Yintoni ehlathini boreal? amahlathi Coniferous eli hlathi: inkcazelo, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana

Kwindawo enkulu yendalo eRashiya nguye hlathi. amahlathi Coniferous nga ngokuzithemba kubizwa ngokuba 'nemiphunga Umhlaba ", kungengenxa yokuba luphume kubo kuxhomekeke kwimeko zezulu, eseleyo oksijini carbon dioxide. Apha bebekelwa oovimba abatyebileyo amaplanga, zezimbiwa, uninzi lwazo zisingisele unanamhla.

Indawo eRussia

strip Wide isasazeka kwilizwe lethu, elo hlathi. amahlathi Coniferous zifikelela kakhulu eSiberia (East, West), i Urals, kwingingqi izimvu, eMpuma Ekude kunye neentaba besekhaya. Imvelaphi lommandla kuthatha phezu kumda wasentshona eRashiya, ibanga le Pacific Ocean - Japan kunye Okhotsk ziilwandle.

amahlathi Coniferous le hlathi kumda kunye neminye imimandla zezulu. Emantla, baya kuhlanganiswa kunye kumathafa, entshonalanga - kunye ngamahlathi ebanzi-zodonga. Kweminye imizi kukho ekudibaneni kwe-hlathi kunye emathafeni kunye namahlathi exutyiweyo.

Indawo eYurophu

amahlathi hlathi Coniferous kukugubungela Russia nje kuphela, kodwa Kwamanye amazwe angaphandle. Phakathi kwabo - kumazwe ze eScandinavia, Canada. Kwihlabathi kwimiboniso hlathi beshumayela kwintsimi enkulu kwaye igqalwa ndawo inkulu ehlabathini.

Esiphelweni wemveli kubekwe kwicala langasezantsi kwisiqithi Hokkaido (Japan). Icala elisemntla inomda Taimyr. Eli lungiselelo kungenxa kwisikhundla aziintloko hlathi-elide phakathi kwezinye iindawo zendalo.

sezulu

Vala wemveli ibekwe imimandla emibini zemozulu - epholileyo kunye Arctic. Oku kuchaza ezahlukeneyo iimeko zemozulu ehlathini. Imozulu epholileyo inikeza eshushu ehlotyeni. Iqondo lobushushu avareji indawo zendalo ehlotyeni degrees 20 ngasentla zero. umoya obandayo arctic kuchaphazela utshintsho ngesiquphe kwamaqondo obushushu kwaye uchaphazela ubusika boreal, umoya usenokuba apha kufuneka zipholile ukuba degrees 45 ngezantsi zero. Ukongeza, umoya lihlaba ambona onke amaxesha onyaka.

amahlathi hlathi Coniferous luphawulwa ukufuma eliphezulu ngenxa indawo kwi marshland kunye hexa ephantsi. Ehlotyeni inkoliso kwezulu iwela ngokohlobo neemvula ezincinane kwaye inzima. Ebusika ikhephu elininzi - Ebubanzini maleko yalo iisentimitha 50-80, hayi zinyibilike iinyanga 6-7. ESiberia kukho permafrost.

iimpawu

I-, inde kwaye izityebi indawo zendalo inkulu - elo hlathi. amahlathi Coniferous kukugubungela elinesihlanu yezigidi ezikwere zeekhilomitha of Umhlaba Umhlaba! Le ububanzi bommandla kwinxalenye yaseYurophu kweekhilomitha ezili-800, eSiberia - ngaphezulu kwe amawaka 2 kweekhilomitha.

Formation emahlathini hlathi yaqala ngexesha lokugqibela, ngaphambi kunye ezihambayo zinyibilike. Nangona kunjalo, uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha iimpawu ndawo waza wafumana kuphela ngo-1898 Bulelani P. N. Krylovu, ngubani lichazwa ingqiqo ka "hlathi", yaye zakhiwe iimpawu zayo eziphambili.

Ingakumbi namachibi kwabahlali abazizityalo esisityebi. Apha luqalwe imilambo odumileyo Russian - iVolga, uLena, Kama, Northern Dvina kunye nabanye. Esiphambanweni hlathi Yenisey kunye OB. Xa amahlathi coniferous of ichibi inkulu eRashiya ibekwe - emaqandeni, Rybinsk, Kama. Ukongeza, ehlathini kukho amanzi amaninzi phantsi komhlaba, ezichaza ubukho bemigxobhozo (ingakumbi kumantla eSiberia Canada). Ngenxa sezulu onomoya kwaye ukuxovwa eyaneleyo, apha kukho uphuhliso olukhawulezayo zehlabathi izityalo.

hlathi ongu-

Area Nature yohlulwe sub-zayimimandla emithathu, eyile ezahlukeneyo iimeko zemozulu, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

• North. Lubonakala ngokuba ezibandayo. Apha, ebusika ngqwabalala kunye nehlobo epholileyo. kwimimandla emikhulu izwe okuhlala marshland. Amahlathi kwiimeko ezininzi, undersized, kukho nespruce eliphakathi-ertyisi, pine.
• I-avareji. Esibonakala nokumodareyithwa. Imozulu ziingcathu - ihlobo efudumeleyo, kubanda, kodwa hayi ebusika frosty. Amadobo ezininzi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. ukufuma High. Trees ukuphakama eqhelekileyo, ubukhulu becala uhlume nespruce-evame.
• South. Apha kukho ke izilwanyana ezininzi ezahlukeneyo nezihluma, amahlathi coniferous. Hlathi admixture iye zodonga imithi kunye neentlobo broadleaf. Imozulu zifudumeleyo, ehlotyeni ezahlukeneyo ashushu, okuhlala phantse ezine iinyanga. zokuxinana kwamanzi Ukuncipha.

iintlobo ehlathini

Kuxhomekeka izityalo iindidi ezininzi hlathi. Ezona amahlathi ukukhanya coniferous kunye coniferous. Ngenxa imithi kukho amadlelo evelayo kwisiza kwamahlathi.

