Isihlalo Azov 1637 - 1642 ngokufutshane. isihlalo Azov Don Cossacks

Imbali - inzululwazi imnandi kakhulu umdla. Iziganeko imihla yamfamlibe mihle yaye bayixabela xa imizwa yabo kunye neguquguqukayo, wacinga-iingcinga, ufundise umzekelo.

Kwelinye icala, inzululwazi umlando ezininzi kakhulu yaye iphikisana. Ngokomzekelo, oko kanye njengempahla elula kokuhlambeleyo, engaliqondi thina - bantu mihla; okanye ngenxa yokuba ngemihla yamandulo, kuyimfuneko yaye iluncedo kwabonakala, ngoku nakubalwa abaziziyatha kunye kokulahlwa.

Noko ke, kwimbali lizwe kukho amaxesha eziqaqambileyo kunye neziganeko ukuba nangoku wayesoyikwa iincwadi izenzo zobuqhawe, nanzo zibhaliwe legends, ukuba bangazenza kunye esinokumxelisa ngayo.

Omnye iziqephu ezintle yembali Azov na kwisihlalo Don Cossacks (1637 - 1642). Ngokufutshane malunga isiganeko eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Kodwa ukuze siqonde ngcono imiba thaca, makhe siqale ukufumana unobangela. Yintoni amaqela alwayo abachaphazelekayo Azov zokungqinga isihlalo (1637 - 1642), kunye landulelwe yiloo nto.

Don Cossacks

Don Cossack Umamkeli yayimi kwindawo ngoku imimandla Rostov kunye Volgograd, kwaye bathabatha yinxalenye Lugansk kunye IDonetsk iingingqi. Don Cossacks ingqalelo le umkhosi emininzi yonke imikhosi Cossack yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Sisihlandlo sokuqala ezikhondweni zinxulumene thuba 1550, okt malunga iminyaka elikhulu ngaphambi kokuba isiganeko, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku. Kukholelwa ukuba ngelo xesha, i-Don Cossacks yedwa ngokupheleleyo ngokunxulumene amazwe. Kamva, baba ngakumbi ngokusondeleyo ngakumbi asebenzisane tsar Russian, kuqhina kunye Russian uBukhosi amathemba kunye neminqweno yabo.

Xa abantu Don ngonqulo ayebizwa Orthodox, kodwa phakathi kwabo kwakukho inani elininzi amakholwa ubudala, amaBhuda Muslims.

impi Turkish

Elinye ilungu le iziganeko isihlalo Azov Turks Kwasekwa yi Ottoman Empire olukhulu kwizizwe ezininzi abahlala eAsia Minor - kwanamaGrike, Armenia, amaYuda, Georgians, Asiriya nabanye.

Turks Zidume isimilo zabo zemfazwe, amabhongo sobummandla kunye nobudlova uphawu imfazwe. Uninzi abemi Ottoman yayingamaMuslim.

Ngoku masifumanise kutheni Don Cossacks kunye Turks baye bagqiba ukulwela Azov inqaba.

History of Azov

Azov - isixeko emlonyeni i-Don River. Sele BC ngenkulungwane VI, kwaba lula ukucinga ukuba kuya kwenzelwa ukungqubana zomkhosi ezinzulu kunye amadabi, enye apho ikomkhulu lalo Azov Don Cossacks (1637-1642).

Wabaseki Azov na amaGrike, wathi wakha phezu kwentaba eliphezulu le dolophu, wasithiya Tanais. eminyaka Ishumi elinesihlanu kweso sixeko kwakukho ummandla Tmutarakan ubulawuli ka Kievan Rus, yaye emva koko yathinjwa Polovtsy, kwaye kancinane emva koko - ukuba Mongols. Ngowe XIII-XV iinkulungwane kwi kummandla Azov ine thanga Italian ka Tana, edume urhwebo lwabo ubomi obutofotofo.

