Ikhonkrithi: ingaba inkulu kangakanani, ikhululeka kwaye isetyenziswe, kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa

Ikhonkrithi iyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwakheni ngenxa yempawu zayo zokusebenza: kunzima, kungabinxiba kwaye kuyomelele. Ukufumana ezi mpawu, izakhiwo kufuneka zenziwe ngokukodwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuba imithetho yokubeka isisombululo iyaphulwa, le nto ayiyi kuzuza iimpawu ezilindelekileyo. Ukuchaneka ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenzisa ikhonkrithi, ubuninzi balo bunjani bomelele kwaye kuxhomekeka ntoni kule parameter?

Ukwakhiwa kwezinto

Nawuphi na umquba wekhonkrithi uqulethwe ngumxube, isamente kunye namanzi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yesisombululo, izalathisi ezahlukeneyo zongezwa kwizinto eziphambili:

• Ilitye elichotshoziweyo, ingca.
• Udongwe olwandisiweyo.
• Slag.
• Polystyrene.
• Izinkuni zokhuni okanye i-sawdust.

Ixesha lokuqiniswa kobunzima lixhomekeke kuhlobo lwebhinki apho ikhonkrithi eyenziwa khona. Ingakanani umxube owomileyo unqunywe yiimvavanyo zelabhoratri, ngoko ixesha elifunyenweyo ngenxa yokuhlolwa lisetyenziswe ekwenzeni ukwakhiwa kwezinto.

Iintlobo zeenkwenkwezi

Ixesha elide lekhonkrithi lixhomekeke kwiimpawu zecandelo eliphambili. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezibophelelo, ezenza isiseko sesisombululo:

1. Imixube yeCement. Kuzo, izicombululo zilungiselelwe ukuveliswa kwemithwalo ephethe imithwalo. Ixesha lomxube ukupholisa kwindawo yokusebenza livela kwiintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-14.
2. Gypsum. Ikhonkrithi esekelwe kule bhinqa isetyenziselwa ukubeka iindawo ezincinci ezikwinqanaba lesakhiwo, umzekelo, isahlulo sangaphakathi kunye neendonga ezisekelayo. Ukwakhiwa kwesisombululo kubandakanya umxube we- pozzolanic samente kunye ne-gypsum enopompo. Uyilo lusebenza emva kweentsuku ezimbini.
3. Iicilikhi ziyanciphisa kakhulu indleko zekhonkrit, ngelixa iimpawu zamandla zihlala kwizinga eliphezulu. Umhla wokugqibela wokuphumeza imeko yokusebenza yento ixhomekeke kubukhulu bomlinganiselo kunye nendlela yokuqiniswa. Kwi-autoclave, iimpendulo zenzeka iintsuku ezi-2.
4. I-polymenti yokumisa i-Polymer isetyenziselwa ukuxolela imithi yokuhlobisa ngokubandakanywa kweemvumba zemarble, i-granite, i-pigment and natural pigments. Iyanciphisa isisombululo kwisithuba seyure, ummandla ungalayishwa emva kweentsuku eziyi-3-4.

Izigqibo

Ukongeza kwixesha elimiselweyo lokuqina komxube wekriti, ubude bokuqina buchaphazeleka:

1. Ukuthotywa komoya. Inkqubo enzima yindlela yokwenza amakhemikhali phakathi kwenkomfa ejikelezayo kunye namanzi. Ngako oko, xa i-liquid isiphumile emzimbeni, le nyathelo iya kupheliswa. Ukuze ugweme ukukhulelwa kwamanzi kunye nokuqhekeka kwevolumu yekhonkrithi, kuyimfuneko ukudala imeko yobuncwane obaneleyo ubuncinane be-75%.
2. Iqondo lokushisa. Ekubeni impendulo iquka amanzi, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela i-congelation ngexesha lokubanda. Kwiinkqubo ezinzima, ukushisa kukhishwe kwisakhiwo, kwaye kumaqondo aphezulu aphezulu, ukusebenzisana kwamaqela kubonakala ngokukhawuleza.
3. Uhlobo lwesithintelo kunye nomthamo wamanzi kumdaka ukwazisa ukuba ubunjani bekhonkrithi kufuneka bome. I-powder ye-Gypsum enexabiso elaneleyo le-liquid lifumana isakhiwo esomeleleyo emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, i-Portland samente iyadingeka malunga ne-12-16 ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezidweliswe.
4. Ubunzima besakhiwo buchaphazela ukuqiniswa ngokubanzi kwesisombululo.

Ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kutyunjwe imisebenzi yokwakha apho kusetyenziswa khona ikhonkrithi. Ixesha elide lihlala lixhomekeke njani kwindalo kunye nokunyamekela okufanelekileyo kwimiqulu ephakamileyo.

