Amahlathi Broad-namasango angabi nakuvalwa: omsebenzi osemqoka, uncedo, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana

Ummandla wehlathi eliqingqiweyo liseManchuria, eMpuma Ekude, ngaphakathi kwendawo epholileyo yaseYurophu, empuma yeChina, naseNyakatho Melika. Kwakhona kuthintela inxalenye engezantsi eMzantsi Melika nakwezinye iindawo zase-Asia ephakathi.

Amahlathi avulekileyo aqhelekileyo apho kukho isimo sezulu eshushu, kunye nomlinganiselo wokunyusa nokushisa. Konke oku kunika izimo ezifanelekileyo ngexesha lokukhula. Amacwecwe amaqabunga emithi ekhulayo apho aphezulu, ngoko ke igama la mahlathi. Ziziphi ezinye iinkalo ezi ndawo zendalo? Amahlathi avulekile ahlala kwizilwanyana ezininzi, izilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo, iintaka kunye nezinambuzane.

Impawu

Iimpawu zamahlathi avulekileyo kukuba ziyakwazi ukwahlukana ngamacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo. Omnye wabo uphezulu, omnye usezantsi. Ezi hlathini zihlwitha, utshani olukhoyo lukhula emithathu emithathu, isiqulatho somhlaba simelelwa yi-lichens and mosses.

Enye into ephawulekayo yindlela yokukhanya. Kule mahlathi, ii-maxima ezikhanyisiweyo ezimbini zikhethwe. Iyokuqala ibonakala kwithuba lentsholongwane, xa imithi ingagqitywa ngamahlamvu. Okwesibini - ekwindla, xa amahlamvu egalela. Ehlobo, ukukhanya okulula kukuncinci. Imodi echazwe ngasentla ichaza ubungqonge bokhuselo lwengca.

Umhlaba wamahlathi avulekileyo ucebile kwi-organo-mineral compounds. Ziyabonakala njengesiphumo sokuchithwa kweetterter plant. Imithi yehlathi eliqhekezayo inomlotha. Ngokukodwa ininzi kula maqabunga - malunga neepesenti ezintlanu. I-Ash, kwakhona, icebile nge calcium (ipesenti ezingamashumi amabini ewonke). Kwakhona iquka i-potassium (malunga neepesenti ezimbini) kunye ne-silicon (ukuya kwipesenti ezintathu).

Imithi yehlathi elibanzi

Amahlathi alolu hlobo abonakaliswa yimithombo ehlukeneyo yemithi. Olu hlobo lokugqibela lunokubalwa malunga neshumi. Amahlathi avulekileyo ase-taiga, ngokomzekelo, ayanalo isisityebi kakhulu kule nkalo. Isizathu kukuba iimeko zesimo sezulu esinzima sisinakho ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kweentyatyambo. Abaninzi abafuna ukubunjwa komhlaba kunye nemozulu, iintlobo zeenkuni aziyi kuphila kwiimeko ezimbi.

Engxenyeni esezantsi yeTula kwingingqi ihlathi eyaziwayo. Unika ingcamango ecacileyo yinto enokuthi ibe ngamahlathi amakhulu. Umhlaba wale ntsimi ulungele ukukhula kweemithi ezifana ne- petiolate oaks, i- lindens encinci, i-holly ne-maple, imifula eqhelekileyo, i-elms, i-elms, iipulole zasendle kunye namapheya. I-oaks kunye nomlotha ziphezulu, zilandelwa ngamaplani e-holly, i-elms kunye ne-lindens. Iiplani eziphantsi komhlaba, iipereya zasendle kunye nemithi ye-apula. Njengomthetho, indawo ephezulu ihlala i-oki, kwaye imithi esele isebenza njengama-satellites.

Makhe siqwalasele ngokungakumbi iinkcukacha ezikhankanyiwe ngasentla ze-dendroflora.

