Kweengcuka; iingcuka iintlobo, inkcazelo, umlinganiswa, indawo

Abantu abaninzi babe yinto yokunqakulisa wokwenene kwezi ezizingelayo eziyingozi. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukuba amabali ixelelwe abazingeli. Ngokufuthi bachazwa ngokuthi iingcuka smart, kwaye nokuba isilwanyana wengcibi yokuluka ke lowo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke uyazi ukuba ingcuka kwindalo kakhulu kunqabile ukuhlasela abantu. La marhamncwa eziqwengayo bakhetha ukuhlala kude kubantu, babefudula baphile ubomi bam, intsingiselo esisiseko apho iba othathe.

Iingcuka: Iintlobo iingcuka

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlobo kweengcuka kweli hlabathi ngomnye kwabambalwa. Le nkqubo ibandakanya abangama kweentlobo ezisixhenxe:

• Canis lupus (Wolf);
• Canis aureus (seempungutye vulgare);
• Canis latrans (coyote);
• Canis uRufus (wolf ebomvu);
• Canis adustus (esinemigca seempungutye);
• mesomelas Canis (udyakalashe omnyama-exhaswa);
• Canis simensis (Ethiopian Wolf).

Lo mkhaya Iimpungutye iingcuka, iimpungutye, wolf enesingci, raccoon inja.

yokuhlala

Izazinzulu bathi imvelaphi ingcuka kunye ezizingelayo ezidla elalihlala kwiplanethi yethu ikhulu lezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kunye neminyaka malunga nezigidi amabini eyadlulayo evela iingcuka zizinja baka. Njengoko iintlobo ezahlukeneyo Canis lupus abunjwe Asia kwiminyaka kwesigidi eyadlulayo, yaye ekupheleni Pleistocene, uye waba irhamncwa ixhaphakileyo.

iingcuka abhalwe eYurophu, eMntla Melika kunye Asia Ekuhambeni kwexesha zethu zokuhlala. Bona bahlala kwiindawo ezivulekileyo kunye nezo evulekileyo. Xa umda kumntla irhamncwa linonxweme le Arctic Ocean. ingcuka ubomi izidanga ukuya ku-16 inkululeko langasentla oweeneem Indian (South Asia),. Kule idlulileyo iinkulungwane ezimbini ezinesiqingatha lehla kakhulu inani lwezi ezizingelayo ezoyikekayo. Ukukhusela izilwanyana, indoda azitshabalalise nemikhosi abavela kwiindawo ezihlala abantu.

Nkqu nanamhla eJapan, kwiiBritish Isles, eNetherlands, France, Denmark, Belgium, Switzerland, e Central Europe kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kweengcuka. Iintlobo iingcuka kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo eYurophu kuqhubeka shwaka ngokukhawuleza.

Wolf isekhona eziqhelekileyo ezinkqantosini kunye neendawo entabeni Kazakhstan, kwi eyetundra ihlathi emathafeni. Iimpawu kweengcuka, leyo izintlelo ezininzi ezizodwa, uthi kummandla ingcuka kakhulu Womendo - it iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela ezininzi, ubungakanani ezahlukeneyo, umbala, indlela yobomi endle.

Izazinzulu, Izazi zenyathi elinesibini ezininzi ingcuka. Bantu inkulu bahlala kumathafa, kweyona incinane - kwimimandla esemazantsi. Ubunzima isilwanyana abadala zingaqala kg-18 ukuya 80, ubude bomzimba wabo ukufikelela 160 cm, ubude umsila imalunga ezingamashumi cm.

wolf umbala

Kuba buxhomekeke kakhulu kwi yokuhlala. iimpawu ingcuka, uhlala Arctic, uthi badla kukho abantu abamhlophe. Kwakhona kwezinye iindawo kukho eminye imibala - wolf abamnyama nabamhlophe, ukwahlukahlukana engwevu namhlophe, umbala nesinamon, mdaka, maxa wambi kukho ngokupheleleyo uboya emnyama.