Noko ke, ngo-1471 zifakiwe umkhosi Ottoman isixeko wayijika ibe yinqaba enamandla engqongwe eludongeni eliphezulu limxulube ezinde elinanye. Inqaba elawulwa emaqeleni i-North Caucasus eseZantsi Don.

Njengoko kubonakala, Azov kangangeenkulungwane lithathe indawo kwindawo ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga, ekubeni kwindawo ekhethwe ngokuphathelele kuLwandle Azov.

Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba Cossacks wayefuna ukuba unikeze ntsimi ngokwayo, ngoko bazama ukuba ukhethe isixeko. Azov kokuhlala (1637 - 1642) yaba ngenxa yokuhlasela zabo nqaba.

Wahlasela nokuhlaselwa

Yintoni eyabangela esihlalweni Azov 1637-1642? Ngokufutshane ngale ingafumaneka kumyalezo zembali lemini.

Isibakala sokuba Azov inqaba Azak, okanye (njengoko yayibizwa njalo ngoko), ngumthombo rhoqo ingozi wamajoni, ethathela iCrimea AmaTatar, yaye inxalenye Turkish khan. ukuhlaselwa Tatar-Turkish kumhlaba karhulumente Russian ebangela umonakalo omkhulu, zombini ngabantu abaqhelekileyo kwaye uqoqosho igunya ngokubanzi. emasimini elidlavula kunye neefama, wangena abahlali ekuthinjweni, uloyiko, nangokuphambana abahlali - konke oku kwawasingela amandla nobungangamsha le Russian ezizukileyo.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba Kweyalo Cossacks akazange ahlale abanamatyala ukuya umhlaseli angabamelwane. Athole Bathi kuphangwa, zawahlasela - uhlaselo.

Amaxesha aliqela Cossacks wayithimba inqaba enqatyisiweyo, wakhululwa amabanjwa zabo, bethabathe nabo nabafo yotshaba. Bayiphanga + wachitha umzi ukubiza abahlali balo irhafu elininzi ngendlela ityuwa, imali kunye nokuloba nezixhobo. amaphulo anjalo walungisa nesibindi Dontcov ukuya ekhumbulekayo kunye ezibalulekileyo Azaka ukuziphendulela eyaziwa embalini zombini Azovskoe isihlalo Cossack (1637-1642). Ngokufutshane malunga kuthinjwe ekomelezeni zinokufundwa ngezantsi.

Qala of operation

Ngubani owenza isigqibo malunga kuthinjwe Azov? Ebusika 1636 kwibhunga jikelele Cossacks wamajoni wagqiba ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza iphulo kwi utshaba Azak ngenjongo ekufundeni amandla onke amalungelo ezinxulumene ilifa layo.

Abathunywa abavela izangqa Cossack baye kuyo yonke imizana ukuqokelela wonke ukuya kuhlasela ukuba nenkani. Ukuze balwe thina sikulungele ezine ezinesiqingatha amawaka Don Cossacks kunye newaka Zaporozhye.

Ibhunga zomkhosi, ndadibana nabo looNongendi kwidolophu, umise imini ethile ukuhlasela, echazwe kwisicwangciso sokusebenza wanyula uhambo nenkokeli. Kwacaca ukuba uMikhail Tatarinov - a Cossack ngenkalipho, esisilumko, ngubani na kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuvela AmaTatar, okanye kwake banjwa zabo.

kuhlaselwa Qala

Njani ezinye Azov (1637-1642)? Ngokufutshane ke unako ukufunda emlonyeni isikhulu.

Wabongoza namanye-in-iingalo ukuya kulwa busurman hayi ebusuku, echwechwa, yaye emva kwemini, engenasigqubuthelo entloko nkqo.

Oku koko kwenzekayo. Amabini ananye Epreli Cossacks bafika iindonga Azak kumacala omabini - ijoni sabetha yi Don kwiinqanawa ebhodini, yaye inxalenye yaba amahashe elunxwemeni.