1. Oak. Yona yintloko yehlathi elikhupha amahlathi amakhulu kwiindawo zaseYurophu. I-oak cherry ingomnye wemithi ende ekhulayo kwaye emikhulu. Kwenzeka kwakhona kwiindawo ezizimeleyo kwiindawo zokuzimela. Ngenxa yokwazi kwe-oki ukunyamezela ngokukhawuleza ukunyuka kwezihlahla, kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze i-solitaires enhle kunazo zonke ngeefomati, i-obovate, iifom zengqumbo ezinjengeentente.
2. Elm. Iintlobo ezinobulunga kunye neziqhamo zifumaneka emahlathini angama-non-chernozem. Le mithi emikhulu ibandakanya iqela eliphambili lehlathi le-coniferous-wided-laaved-laaved. Esidlulileyo esasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumyezo, kodwa kutshanje lo mkhuba uye wanqanda ngenxa yokusasazeka kwesi sifo njengesifo saseDutch se- elm.
3. IAsh eziqhelekileyo. Isityalo sifinyelela kwimitha engamashumi amathathu ukuya kwamashumi amane ukuphakama. Lo mthi ubonakaliswe ngumbombo ochanekileyo, ukugqithwa kwegreyiti elula (kunye nokuhamba kwexesha kuya kuba mnyama), i-fishnet evulekile ephuma kwi-sun. Inkqubo yengcambu ixinaniswe kakhulu, inamandla, i-inflorescences ininzi kunye ne-paniculate. Uphawu oluhlukile luyimfuno ephezulu yokubunjwa komhlaba. I-Ash evamile yenye yeentlobo eziphambili zokuzalisa ukhuseleko lwentsimi. Esi sityalo esibushushu nesithandanayo, asiyinyamezeli amaqabunga entwasahlobo. Ukuqhuma komlotha kwenzeka ngoMeyi, inkqubo yokuvelisa impova iqhutyelwa ngoncedo lomoya. Ixesha lezityalo zivuthwa ngo-Oktobha-Novemba. Bawa okanye ebusika, okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
4. Ihlathi laseBeech. Ukuqhubela phambili ukuhlaziywa kwemithi apho ikhula ehlathini elibanzi, umntu akakwazi ukuyikhankanya. Ifikelela kumitha engamashumi amane ukuphakama kunye neyure enye neekhilomitha ububanzi. I-bark ye-beech ibomvu ngokugqithiseleyo, amaqabunga ayilliptical. Iindawo zokusasazeka kakhulu - entshona yeYurophu, iCaucasus, eCrimea. Ixabiso eliphambili lehlathi le-beech liseziqhamo zalo. Izityalo zivuthwe ukususela ngoSeptemba ukuya kuOktobha. Ziba malunga nama-30 ekhulwini ahlanganiswe neoli ewomileyo ewomileyo, inani elifanayo lezinto ezine-nitrogenous. Iziqhamo ezixabisekileyo zicebile kwi-starch, ushukela, i-acids (i-aple kunye nemon), i-tanins. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-alkaloid enetyhefu ebizwa ngokuba yi-phagin inepropati yokubola xa izitya zokugcoba. Ngoko kuphephe ngokupheleleyo kwimpilo yabantu. Ukususela kwisiqhamo kukuvelisa indawo yekhofi, kwifom yomhlaba bayongezwa kumgubo oqhelekileyo xa wenza imveliso yefriji. Inkuni ye-Beech yinto enokubhenkceka kwaye ihlala ihleli.
5. Imephu. Amahlathi avulekileyo kwingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRashiya, kunye neCaucasus, ibonakala njengendawo efanelekileyo yokukhula kweemaple (holly) eziqhelekileyo. Le mithi ikhula ibe ngamamitha amabini ubude. Amagqabi abo awona mkhulu, aluhlaza okomnyama, azinzihlanu. Umbala wegxolo uyigrey. Amahlumela kunye namagqabi alo mthi asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zempilo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezi zipho zendalo ziquka isixa esikhulu se-ascorbic acid, i-alkaloids, i-tanins. Iintlobo kunye neengcambu ziphatha amanxeba, ukuvutha. Baphinde bakhiqize i-choleretic, i-diuretic, i-antiseptic kunye ne-analgesic effect. Abaxhamli bezonyango bayazi kakuhle ukuba yimiphi imithi kwihlathi le-broadleaf inenzuzo kakhulu. Ngoko, amaqabunga kunye namahlumela e-maple ayanconywa ukuba unyango lwe-jaundice, isifo seentso zesibongo, ukukhupha isicaphulelo kunye nokuhlanza.