Ezidla ezihlala North America, kuba nezigaba ezithathu umbala. Lokuqala - umxube ongwevu, emnyama kunye nesinamon kunye ithinti emdaka. Second - black (umxube limnyama ukuya abamnyama). Isigaba sesithathu - grey kunye omdaka.

coat

idyasi Excellent ezi zilwanyana zasendle. Wolf uye Uboya elingqingqwa (Ubude ukuya neesentimitha ezisibhozo). It has a Uboya zamafu. Umaleko engaphandle eyenziwe elide, engqongqo, iingcebiso abamnyama kweenwele yentolongo, dudula amanzi kwaye musa Uboya manzi.

wolf amazinyo

Iingcuka zikhali ezinamandla. iingcuka Types, ngaphandle kwendawo yazo, 42 kuba amazinyo nzima yaye abukhali. Ezizayo 4 pyatisantimetrovym kujikwa aso - ezimbini emazantsi ezimbini ngaphezulu. lula nomzingeli ilume ngokusebenzisa densest ulusu kwixhoba. A ezidla iingcuka abadala (izinyo) amazinyo hlafuna ekwaziyo nkqu elk ithambo ethangeni.

ingxenye

Izilwanyana ezivela le nja, yaye iingcuka ziya kuquka digitigrade. Ngamanye amazwi, zihamba, Esayama Walatha ngophakathi wakhe. Kuphela xa irhamncwa eya, athe wachukumisa emhlabeni kunye izithende bakhe. Ngemilenze wolf inamandla kakhulu, enkosi umthwalo ngokufanayo eyabiwa isilwanyana ndingatshoni kungena ikhephu ethambileyo.

paw nganye phambi ingcuka iye iinzwane ezintlanu, kodwa emine kuphela. Ezihamba ngamathupha azo abe imvuthuluka ezingenanto aphuhliswe kakuhle neminwe buthathwa eyi- exineneyo elimbhoxo. esiphelweni olomeleleyo kancinane buthuntu kukudibana nento izikhonkwane emhlabeni. Wolf ayisebenzise xa imba emhlabeni.

Iingcuka Move ukubaleka, yokutsiba kunye ukuphala. Ngexesha izinga abahambayo malunga ezintandathu kunye iikhilomitha ngesiqingatha seyure nganye. Ukubaleka zibaleka ngesantya iikhilomitha ukuya ku elinesithandathu ngeyure nganye. Kangangethuba elide ingcuka enokuqhutywa phantse non-stop. Kukho iimeko xa la marhamncwa ezinobungozi ukuhamba umgama ukuya kwiikhilomitha nekhulu ngabusuku bunye.

Isivamvo sokujoja nokuva

Lobo Iimpawu uthi ekuzingeleni ayikho ezindlebeni okanye amehlo, oko kukuthi impumlo inceda ingcuka wokuqala ukufumana ixhoba. Abambe umoya ivumba isilwanyana ezincinane kakhulu, nto leyo imi kumgama ozikilometa ezimbini. Akwaziqonda etsolo ivumba kwenza kube lula ukuba balandele umzila ixhoba labo.

Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi kuswela amarhamncwa neendlebe ezibuthathaka. Akusiva isandi, babeza ukuhamba iindlebe zabo kwaye uqala ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo apho isandi idla ibekwe kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa.

pack Wolf

Usapho kweengcuka kuye, kwezinye iimeko ukuya kubantu elinesihlanu, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi oku kuyenzeka, izilwanyana ezisibhozo. Umhlambi - iqela owned usapho-kwezilwanyana bobudala ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le nto ndiyibhalayo ngabazali, ingeniso (okanye nzalandini kunyaka) kunye pereyarki (izilwanyana ayifikanga ukufikisa). Maxa wambi kuquka nezilwanyana abadala, hayi inxaxheba yokuzala.