I Turks bemlindile abahlaseli. Batshelwa malunga izicwangciso Cossacks Turkish Ambassador Thomas Kantakuzenom.

Ngoko ke, lo lilinge lokuqala zifake enqabeni baba aluphumelelanga.

Ukongeza, isakhiwo ngokwalo ngakumbi ngobungcali ukuwaxhobisa. Chetyrehtysyachnoe wasivuna amajoni ekampini elihamba kunye eziliqela, neegalari, leyo ezininzi ngemipu kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Uloyiso the Cossacks

Xa ekuqaleni kwesihlalo edume Azov (1637-1642)? zokungqinga sixeko iinyanga ezimbini. Sasisele wazama zonke iintlobo iindlela kunye namacebo. I Cossacks zimba izisele, imisele, ukudubula ngemipu ezindongeni shinyi, ibonisa sortie elilodwa ongqingiweyo.

Okokugqibela Kwagqitywa ukuba kwenziwe msele (eyathatha ngaphezu kwenyanga) uze uzise eludongeni, ebizwa njalo-"yeyam." Ngenxa dubulo okubangelwa umsantsa omkhulu (malunga namashumi amabini ubukhulu meters) eludongeni omzimba, apho bahlaseli ayaphula kungena enqabeni.

Yaba elinesibhozo Juni 1637.

Noko ke, ukuze sisifikele isixeko - sisiqingatha edabini. Kufuneka kwakhona bamba ngokupheleleyo. Cossacks nesibindi, zingawucongi yena, walwela zonke intshi le nqaba ende ilindelwe.

Bona iyangena iinqaba ezine Azov, apho bahlala iintshaba banenkani, yaye emva koko kwi melee imfazwe uqhubene ngokuqatha bonke ababeka up ukuxhathisa, batshatyalaliswa bonke abemi inqaba.

Cossack Azak

Xa kufakwe le Cossacks inqaba zakhutshwa malunga namawaka amabini nokuxubana bahlutha ngemipu iintshaba wavakalisa isixeko free amaKristu Azov. inqaba ibandla Old yaphinda yamiselwa-, oko yasekwa urhwebo kunye amaqhina ezopolitiko kunye abarhwebi Russian kunye Iranian.

Owaba umnini Azaka emva kokuwa inqaba, xa esihlalweni Azov (1637-1642 gg.)? Ngokufutshane uphendule lo mbuzo i Russian Tsar ngokwakhe. Akazange avume ukuthatha enqabeni njengoko impahla Russia, kokoyika ukwaphula umthetho isivumelwano uxolo umbusi Turkish. Ngoko ke, bangabanini abafanelekileyo dolophu babegqalwa Donskoy-Zaporozhye Cossacks.

Bona bazimisele ezazithengiswa, sakhiwe enqatyisiweyo enqabeni yomkhosi, esazi ukuba indawo womniniyo yangaphambili zange ithathe ixesha elide.

Oku koko kwenzekayo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1641 oko yaqala isihlalo yokoqobo Azov (1637-1642 g).

Turks ukuhlasela

Sultan Ibrahim wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze ukwakha amajoni owomeleleyo baqeqeshwe kakuhle. Xa nempi yakhe, wamema bonke - amaGrike, Albania, Arabhu, yayingamaSerb, ukuphinda-ukudibanisa kumazwe abo enqabeni ozithandayo Azak. Ngokutsho imithombo eyahlukeneyo, inani yokuhlaselwa Turkish-Tatar zisukela ukusuka nekhulu ukuya amadoda angamakhulu amabini anamashumi amane amawaka yamxhel'omnye ababa imikhumbi amakhulu amabini, anamanci mahlanu ezilikhulu imipu zokungqinga.

Inani Cossacks ngexesha wayengqingwe, apho malunga namawaka amathandathu (kuquka nabafazi nayo yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ukuziphendulela isixeko).