Iifom

Izilwanyana zamahlathi aphakamileyo zibonakaliswe ngamacwecwe amakhulu namagqabi amakhulu. Ngenxa yoko babizwa ngokuba yi-oak groves ebanzi. Ezinye izityalo zikhula kwiimodeli ezinye, azize zibe yimimandla engenakwenzeka. Abanye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bakha uhlobo lwekhaphethi ehlanganisa iindawo ezinkulu. Ezi zityalo ziphezulu. Phakathi kwabo, kuphawulwe ukuba umntu oqhelekileyo ulahliwe, i-filbert sedge iluhlaza kwaye i-zelenchuk iphuzi.

Uninzi lwezityalo ezihlambulukileyo ezikhoyo kwihlathi elibanzi liphela. Bahlala kwiminyaka emininzi. Njengomthetho, ubukho babo buxhaswa ngokuveliswa kwezityalo. Imbewu ivelisa kakubi. Isici esichaphazelekayo salezi zityalo yinkangala ephantsi komhlaba naphantsi komhlaba ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwimizila eyahlukeneyo kwaye inomdla ngokutsha kwimimandla emitsha yomhlaba.

Amanqaku angentla angaphantsi kwenxalenye yabaninzi abameli be-oki ebanzi ingca efa ekwindla. Ziyodwa iingcambu kunye nee-rhizomes ezisemhlabeni. Kuzo zifumaneka kwiimfuno ezikhethiweyo, ezivela kuloo ntshumo entsha.

Ngaphandle kwemithetho

Abaninzi abamele ubuncwane obanzi bahlala beluhlaza ebusika nasehlotyeni. Izityalo ezinjalo ziquka ezi zilandelayo: inqanawa, i-greenchamber, i-hege eboya.

Izihlahla

Ngokumalunga nalaba babameli beeflora, kunzima kakhulu ukuzihlangabeza emahlathini amaninzi. Akunjalo nje ngeempawu zehlathi le-oak, ezingenakutsholwa malunga namahlathi e-coniferous, apho amahlathi ekhula khona yonke indawo. Ezona ziqhelekileyo zi-blueberries kunye nee-angonberries.

"Ihlathi elimnandi" le-oki i-ephemeroids

Ezi zityalo zimela umdla omkhulu kwiingcali ezifunda iifama zehlathi. Phakathi kwabo yintwasahlobo yentswasahlobo, i-buttercup, ii-crinches zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-anyanisi ze-goose. Ezi zityalo zihlala zincinci ngobukhulu, kodwa zikhula ngokukhawuleza. I-Efomeroids ikhawuleza ukuba ibonakale ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba iqhwa liwile. Ezinye zikhawuleza zikhula zigqithise ngekhephu. Kwiveki kamva, ubuninzi beebini, iiflethi zabo sele zihluma. Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, isiqhamo nembewu zivuthwa. Emva koko, izityalo zilele emhlabeni, zitshintshile, emva koko inxalenye iphezu komhlaba. Kwaye le nqubo ivela ekuqaleni kwexesha lehlobo, xa, njengoko kubonakala ngathi, iimeko zokukhula nokuphuhliswa ziphezulu. Imfihlelo ilula. I-Efmeroids inesigqi sayo sobomi, eyahlukileyo kwishedyuli yasekuqaleni yophuhliso lwezinye izityalo. Ziqhakaza ngokuqhakaza ngokupheleleyo kuphela entwasahlobo, kwaye ihlobo lixesha lokubuna.