Ebudeni beminyaka, ukutya izityebi kwi pack ukuba ndawonye ukuya kweengcuka-30 okanye ngaphezulu. Inzalo kuhlala ekhaya kangangeenyanga 10-14 aze ahambe ngayo. Ngenxa yoko kukho ingcuka yodwa. Yena uya eyofuna ummandla simahla, nto leyo nangoko ephawula, abathi amalungelo abo kuyo. Njengoko umthetho, isilwanyana kungekudala ifumana iqabane lakhe kunye nomhlambi entsha. Nangona kukho iimeko apho ingcuka yodwa uhlala ixesha elide ngaphandle pack.

Lobo usapho - ngendlela self-elawula. Kwiimeko apho Ubuninzi babantu iphantsi kakhulu, ubukhulu bayo encinane, ukwahlulwa wenzala oselula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Xa iimeko zendalo zivuma ngakumbi, lo ukunyuka nengxinano yabemi, ngoko ke nokwandisa ubukhulu bezinto pack,, ukuya umda ethile. Njengomgaqo, ukukhula kwayo kubangelwe nestaynym wolf oyedwa, nto leyo unikwa isikhundla owayamileyo.

Stacey ukhokela amarhamncwa isibini - ingcuka, inkunzi kunye nentombi yakhe, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, ethanda yobomi. Ngenxa yoko, xa ipakethi kweengcuka isiphathele engundoqo kunye iwonga ophezulu entlalweni, kwaye baphantsi kwabo. Iinkokeli pack abe umlinganiswa kakhulu, nto leyo yenza ukuba ugcine umyalelo usapho ukuthintela ukungqubana nokulwa, ingakumbi phakathi kweengcuka abaselula.

Zokuzingela ngesakhiwo ekhaya

A umhlambi uyasinda Bulelani ubungakanani namadlelo ayo wokuzingela, ngoko amarhamncwa abakhusele ngolunya. Umda kwiindawo ezinjalo zingaqala amahlanu ukuya eziliwaka elinamakhulu amahlanu ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Iingcuka ngokuphawula indawo yabo, hayi ukuba ingumona Owasemzini onobuganga bophule imida yayo.

uphawu Language

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingcuka ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zabo izijekulo nembonakalo yobuso. Lobo ulwimi kunceda yokuhlanganisa umhlambi enze ngayo umbutho. Ngokomzekelo, xa nomsila isilwanyana iphakama, netiphu yawo egosogoso kancinane, nto leyo ethetha ukuba irhamncwa siqinisekile. Friendly mood wolf ubamba umsila ubuza, kodwa kwincam wamvusa kancinci. Nomzingeli, umsila phakathi kwemilenze yakhe, okanye esoyika into, okanye ingxelo novelwano.

Ukongeza, indawo umsila nto isixelela ntoni nobume isilwanyana pack. Inkokeli usoloko phezulu bawuphakamisela, kunye nabasebenzi waligcina eli umsila base-. umsila, utshaba ukuloyisa simema izalamane zabo ukuba badlale.

inkonzo enhle

pack inkokeli yabo ukubonisa intlonelo kunye nokuzinikela kwitheko amukela. Ufike iindlebe zakhe, ukukhasa, kunye neenwele tight-mpuluswa, bona ngononophelo ukusondela inkokheli kunye neqabane lakhe, wayimunca kwaye ngobunono zabaluma ubuso babo.

wolf ukudla

Isiseko yokudla kweengcuka ezi ungulates ezinkulu - amanene kunye nawo, neula yiSAIGA, iielk, iibhokhwe kunye neegusha. Xa engekho loo ingcuka ukutya uzingela iimpuku, imivundla, akufane utya ndibutyabeke ngomswane. Kwimimandla apho kukho ixhoba, iingcuka akafunyanwa okanye zifumaneka ibe ncinci kakhulu. Ezidla kutsala zoqhaphelo olukhulu imfuyo. Emantla, kwiingingqi kunye nophuhliso emfutshane neenyamakazi phambi kweengcuka - Kuyaziwa.