Umkhosi wotshaba phantsi umyalelo we umphathi abanamava oyintloko Hüseyin Pasha. I Cossacks abaye bakhetha kwezikhulu UNahum Vasilyeva kunye Osip Petrov.

Ekuqaleni June Azak Wangqingwa ke umzi, macala onke. Azov ehleli (1637-1642) waba swing ngokupheleleyo. abantu Don ngamandla othile esoniwa, kodwa amabutho ukungalingani.

Kufutshane ezindongeni Turks bemba imingxuma ezininzi apho ukufaka sekhe namajoni sokuhlaselwa. Eli qhinga krele wenza ereweyelolo ubaleka kokuhlaselwa Cossack.

Emva koko ke Cossacks baqalisa ukusebenzisa SAPS pre-ukugrunjwa ukuhlela okuthile engalindelekanga ekampini yotshaba. Eli cebo kuye kwabulawa amajoni utshaba amawaka aliqela.

Ukususela ekupheleni kukaJuni yaqalisa neziqhushumbisi mihla le ekudleni ngemipu enzima. Kwiindawo ezininzi, iindonga nqaba zaye yadilizwa emhlabeni. Donets awayebalekele enzulwini izakhiwo ephakathi.

ukukhulisa nasekuxinweni

Kangangexesha elithile esihlalweni Azov (1637-1642) yabalasela izikhali. I Turks kwafuneka alinde ukusekelwa ukusuka Istanbul ngokohlobo ukutya, iimbumbulu kwezoshishino kwanababoneleli bemfundo.

By nabo benza indlela yabo Cossacks amaqabane abathembekileyo, esichengeni ukuze zifakwe emanzini Donahue ephila.

Kwenziwa iintetho rhoqo malunga uzinikele ngokuzithandela inqaba. Noko ke, abantu baqonde Don yintoni na emva kwabo ezweni labo, nto leyo ukufaka Janissaries, ngoko musa ungavumelani nawaphi na amalungiselelo nokunikelwa linomtsalane.

Oku kwalandela chatha ngakumbi bombardment akaphinda ubusuku nemini. Kodwa kwathi ilothe nto. Cossacks ngenkalipho wagcina ukuziphendulela, ngaphandle ukuyeka yonke umzuzu ukuphendula umlilo zokudubula.

Ke Turks, undismayed, ukulahlekelwa amandla kunye nokholo kwabo, wagqiba kwelokuba asuse okusingqongileyo ukuphinda lokungqinga emva konyaka.

ekupheleni

Yintoni yaphela nesibindi Azov ehleli (1637-1642)? abantu Don, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu noqhekeko utshaba umkhosi, ngokwabo ubunzima izinto enkulu kunye nokulahlekelwa ubunzima: iwaka embalwa abavikeli babulawa, wabatshabalalisa inqaba yaba angakulungeli ubusika kulo, kubaxa ukunqongophala kokutya kunye nezixhobo ezingafunwayo, urhulumente Russian baqhubeka ukwala ukunceda ongqingiweyo. Konke oku kwenza i Cossacks kuwonakalisa lo mzi phantsi kwaye ushiye inqaba engenasigqubuthelo entloko nkqo.

Oku kwenzeka ehlotyeni ka-1642. Yaphela kanjalo i Azov ehleli (1637-1642) - ufanelwe wendumiso oosinga feat Cossacks.

ukusebenza

Ziziphi iingenelo izise abantu Russian yobugorha esihlalweni Azov (1637-1642)?

1. amawaka Ukhululwe of nokuxubana.
2. Utshaba mkhosi ubunzima ilahleko enkulu.
3. kwezomnotho Umi phakathi Cossacks kunye nezinye izizwe.
4. Ukomelezwa umoya yokuziphatha yobuzwe onke Cossacks.
5. isihlalo Azov wayengomnye amanyathelo okuqala udibanise Don Cossacks kunye lasebukhosini.