Yintoni igama lokuqala ezicwangciselwe imoto "Saphuma"? Igama lokuqala le moto "Uloyiso" kwi USSR

Imbali shishino yemoto eSoviet udale amavo ezininzi kunye namabali dumeke. Abaninzi babo baye ngokwabo uhlobo le iimoto. Enye yezi amabali ibali ngendlela ngaphambili ngokuba imoto "Uloyiso".

Ngemvelaphi yeprojekthi

"Victory" wabonakala kwiindlela yiSoviet kwisiqingatha sesibini 40. Le projekthi waphunyezwa kuzo i Gorky Automobile Plant. Ingcamango moto entsha wazalwa emva kokuba abayili, kwacaca ukuba "gazovskih" imodeli mdala. Phakathi kwabo ezintsha kushishino lweemoto bekusoloko umsantsa ebalulekileyo kwiminyaka elinesibini. Kunye kokugqitywa War Patriotic Enkulu kuqoqosho eSoviet ekugqibeleni waqalisa kakulu. Ke kwakukho imithombo kunye nemali ukudala ngobuninzi imodeli entsha.

Igama lokuqala le moto "Uloyiso" sele kuxoxiwe kwinqanaba lokugqibela yokwakha. Kodwa projekthi imoto entsha ngokwayo Gorky Automobile wabonakala ngo-1943. Ngoko ke urhulumente wamnika umsebenzi neengcali ndingaz ukuphuhlisa imodeli entsha abakumgangatho ophakathi. iinkosi Domestic waqala ukukhetha iziqalelo zoyilo kunye Ubeko engumzekelo.

indima Stalin xa ukuvela "Saphuma"

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba igama lokuqala emotweni "Uloyiso" akazange ungathanda Stalin. Akumangalisi ukuba intloko ngurhulumente eSoviet ngelo xesha elawulwa zonke iintsingiselo mveliso nezeemoto kakhulu kweli lizwe. Stalin laqalisa kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala. Nguye saqulunqa uqoqosho yiSoviet kwi ngezoshishino ngenkani. Kuquka jikelele unobhala ngokobuqu ezaziphethe nokudalwa Gorky Automobile Plant kwi 30. Kwixesha elizayo, Stalin wahlawula ingqalelo into eyenzekayo kule kubalulekile yonke kwishishini karhulumente.

Ngowe-1944, i-yesicelo waba intshumayelo isampulu imoto elizayo. Ukubaluleka mcimbi eyenziwe ngabantu. Kwimeko yempumelelo kumanqanaba aphezulu igunya kunye nemvume kubo ukukhulula imoto bekumele ukuba ukuya kwimveliso mass.

Ukukhetha igama

Ngoko ke yintoni igama lokuqala emotweni "Uloyiso" akazange ungathanda Stalin? Umntu wokuqala ngokweenkcukacha wamxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu thaca yi imoto. Ekugqibeleni, lo bona isihloko. Intloko eSoviet Union ecetywayo eyongeziweyo lobeko lwe "Homeland." Nantso into igama lokuqala ezicwangciselwe imoto "Uloyiso". "Phawu" Stalin onjalo akazange nje. Kukho banentsomi ukuba wittily waphendula umbuzo lo sithembiso: "Yaye njani na ngoku Rodina"

Emva koko eli gama itshayelwe rhoqo kude. Nakuba kunjalo, amagosa karhulumente, ezaziphethe imoto kweprojekthi elizayo, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba ukhethe ukhetho 'izwe. Ngoko ke, isigwebo ilandelayo igama "Saphuma". Olu khetho wanika Stalin. "Homeland" (oko kukuthi, igama lokuqala oko kwacetywa ukuba imoto "Uloyiso") - le misfire kuphela kule projekthi.

features technical

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala yokuyila imoto ngayo iimpawu zakhe ezisisiseko zesimbo neyobugcisa aye aqatshelwa. Kits wagqiba ukunika umatshini yaphantsi eliphantsi kwindlu ebekwe phezu iyunithi asi amandla ngaphambili, ezizimeleyo phambi ukumiswa Springiness. Igama lokuqala le moto "Uloyiso" ( "looMawokhulu") kwacetywa ukunika umnikazi monocoque zingenamaphiko kunye imilo zihambe. Ngokwembonakalo kunye nezisombululo ezibonwayo elo xesha le ngcamango mihla. Ngokutsho ingcamango abayili, "Victory" wayengekho nje umatshini. Waba luphawu iwonga le lonke ishishini nemoto eSoviet.