Ngomhla kummandla Russia banjengeengcuka kakhulu eqhelekileyo. Iintlobo kweengcuka kulo ilizwe lethu baziwa kakuhle. Kukho nje ezintandathu:

• wolf nemithi Srednerussky;
• ndiyingwevu;
• emathafeni;
• zehlathi laseSiberia;
• abaseAfrika;
• Mongolian.

wolf gray

Le ummeli ingcuka yeyona ixhaphake kakhulu ehlabathini. Inkcazelo kweengcuka ezingwevu ngoku ifumaneka kuzo zonke labobalawuli Izazi. Imela ngenxa ubukhulu bayo. Inkangeleko yalo irhamncwa olungenayo ungunyana wabanumzana. Kuyabonakala, ngoko ke waba ligorha ukuba ababhali nje ababhala ngayo izilwanyana.

wolf Gray inokufumaneka eYurophu, eMelika kunye Asia. Wadiliza, umzimba obomeleleyo ebanzi esifubeni ezinkulu, abade, imilenze eqatha, shiya Alithandabuzeki elokuba phambi kwakho nomzingeli yokwenene. Le ingcuka abe ebunzi enkulu, kodwa ke ngelo xesha entloko esifanayo eziphambili kunye ngeendlebe amancinane ezihonjiswe ngemivumbo ezimnyama, ezithi zibekwe malunga nemihlathi amatshatshazi phantse amhlophe kwaye eliqaqambileyo kakhulu phezu kwamehlo. Umsila ayikho ezinde, phantse tye.

Le uboya inde (ukuya iisentimitha ezisibhozo) kunye, ingubo zamafu kabini. SeMbasa izilwanyana ezihlala kwimimandla engundoqo kunye nakumazantsi, rough. Iingcuka evela kwimimandla esemantla kufuneka uboya ethambileyo kunye anoboya.

wolf Russian

Oku a ohlobo ezizodwa ingcuka hina, ephila kumantla eRashiya. wolf Russian - enye zenyathi ezintlanu awayengabemi kummandla lwelizwe lethu. Canis lupus communis (wolf Russian) - ngoko ke isilwanyana ekuthiwa ezi ngcali Koloni. I-avareji eyindoda zalishumi ukusuka ngeekhilogram ezingama-40 ukuya 80, imazi ngomgubo wengqolowa obunzima buziikhilogram ukusuka 30 ukuya 55.

wolf eSiberia

Oku akuthethi noko ukuba isilwanyana enkulu ingcuka Russian. Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba namhlanje olu hlobo kodwa ekwanti ngokuqhelekileyo njengoko systematics abaxhaphaza zaseSiberia akukagqitywa. Ezi zilwanyana kuba imibala ezimbalwa. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke gray okhanyayo. anemibala imbola ngokulambisa ebonakalayo okanye engekho ngokupheleleyo. Uboya ayikho eziphakamileyo kakhulu, kodwa kakhulu ubukhulu kunye ethambileyo. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwiMpuma Ekude, ena, (ngaphandle kumathafa), kwiMpuma eSiberia Transbaikalia.

Steppenwolf

Esi silwanyana incinane thile ngaphezu abameli ohlobo yehlathi. Kuye nonwele baberhabaxa kwaye kwaphela. On umbala umva ngakumbi ubukho ephawulwe nengwevu kunye umhlwa, yaye ngokufuthi brown. Kulo mzekelo, Emacaleni gray okhanyayo. Namhlanje le ingcuka inokufumaneka kumathafa lweCaspian kunye Urals, kwingingqi Lower iVolga. Iintlobo ayiqondakali yaziwa. Okwangoku liphuhlise inkqubo iimpawu isici. Inani yezi zilwanyana esezantsi, ingakumbi kwizithili esentshona ndawo.

wolf abaseAfrika

Esi silwanyana fanele ukuya ezizingelayo naphakathi. wolf abaseAfrika ineenwele abalindi baberhabaxa kwaye elifutshane, lo Uboya kangaka luyalambatha. Umbala yale isilwanyana mnyama kakhulu ngaphezu koko kwezi ntlobo ochazwe ngaphambili. Oku kungenxa ukwabiwa efanayo kweenwele labalindi abamnyama apha esikhumbeni.

