Yintoni na abalinganiswa, yaye oko kuthetha ntoni?

Ntoni abalinganiswa? Apho ke asetyenziswa, nendlela ukuqonda kwabo? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba achaze iimpawu ngandlela kuguqula ulwimi olulula thina atolike kwaye ukuwuqonda? Kakade ke, unako. Phakathi abalinganiswa ezikhoyo njengoko yamandulo, apho kungekho elide kusetyenziswa, kunye nomhla, apho kwenzeka ileta eya nobuninzi yeenkcubeko Asia. Eyokuqala, Kakade ke, kunzima ukuwuqonda, kwaye akwazi ukudluliselwa ngokusebenzisa "Google". Ngokuba wonke, kwacaca ukuba yintoni na nento udlayo, siya achaze yonke into abalinganiswa besabelana nokuba yintoni iqela abamele.

le nkcazelo

Xa umbono lo mlinganiswa - iyunithi lokubhala, esiza kusetyenziswa ngabanye abantu. Linokuthetha nokuba lithe lalila ngezwi lomntu, ezingaphezu okanye unobumba okanye igama yonke. Ngamanye amaxesha abalinganiswa nga usithumelele isivakalisi yonke okanye ibinzana elithile. Eli gama iingcambu Greek ngokwakhe. Eli gama ngabo ezibhaliweyo Oriental wanika umphengululi Kliment Aleksandriysky, ngubani inxaxheba yonke ezama izicatshulwa kwaye kwakuthe ingcamango jikelele ukuba nabalinganiswa ezinjalo. Inkcazelo, leyo yakhokelela, eyakhiwa lamagama amabini: "ieros", nto leyo liguqulelwe lesiGrike elithetha "engcwele" yaye "iglif", leyo, ngokulandelelana, eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "kunqunyulwa". Wabanika ezi iitekisi ukubaluleka engcwele, ngoko ke wababiza ngokuba 'engcwele eqingqiweyo unobumba ".

Apho uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana abalinganiswa

Ngoku, ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na abalinganiswa, khangela nje ukubhalwa East Far. Noko ke, ngemihla yamandulo, bambalwa abemi behlabathi wamandulo benza ukufunda nenkcubeko yabantu kunye neelwimi zabo. Ngenxa yokuba eli gama ngokufuthi lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ieratike - yokubhala yamandulo zaseYiputa. kule iitekisi zolwimi amagama in Antiquity kunye kumaXesha Aphakathi, kwaye nkqu nanamhlanje, abaninzi kubo osalayo imfihlakalo mbali. abalinganiswa Modern efanayo sidibana ngolwimi yaseTshayina kwaye onke amasebe awo (Korean kunye Tangut), kwakunye nazo zonke iintlobo zokubhala Japanese zomthonyama.

Ieratika kunye neempawu zayo

eyayimela yamandulo zaseYiputa wabonakala kunye nokuzalwa ubukhosi lokuqala koFaro. Kwaloo zolwimi yamandulo amaYiputa kwi nefonetiki zabo unendawo okudibeneyo iziyelelane isiJuda, kodwa ngendlela efanayo uyafana kumasebe iilwimi Cushitic kunye neyabemi-Libyan. Kuyo yonke ubukho yokubhala yamandulo zaseYiputa kusetyenziswa amagama kuphela. Ngaphambili, bahlabeka kuphela amatye, ngomhla iindonga kwiitempile kunye nezindlu. Kamva, ukubhala imithetho, namanye amaxwebhu kunye neeleta ezilula lalisetyenziswa papyrus. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngaphezu irekhodi endala, kungenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba ukubhala. Oku kungenxa yokuba iirekhodi zindala amaYiputa wadalwa ngenxa umfanekiso thumbnail, nto leyo kanye ziboniswa izinto okanye izenzo. Kamva Baqala ke ukuba kusetyenziswa entsonkothileyo kakhulu ngakumbi abalinganiswa, abo benza yonke ezama izazinzulu zombini yaseYurophu Asia. Eyona discoverer iphambili kweli endle kucingwa ukuba engumFrentshi Shapmolon. Kodwa enyanisweni, zinegalelo elikhulu kakhulu ukuba ziqonde iileta samandulo saseYiputa wenza Vahshiyya Persian Ibn al-alam, nto leyo zaguqulelwa ngamakhulu Arabic bengamagqwirha kunye neetekisi karhulumente.