• uhlobo Coniferous. Ikakhulu kuthunyelwa eSiberia. Kwakhona ifumaneka kwezinye iindawo (i Urals, Canada). Ifunyanwa kwindawo yokothula imozulu kabukhali njengezwekazi, esibonakala imvula ezininzi kunye neemeko zemozulu wobulali. Enye iintlobo zemithi iqhelekileyo nompleyini - hlathi heliophilous ummeli. Ezi mahlathi eliphangaleleyo kamnandi. Larch - olunye uhlobo eqhelekileyo. Woods kodwa lula ngaphezu pine. imithi ingahluka ezinqabileyo, "Jer" ezinjalo ngoko imvakalelo ezisemaphandleni evulekileyo.
• Dark udidi coniferous - eqhelekileyo i kakhulu kumntla Yurophu kunye iintaba (Alps, zeAltai iintaba, i Carpathians). indawo yayo ise entabeni kwimozulu epholileyo, ebonakala ukufuma eliphezulu. It esilawulwa fir kunye nespruce, na konwele azixhaphakanga, pine emnyama coniferous.

umhlaba emifuno

Emva kwenkulungwane ye-19, akukho namnye ekwabelwana iindawo zendalo, kunye iiyantlukwano zabo awohluke ayaziwa. Ngethamsanqa, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi geography ifundwa iinkcukacha, kunye nalo lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko luyafumaneka. Hlathi ihlathi coniferous - imithi, izityalo, amatyholo ... Yintoni flora uphawu umdla kule ndawo?

In ehlathini - eliqhelekileyo okanye akukho undergrowth, apho kungenxa yokuba ukukhanya, ingakumbi iintshinyela ezimnyama. Kukho moss efanayo - njenge umthetho, kukho zingafunyanwa kuphela inkangeleko eluhlaza. Ukukhulisa amatyholo - currants, wom kunye namatyholo ezincinanana - cranberries, iiblueberries.

uhlobo Ihlathi kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu. Ukuya kwicala ngasentshonalanga hlathi luphawulwa ukubusa nespruce kunye Siberian. Kwiindawo esezintabeni uhlume amahlathi nespruce-fir. Ukuya ngasempuma udlulisela larches ezisebenzisanayo. kunxweme Okhotsk yokwahlukana kobutyebi kweentlobo zemithi. Ukongeza abameli Conifers, lugcwele hlathi kunye nemithi avuthulukayo. Mixed amahlathi iqanjwa-Aspen, alder, ezinde.

Izilwanyana eli hlathi

Izilwanyana amahlathi hlathi coniferous yi ezahlukeneyo ezizodwa. Ulikhaya iintlobo ngeentlobo izinambuzane. Akukho kukho critters ezininzi kangaka ezinoboya, kuquka ermine, Sable, nomvundla, weasel. iimeko zemozulu mahle izilwanyana ungenzi nto, kodwa esingamkelekanga ukuba izidalwa zinegazi elibandayo. Ehlathini omiweyo ziintlobo nje ezimbalwa emanzini nasemhlabeni. Inani labo eliphantsi enxulumene busika. Ezinye abemi bebeziqhelanisa lonyaka ebandayo. Abanye babo baye kulala okanye oopopayi imisiwe, kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukuhlala braked.

Zeziphi izilwanyana zihlala emahlathini coniferous? Hlathi, apho izindlu ezininzi izilwanyana intabalala yokutya, luphawulwa ubukho ezidla ezifana lynx, ibhere elimdaka, ingcuka, impungutye. Live apha ungulates - deer, inyathi, iielk, amaxhama. Ngomhla amasebe emithini, naphantsi kwazo baphile iimpuku - beaver, oonomatse, iimpuku, chipmunks.

iintaka

Xa Jer indlwane iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-300 zeentaka. Uhlobo ekhethekileyo iqatshelwe hlathi kwimpuma - likhaya loMmandla icula iinkuni, nezom icula, iintlobo eziliqela izikhova nezinqolamthi. Amahlathi luphawulwa ukufuma aphezulu namachibi ezininzi, ngoko apha ezithandwa kakhulu eqhelekileyo zasemanzini. Ezinye abameli babeziindleko coniferous kufuneka zifuduka ebusika ukuya ezantsi, apho iimeko ubukho kakuhle ngakumbi. Phakathi kwabo, Siberian Iyeza kunye nehlathi songster.

Le ndoda ehlathini

umsebenzi Human akusoloko kuluncedo ngobume bendalo. imililo ezininzi ezibangelwa ukungakhathali kunye nabantu ungacinganga, amahlathi kunye nelothe kwemigodi ekuthotyweni ubungakanani kwamahlathi zehlabathi isilwanyana.

amaqunube Ukukhetha, amakhowa, amandongomane - kwiklasi eqhelekileyo, ethandwayo phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba hlathi yasekwindla. amahlathi Coniferous i umthengisi enkulu kwezibonelelo iinkuni. Apha kukho imali enkulu lwezibonelelo zendalo (ioli, igesi, ngamalahle). Ngenxa komhlaba ofumileyo linonophele, kwimimandla esemazantsi ezolimo zaphuhliswa. Ezisasazwa isilwanyana kufuywe nokuzingelwa kwezilwanyana zasendle.