Isuphavayiza ngqo prowujekthi ke lowo wengcibi yokuluka oyintloko zesityalo Gorky Andrei Lipgart. Yaba nguye lowo ekugqibeleni ibango zonke izisombululo azalanayo iimpawu kwisithuthi. Lipgart waza wakhetha logo imodeli entsha. Loo leta "M," nto leyo kubhekiswa ngoko igama kwisityalo. Kule 30 kwakusasa labizwa ngokuba "Molotovets 'imbeko kumkhomishinala yesizwe kunye Stalin ilingane , Vyacheslav Molotov. Isitayile kwi logo ofana amazinyo ka Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo, ngokunjalo iti - njengomfuziselo emlanjeni omkhulu iVolga.

Ifuthe imfazwe kwi imoto

Kakade ke, igama lokuqala emotweni "Uloyiso" waba omzabalazo. Le ndlela yesibini nobuntwana gca ngakumbi impumelelo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngexesha ekulweni iJamani yamaNazi Iingcali zasekhaya wazuza amava angathethekiyo esebenza imifuziselo amazwe bezithuthi. Ezi iimoto kubanjwa ukusuka Wehrmacht kunye ngqo eJamani. kuye kwabonakala Inani elikhulu kwezithuthi eSoviet Union emva kwemfazwe nje isixhobo utshaba kuthinjwa.

Kwakhona, kukho inani elikhulu imifuziselo wangena lizwe ukusuka eMelika. abasemagunyeni US kwiprogram Faka-zengqeshiso wasiwa eSoviet Union a lot of iimoto. Amava kusetyenziso kule ndlela wanceda iingcali Soviet ukujonga izigqibo zobugcisa noyilo enxulumene imoto entsha. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba igama lokuqala emotweni "Uloyiso" kwathiwa. Gaz umntwana elitsha ukuba omnye umlimandlela combat nabaphumi-Wesithathu.

Ukuqhambuka yemveliso series

Iimoto yokuqala "Uloyiso" zaveliswa ngehlobo lowe-1946. Le mizekelo, nangona kunjalo, baba ilinge lokuqala kuphela. Iingcali obkatyvali ezintsha kanye ihlolwe ukuba ubukho iimpazamo zobugcisa. Uhlalutyo zathatha iinyanga eziliqela. Ngeli xesha, umgca ibandla waya 23 imoto. Bonke ke baba nokunqaba sokuqokelela ekhethekileyo kaThixo.

Igama lokuqala le moto "Uloyiso" eSoviet Union kugxekwe Stalin. Kakade ke, uNobhala Jikelele waba ngumntu wokuqala ukubona indlela yemveliso. Kuye kwenziwa ngo-1947. Stalin wazithanda imoto. Emva kokuba imvume yayo, ubunzima langoku, waqalisa imveliso mass. sewaka i "Uloyiso" beza kunye ngoFebruwari 1948 off line ibandla.

isidingo sokuba ukuguqulwa

"Uloyiso" lwaqhutywa kwiminyaka 1946-1958. Ngeli xesha yena waya zokuguqulwa eziliqela. Oku kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba ekuqaleni 50 aba iintsilelo ekuyilweni okucacileyo phambi kokuba imodeli mihla. Baye ezinxulumene ukusebenza esezantsi umzimba. Isilingi esihlalweni diff kugula zabakhweli. Isiqu ayikwazanga ndoqhayisa umthamo omkhulu.

Yintoni igama lokuqala emotweni "Uloyiso 'ingqalelo le abayili? Babefuna ukunika imoto igama "Rodina", kodwa Stalin awuyitshintshanga le ukhetho. Ukuze ukuba umatshini baba noloyiso ngokwenene njengoko negama layo, kufuneka ihlaziywe.

"Saphuma-nathi"

"Victory-US" ime phandle phakathi iiprojekthi besizukulwana yokuqala iinguqulelo imoto odumileyo. Le Isihloko hayi kuyilo. Oku kubhekiswa kwiziko lwezenzululwazi zikarhulumente kwinkalo ngomatshini. iingcali zalo ngokuqhutywa ukuqalisa ukuvelisa enye loyamano kumatshini lwezandla.

I ezintsha eziphambili kukuba sedan fastback umzimba bekumele ukuba kufakwe endaweni sedan oluqhelekileyo. isofa Front egumbini inika ecacileyo, kwaye endaweni yaso izihlalo hlukanisa akumgangatho entanjeni. Re-ucwangciso avumele ukwandisa isithuba ezisebenzisekayo ekhoyo umqhubi kunye abakhweli. Ngokubanzi, uphuhliso ziingcali US kukuphucula nangentuthuzelo. Ezi iingcamango ayikhange ilandelwe ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu le projekthi.