Ixesha elifanelekileyo kakhulu ekuphuhliseni kwabo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngeli xesha lonyaka, inani eliphezulu lokukhanya liyabonakala ehlathini, njengoko izihlahla kunye nemithi engazange izuze isiqulatho sayo esibanzi. Ukongezelela, ngeli xesha ixesha lomhlaba lizaliswe ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngokuphathelele ukushisa kwehlobo ephezulu, i-ephemeroids ayifuni nhlobo. Zonke ezi zityalo zihlala ziphela. Abatshabalali emva kokuba inxalenye yabo iphela. Ukuphila izimpande zangaphantsi komhlaba zimelelwe ngamatye, ama-bulbs okanye i-rhizomes. Ezi zitho zisebenza njengemithwalo yezondlo, ikakhulukazi isitashi. Yingakho isiqu, amaqabunga kunye neentyantyambo zivela ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza.

I-Efomeroids isasazwa ngokubanzi kwiifama ze-oki ezisezantsi. Ingqikithi kukho iintlobo ezilishumi. Iintyatyambo zazo zifakwe kwibala ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza. Ngexesha le-ephemeroids yeentyantyambo yakha i-carpet ebuninzi.

Moss

Amahlathi avulekileyo aseRashiya yindawo yokukhula kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi. Ngokungafaniyo namahlathi e-taiga apho ezi zityalo zenza isimbozo somhlaba oluhlaza obumnyama, i-mosses kwi-oak groves igubungela umhlaba ngokungabanzi. Inendima ye-moss kumahlathi aphakame kakhulu kunokuthobeka. Isizathu esiyinhloko kukuba i-leaf litter yehlathi elichithwayo liyabhubhisa ezi zityalo.

Zezilwanyana

Izilwanyana zamahlathi aphakamileyo aseRashiya zizingqungquthela, izilwanyana, iinambuzane, iindonga kunye neentonga. Ulwahlulo olugqithisileyo lubonakala kule mimandla engabonwa ngumntu. Ngaloo ndlela, emahlathini ase-widleaf, unokubona i-roe deer, inyamazane, inyamazane, inambuzane, inambuzane ebonakalayo kunye nodumo, i-moose. Iqela lezilwanyana ezixhamlayo limelelwa yimpungushe, izimpisi, i-martens, i -ermermines kunye nee-weasels. Amahlathi avulekileyo, iifama ezityebileyo kunye neentlobo ezihlukeneyo, zihlala ekhaya kumabhola, ama-squirrels, ama-muskrats kunye nezondlo. Ukongezelela, le mimandla ihlala ngamagundane, iilati, i-moles, i-hedgehogs, i-crush, i-snakes, i-lizards kunye ne-turtles.

Izilwanyana zamahlathi aphakamileyo-ama-larks, ama-finch, i-chiffchaff, i-tits, i-flycatchers, i-swallows, i-starlings. Kukho kwakhona iindawo zokukhala, iinduku, i-black grouse, i-woodpeckers, i-claws, i-jackdaws, i-hazel grouses. Iinyoni zexhoba zimelelwa yimikhosi, amaqhweba, amaqhweba, amaqhweba kunye neenyanga. Iimifumba ziyindlu yeeders, iigranes, iifolon, iigun, iidada kunye neeese.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, amahlathi athatywayo ahlala bisonsi. Ngoku, ngelishwa, kukho ezimbalwa ezishiyekileyo. Ezi zilwanyana zikhuselwe ngumthetho. Bahlala eB Belovezhskaya Pushcha (kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus), kwi-Prioksko-Terrasniy Reserve (iRussia Federation), kwamanye amazwe aseNtshona Yurophu nasePoland. Izilwanyana ezininzi zazithunyelwa eCaucasus. Apho bangabamelwane abanebison.

Inani lezondlo ezintle liye lafumana utshintsho. Zaba ngaphantsi kakhulu ngenxa yezenzo ezimbi zendoda. Ukuqithiwa kwamahlathi kunye nokulima kwamasimi kuye kwaba yingozi ngenxa yezi zilwanyana ezintle. I-Deer ingafikelela kumitha ezimbini nesigamu ubude kunye namakhulu amathathu engama-kilogram engama-kilogram. Bona, njengomthetho, bahlala emhlambini encinane yezilwanyana ezilishumi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ibhinqa ibaluleke kakhulu. Ekunye naye, uhlala kunye nenzala yakhe.