yokubhala Japanese

Ulwimi yakutshanje lizwe LaseJapan wakhiweyo eyase iziyelelane zasekuhlaleni, apho ngaphambili ukuba alinasiseko zegrama, yaye inxenye ekubhalweni Chinese. Ngenxa yokuba abalinganiswa Japanese kunye nentsingiselo yazo badla isandi kunye nesigama Chinese, kodwa ukufumana kwihi kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwezinye iimeko. Ngoko ke, ulwimi Japanese wahlulwe ube zahlulo zithathu: Kanji - lo kanji, yena eza apha evela eTshayina, Hiragana kunye katakana - lokuzalwa alphabet Japanese.

kanji

abalinganiswa ezibhaliweyo Chinese zisetyenziselwa ityumbe izibizo ezithile, iziphawuli ngenxa iziseko, kwakunye ukubhala amagama abo. Ixabiso kunye nohlobo ukufunda kanji luxhomekeke kwindlela apho weza eJapan. Njengomgaqo, nangoku, kuxhomekeka kwindawo yayo kwisivakalisi kwi imeko. Ukufumana oonobumba ezininzi ezibhaliweyo kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe ezilishumi zokufunda. Funda, ke, ungasebenzisa enye iinkqubo ezimbini. Omnye kuthiwa onemi, kwaye umongo wayo usendleleni yokuba lo mlinganiswa ngoyena ukufunda ngendlela Chinese. Eyesibini kuthiwa kunemi - pronunciation, ngokungqinelana nemithetho yolwimi lweenkobe Japanese.

Hiragana

abalinganiswa Native Japanese kunye nexabiso yabo idluliselwa nge Hiragana alphabet. Iqulethe becala izikhamiso ngaphandle enye yamaqabane amabini - «h». Le miqondiso ebhaliweyo kusetyenziswa ukuguqula izibizo kunye neziphawuli lathathwa Kanji. Nge Hiragana zibangelwa izimaphambili nezimamva ukuvalwa. Amaxesha amaninzi, abalinganiswa-alfabhethi izandi ngolwimi oluthethwayo kuthi imbalelwano ye-Japanese. Hiragana kwakhona usindiso kwabo bangamaziyo Kanji. Kulo izithethantonye ezininzi ukuba akwazi ukuchaza intsingiselo angaqhelekanga abanye abantu morpheme abolekwe kulwimi Chinese.

katakana

Le alfabhethi yesibini lweenkobe Japanese nayo isetyenziswa nkarhinyana. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi kuphazamisana Kanji, Hiragana, embiza. Ukuba awuyazi into Kanji in Japanese abolekwe kwezinye Asia (ngaphandle IsiTshayina) iilwimi, ungasebenzisa ukudlulisela lowo lwesemantiki iisimboli lilungu katakana alfabhethi. Kwakhona qaphela ukuba iisimboli ebhaliweyo-alfabhethi zisetyenziswa kuphela njengoba mfana, yaye phi ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo ngentetho ngaphezu Hiragana.

anika umdla

Kuba wonke yaseYurophu ingqiqo mntu into abalinganiswa njengoko ufunda kunye nendlela ukuqonda ukuba kube nzima kakhulu. Noko ke, phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, a Charles K. Bliss ezithile wazama ukudala inkqubo emanyeneyo lonke ihlabathi obhalwe zokubhala nolwimi, ukuze abantu, nithi, France akwazi ukunxibelelana ngokukhululekileyo nabantu namaTshayina. Noko ke, imizamo yakhe aziphumelelanga. Kodwa eJapan, kukho uhlobo oluthile ulwimi, ekuthiwa Romaji. Oku irekhodi amagama usebenzisa oonobumba Latin, nto leyo ngokukhawuleza esivumela ukuba sifunde nomlinganiswa kunye athi ngokuchanekileyo.