Kwilizwe lethu siphila iindawo Main Caucasus Range, kuquka eentaba zayo wamahlathi.

wolf Mongolian

Kodwa ke ingcuka yeyona incinane abahlala kummandla Russia. Ubunzima isilwanyana omdala akufane ngaphezulu kwamashumi amane eekhilogram. uboya bakhe buthuntu, umbala omdaka-zingwevu, baberhabaxa kwaye babenobungonyama. Olu hlobo isasazwa empumalanga nomzantsi-ntshona we-Trans-izimvu, kwakunye kwi Territory Primorsky.

tundra wolf

isilwanyana ezinkulu, ezintle. photo kwakhe ubona ngezantsi. Ubude bomzimba amadoda ngabantu angaphezulu 150 cm. Carnivores kuba uboya elide, ezithambileyo kunye nesithokothoko. Umbala - imibala ukukhanya. Kwilizwe lethu, ingcuka uhleli ehlathini-eyetundra kumathafa yekhasi inxalenye yaseYurophu eKamchatka kunye eSiberia.

Srednerussky (imithi) ingcuka

irhamncwa enamandla ukuba uhlala ehlathini emathafeni kunye emathafeni izowuni Russia, ngokufuthi colonizes kunye Western eSiberia. Kwiindawo esemantla iphawulwe ukufika kwayo ehlathini. Nangona Kuthathwa ukuba inkulu eYurophu Asia ke ingcuka kumathafa, ummeli yale zenyathi kudla mkhulu ubukhulu bayo.

umzimba isilwanyana abadala babe ubude kuma-160 cm, kunye nokukhula kwayo ifikelela imitha. Kakade ke, ezi mpawu ezenziwa ukuba abantu inkulu. Kwi-avareji, umntu oyindoda omdala ubunzima 45 kg, pereyarok (unyaka 1 iinyanga 8) - 35 kg, nenzuzo (iinyanga 8) - 25 kg. Wolf lula nge-20%.

Irhamncwa has a Classic, zibe nombala ongwevu ngokundibamba imbola umbala. wolf Srednerussky ohlala emahlathini kumbindi weRashiya, kudla ngokuba lingena ukuya entshona eSiberia. Kwimimandla esemantla engena emathafeni.

wolf polar

Le isilwanyana entle enamandla, ohleli le Arctic. Polar Wolf ngokugqibeleleyo lungqanyaniswe nemozulu ngqwabalala. Ukususela imimoya ebandayo lihlaba, lukhuselwe nge ingubo eshushu kunye ashinyeneyo.

Le mbono kweengcuka ezahlukeneyo namehlo abukhali akwaziqonda obalaseleyo ivumba ukunceda ekuzingeleni kwi izilwanyana ezimbalwa abahlala kwezi ndawo ngqwabalala. inani elingonelanga lomxhesho yebhayoloji nokuxanda ekuveliseni ukutya kukhokelela ekubeni umhlaseli sidle ixhoba ngokupheleleyo, kungasali amathambo, akukho isikhumba lixhoba layo.

I-avareji ubunzima zezilwanyana kg-60 ukuya 80, ukuphakama 80 cm. Okumangalisayo kukuba, isilwanyana kwimeko hunt aluphumelelanga unako ukuphila ngaphandle ukutya kangangeeveki eziliqela. Noko ke, ngoko ke ingcuka siyakwazi ukudla ngexesha elinye ukuya buziikhilogram ezilishumi inyama. Iingcuka abahlala kummandla Russia, akalawuleki ngaphezu North America. ukuhlasela yabhalwa abantu.