Ekwindla, abesilisa baqokelela uhlobo lwabahlali. Ukukhunjulwa kwesandi sexilongo, ukugquma kwabo kuthathwa malunga neekhilomitha ezintathu okanye ezine ezijikelezayo. Inzala ephumelele kakhulu, ngubani ophumelele iimfazwe zabamncintisana nabo, unako ukuqokelela azungeze ukuya kuma-20 amabhinqa. Kwaye kwakhiwa olunye uhlobo lwesilwanyana semvu. Ekuqaleni kwexesha lasehlotyeni izalwane ziyazalwa. Ziyabonakala ekukhanyeni ezilishumi elinesibhozo ukuya kwiihilogram ezilishumi elinanye. Ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezintandathu bafumana ukukhula okukhulu. Indoda eneminyaka elilodwa ubudala izuza iimpondo.

I-Deer isondla utshani, amaqabunga kunye namahlumela emithi, amakhowa, iilenze, iindonga, umhlonyane onomona. Kodwa iinaliti ekudleni kwazo akulungile. Endle, inyamazane ihlala iminyaka engama-15. Ekuthinjweni, eli nani liphindwe kabini.

I-Beavers ngabanye abemi behlathi elibanzi. Iimeko ezihle kakhulu kuzo zibonwa eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. Ubunzima oburekhodiweyo beli silwanyana buyikhilomitha ezingama-30, kwaye ubude bomzimba buyingamitha enye. UBrorov uhlukanisa umzimba omkhulu kunye nomsila ohlambulukileyo. Iimbumba eziphakathi kweminwe yemilenze yangamazinyo zinceda ekukholeni ubomi bamanzi. Umbala woboya unokuhluka ukusuka kumbala omnyama ukuya kumnyama. Ukubethelela iinwele zakho ngeemfihlo ezikhethekileyo, iibhola ezikhuselweyo zikhuselekile ukuba zingabi manzi. Xa zibhaptizwa emanzini, iindlebe zalesi silwanyana sesilwanyana, kwaye amacinco avaliwe. Ukusetyenziswa koqoqosho kwomoya kumnceda ahlale phantsi kwamanzi ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. I-Beavers ikhetha ukuhlala kumanxweme amachibi kunye needolophu ezindala, kunye nemifula ekhoyo ngoku. Ziyakhangwa ziininzi zonxweme kunye nezityalo zasemanzini. Indlu ye-beavers ngumngxuma okanye uhlobo lwendlu, umnyango ongaphantsi kwamanzi. Amadama ezi zilwanyana zakhiwe kwimeko apho amanzi azinzi khona. Ndiyabulela kulezi zakhiwo, ulawulo lulawulwa, oluvumela ukuba ungene kwindawo yokuhlala ukusuka kumanzi. Ukubanjwa kwamasebe kunye nemithi emikhulu inikwe iibhokisi ngokulula. Ngoko ke, i-aspen ezintlanu ukuya kweesentimitha ezimasentimitha ububanzi ziyakunceda kulezi zilwanyana ngemizuzu emibini. Ukutya kwabo okuthandayo kukuhlanga. Ukongezelela, abaphambukeli ukuzonwabisa ne-iris, i-lily yamanzi, i-jug. I-Beavers ihlala kwiintsapho. Ulutsha luya kukhangela isibini kwisibini sonyaka wobomi.

Iingulube zasendle zenye iindawo ezinobomi behlathi elibanzi. Zinentloko enkulu kunye nesibindi esinamandla kakhulu. Izixhobo ezinamandla kunazo zonke ezi zilwanyana zibukhali obunxantathu, obuya phezulu nangemva. Ukubona kweebhokhwe akukuhle kakhulu, kodwa kuhlawulwa ngokuvavanya kakuhle kunye nokuqonda okuchukumisayo. Abantu abaninzi bafikelela kwisisindo samakhulu amathathu kilogram. Umzimba walesi silwanyana ukhuselwe ngumbala omnyama omnyama. Inamandla kakhulu.

