Inguqu lomba transformer

Isiseko nokusebenza transformer imisela mba yoqheliso electromagnetic. A core transformer ubunjwe amacwecwe ngentsimbi ngamnye, ndawonye ibe isakhelo okuvala ifomu. Ngundoqo zibekwe ezimbini ngokubhijela S₁ kunye S₂ kunye nenani amathuba kunye w₂ w₁. Le engathi ibe ukumelana encinane kunye inductance eliphezulu.

Kusebenza kuzo zombini eziphelweni S₁ jiko, esiyibiza ukuba U₁ ifildi ombane ephambili. Ngokubhijela lokuphumelela alternating current mna, leyo magnetize ngentsimbi core ngokubeka kuyo alternating obhobhozayo ngemagnethi. Magnetizing isenzo elilingana zangoku kwi inani ampere-amathuba (Iw₁).

Njengoko ukunyuka ekhoyo iza kwandisa wobhobhozayo sibubona ekukhanyeni undoqo, nto leyo eya kuvuselela notshintsho Akubuya yomkhosi coil electromotive of self-induction. Xa ifika ombane isicelo, ukunyuka yangoku kwisekethe zaseprayimari oyekayo. Ngoko, kwi sombane zaseprayimari yesekethe jiko iya kusebenza U₁ isicelo ombane kunye nomkhosi electromotive of self-induction E₁. Kule meko imali le ombane U₁ E₁ omkhulu zokuquba ombane kule ukusongwa lincinane kakhulu. Ngoko ke, singakwazi malunga ukubhala:

U₁ = E₁.

Alternating ekubhobhozeni Imagnethi ibakho ezingundoqo sombane, udlula kwakhona jiko ziphithizelayo aphakamileyo, coil ngamnye coil umdla yokuba ubukhulu bezinto amandla electromotive njengendlela ephambili siya of coil nganye.

Ngokusekelwe yokuba inani amathuba zamabanga ilingana w₁, nezasesekondari - w₂, into owayefakwa amandla bona, ngokulandelelana, ilingana no:

E₁ = w₁e,

E₂ = w₂e,

apho e - amandla electromotive efunyenwe a coil.

Le ombane kule eziphelweni U₂ evulekileyo ngokubhijela amandla electromotive ulingana kuyo, okt.:

U₂ = E₂.

Ngoko ke, sinokugqiba ukuba ombane omabini iziphelo primary transformer kwemicimbi ukuze ibhekisa ixabiso ombane shinyi, Ikhoyili yesibini, inani amathuba ephambili enxulumana ngayo inani amathuba kwi ezizisekondari kwemicimbi:

(U₁ / U₂) = (w₁ / w₂) = k.

k njalo - Umlinganiselo sombane yangoku.

Xa kunjalo, ukuba oko kuyimfuneko kukwandisa ombane, amalungiselelo secondary nosuka kunye nokwanda kwenani amathuba (ebizwa njalo- step-up sombane); kwimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukuthoba ombane, secondary enamajikojiko le transformer esithathwe kunye nenani elincinci amagophe (sombane step-phantsi). A transformer inokufana zombini ngokomlinganiselo yenguqu inyathelo-up, kwaye njengenyathelo-phantsi, ngokuxhomekeke esetyenziswa njenge primary jiko.

Nangona secondary ngokubhijela ivuliwe (akukho AC). Le transformer iduma. Ngaloo kubadle amandla kancinane, ukususela ngoku, magnetizing umongo intsimbi ngenxa esikhulu coil inductance incinci kakhulu. transmission Energy kumphathi wesekethe lesibini ukusuka zaseprayimari ngelixa offline. Oku kunika ithuba lokuba bafunde umlinganiselo yenguqu, kweelana iphela kunye transformer yangoku.

umthwalo sombane, umnqamlezo nge yesekethe resistor zasesekondari jiko. Ngoku uya kuhamba kuFacebook ngoku, zibonakaliswe yileta I₂. Le ngoku, ngokomthetho Lenz buza kubangela ukuhla yokumpompoza otsalayo kwi core. Noko ke, ukuba buthathaka wobhobhozayo otsalayo kwi core kuya kunciphisa self-yoqheliso amandla electromotive eziziiprayimari kwemicimbi kwaye ukuba ukungalingani phakathi la mandla kunye ombane E₁ U₁, mini sathanjiswa wenkunkuma ukuya primary jiko. Ngenxa yoko, i-primary athe ngokubhijela ukunyuka zangoku kwi ethile ixabiso I₁ kwaye lube lingana mina + I₁. Ngenxa yokwanda yokumpompoza yangoku sibubona ekukhanyeni core sombane uya kunyuka uye ixabiso layo yangaphambili ukungalingani phakathi U₁ kunye E₁ ke kwakhona. Ngenxa yoko, imbonakalo I₂ zasesekondari yangoku kubangela ukwanda kweyangoku eziziiprayimari nosuka ngokwexabiso I₁, leyo ibhaqa nomsinga zingumthwalo ephambili jiko le transformer.

Xa zingumthwalo transformer yenziwe transmission ngokuqhubekayo ngamandla kwisekethe lesibini ukusuka zaseprayimari. Ngomthetho ulondolozo kunye nokuguqulwa lwamandla, ngoku amandla yesekethe ephambili ilingana nomsinga kwisekethe ngamandla ezizisekondari; Ngoko ke, kufuneka senze ukulingana:

I₁ U₁ = I₂U₂.

Enyanisweni, lo yokulingana ayikho waphawula, njengoko kwi sombane kukho ilahleko, nangona amancinci. Umlinganiselo ukuguqulwa malunga 94-99%.