Umyinge wemigangatho

Okuqhelekileyo ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo zisetyenziswe ikhonkrithi yesimente. Ingakanani ukwakhiwa komthamo kuyo kwachongwa ngophando kwiimeko zendawo yokwakha kunye nebhubhoratri:

• Kwiintsuku ezi-3 isisombululo sifumana malunga ne-30% yamandla afanayo kwi-brand, phantsi kwemeko yomswakama ophezulu kunye nobushushu bomoya aphantsi kwe-15 ⁰ С.
• Ukususela kwiintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-14, ikhonkrithi ithola ubunzima obaneleyo ukuya kwi-80% yeempawu ezifakiwe.
• Iintsuku eziyi-28 - ixesha elichanekileyo kwisicwangciso esipheleleyo samandla e-mortgaged. Ngeli xesha, into ingasetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza.
• Ikhonkrithi iyahlula ukusuka kwezinye izixhobo ukukwazi ukwandisa iimpawu zayo ngexesha lokusebenza. Kuphawulwe ukuba emva kweentsuku ezingama-90 ilitye lidlula i-parameters ebekelwe i-20%.

Umphumo wefomu: ingaba akukho okanye akukho

Xa kulungiswa nayiphi na into, indlela yokwakha i-monolithic isetyenziswa rhoqo. Umbuzo uvela: Ingakanani ukrekthi ekwakhekeni komile, ingathintela ixesha elikhuni lwesakhiwo?

Inkqubo yokuqiniswa komzimba ayikho into eyenziwa yinkqubo yamachiza. Impembelelo kwisantya sawo nje kuphela izimo zangaphandle: ukushisa kunye nomswakama wendalo kunye nezinye izithako ezifakelwa kumxube kwimveliso ukuvelisa nokuphucula iimpawu ezithile zezinto eziphathekayo.

Iifom zokusebenza zisebenzisa iibhodi zokhuni, amashishini ensimbi kunye neplywood. Ezi zinto zenzelwe ukulungisa umongo wexesha elizayo. Bayakwazi ukugcina ubushushu kwivolumu eqinisiweyo, kodwa kungekhona kwisixa sokuba kukho ukunyuka okukhulu kweenkqubo.

Ngokunyamekela okufanelekileyo, ikhonkrithi efomini ikhululeka ngaphakathi kwixesha elinqunywe ngulawulo lobushushu:

Emva kwexesha elichaziweyo, iifom isuswa, isakhiwo siyaqhubeka sizinzima ngokuzimeleyo, ngeli xesha usebenze umsebenzi wokufaka ukulungiswa kwento.

Ukuxhomekeka kwexesha ngomthamo

Izakhiwo zekhonkrithi ze-Monolithic zihlukeneyo. Iziseko zezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo zenziwa kwiinkqubo ezininzi: ibhande, ipiliti, iplati. Amalungu abo ahlukeneyo.

Ukufumana ukuba isiseko sekhonkrit edibene kangakanani, kufuneka ukhokelwe ngubunzima besakhiwo. Ekubeni ukuqina noqhankqalazo yindlela yokwenza amakhemikhali, kufuneka ihambe ngokunyanisekileyo kuwo wonke umthamo. Xa kufutshane, ubushushu bukhishwa. Ngako oko, inxalenye yangaphakathi yelungu liza ngokukhawuleza liza kummandla wokugqibela. Ukongezelela, ukukhuphuka kwamanzi okugqithisileyo kukhawuleza kwiindawo eziphezulu, kwaye izinto zifumana isakhiwo esaneleyo sokuqhubeka komsebenzi wofakelo.

Izakhiwo ezinqabileyo, ezinjengeziseko ezinqamle izakhiwo ezinkulu, izibhuku zokubhukuda, iindawo zokuthenga izitolo, zinokumelana neenyanga ezintathu, kude kube yilapho iprojekthi ephakamileyo ifumanekile.

Indlela yokwandisa isantya sokuqina

Ingakanani ikhonkco eyomileyo kwisitalato kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, sizimisele. Ngoku makhe siqwalasele iindlela zenkqubo enokukhawuleza ngayo:

1. Ukugcina umgangatho womswakama ohlala rhoqo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba umxube wekhonkrithi ubekwe kwifom. Ukwenza oku, iifom ezizalisiweyo zihlanganiswe ngezinto ezingenawo amanzi (ifilimu okanye intsimbi) kwaye ihlale ihlaziywa.
2. Ukudala imeko yokushisa kubalulekile kubuncwane busika. Njengoko kuyaziwa, kwiindawo ezibandayo amanzi aphefumula aze ahlawule, angenakuvunyelwa kwisakhiwo esinzima. Ukuthintela oku, ebusika ukwakhiwa kwendlela ifakwe ngophefu ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukukhawulezisa iinkqubo zeekhemikhali. Ukongezelela, i-catalysts ezizodwa zongezwa kumxube kwimveliso, ekhuthaza ukulungelelana nokufakela ngokukhawuleza kwamacandelo.
3. Ukubala ukubala kwesilinganiselo samanzi kunye nesamente kuqinisekisa ukupheliswa komxube ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuxoshwa kwamanzi amaninzi.