Iibhotile zigijimi ezihle kakhulu kunye nabagijimi. Ezi zi lwanyana ziyakwazi ukunqoba ibhobho yokubhukuda yamanzi, ububanzi balo iikhilomitha eziliqela. Isiseko sokutya kwabo sisityalo, kodwa sinokuthi iibhotile zi-omnivorous. Ubumnandi babo obuthandayo bunamaqabunga kunye neentonga ze-beech, abayi kukhanyela amaxoxo, amagundane, iinkukhu, inambuzane kunye nenyoka.

Abameleli bezityalo ezihlambulukileyo

Amahlathi avulekileyo anemihlali, iimbunu, i-copperfinches, i-spindles, i-green and viviparous lizards. Ingozi ebantwini yiyo kuphela inyoka. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba iibhafile zinobuhlungu, kodwa oku akunjalo. Iindawo ezininzi ezihlambulukileyo zamahlathi avulekileyo yizinyoka.

Iimpawu zokhuseleko

Kwindawo amahlathi wofika (kwaye exutyiweyo) kwinxalenye yaseYurophu Russia svoebrazny yakha unxantathu, isiseko apho kubekwe imida yasentshona lizwe, kwakunye nencam ilala phambene kwiiNtaba. Ukususela kule ndawo ayizange ezazigqunywe yi ice lizwekazi ngexesha koqeqesho, isimo yayo becala onduli. Imiqondiso kakhulu ke lowo ubukho Valdai glacier wasinda kumntla-ntshona. Kukho izowuni ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo exutyiweyo amahlathi luphawulwa iinduli iimfumba ingalawuleki lwamawa aphakeme, ivaliwe amachibi kunye nezitya. inxalenye Southern wachaza intsimi emelwe amathafa gquma sesekondari leyo akhiwa ngenxa ukuya kunciphiso kwiindawo onduli kumphezulu bethana. Uncedo ephikisanayo kunye broadleaf lihlathi luphawulwa ubukho kwentlabathi weentili ezahlukenenyo. imvelaphi yazo - yamanzi-glacial. Baye waviness, maxa wambi kufunyanwa iindunduma zentlabathi libizwe.

amahlathi Coniferous-avuthulukayo le Russian Plain

Le ndawo ibekwe kwindawo kwimozulu epholileyo. Imozulu unomoya kakhulu yaye kufumile. Umhlaba ezi nkalo bazipheka-podzolic. Kufutshane Atlantic Ocean kukhokelele-mphandle. Uthungelwano umlambo emahlathini coniferous kwaye avuthulukayo yenziwe kakuhle. Amadama lubonakala ngokuba indawo enkulu.

Okubangwa inkqubo yeetyuwa ezininzi proximity komhlaba kunye nemozulu athi ndijonge. Lwiimi ziveleleyo izityalo inshorensi ingca abe ngamaphiko leaf ngokubanzi.

isiphelo

Broad-zodonga amahlathi kummandla Europe, ezidweliswe eziphila ezisengozini. Kwaye emva kwamakhulu amabini okanye amathathu eyadlulayo, ke enye yezona ezahlukeneyo kwi emhlabeni kwaye ibekwe enkulu eYurophu. Ngoko, kwi elinesithandathu-elinesibhozo eminyaka lithathe indawo indawo weehektare izigidi ezininzi. Namhlanje, oko akukho ngaphezu kwesinye ikhulu lamawaka eehektare.

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala lamashumi waphumelela kuphela siyinxalenye yeyona ibhanti broadleaved kakhulu elidlulileyo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane kwi iindawo ezingenanto baye bazama ukuba kukhule oki. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwaba nzima kakhulu: kokufa ooAshera Dubrov oselula conditioner iimbalela rhoqo. Nangona izifundo ziye lwenziwe, nto leyo eyakhokelela esiphambili odumileyo Russian Dokuchaev. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukusilela ukuba kukhule imithi ezintsha ezinxulumene ezinkulu ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, njengoko ngonaphakade kwatshintsha urhulumente zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye imozulu intsimi.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imimandla ngaphambili abemi amahlathi wofika, amahlathi aphakamileyo kukhula, kwakunye kumasimi ngumntu. Bona busa Conifers. Ngelishwa, njengoko iingcali uqaphele, nemiba kunye nolwakhiwo oki endalo ngeke wachacha.