Yintoni ebukhali: ukujonga ngokubanzi

Wonke umntu owaziyo ngaphantsi okanye owaziwayo ngokuqaphela umculo, uyazi ukuba xa wakha iindidi zezikali kunye nomculo wokubhala, iimpawu zokuguqulwa zivame ukusetyenziswa. Izinto eziphambili zibukhali kwaye zicwebile. Ukongeza, abaqambi banalo uphawu lwebhekri, olukhusela ukuphakamisa okanye ukunciphisa isandi samanqaku. Kule meko, sithetha ngeentlanzi.

Yintoni ebukhali?

Ngokuphathelele inqobo ngokwayo, intsingiselo yegama elithi "ebukhali" livela kwiLizwi lesiFrentshi, i-Greek diesi, engachazwa ngokuthi "ukuthambisa". Lo mqondiso wokuguqulwa waqala ukusetyenziswa ngentshiseko ekuqeshweni komculo, okuthandana nawo malunga nekhulu le-15, kunye nezinye izibonakaliso ezimbini ezisisiseko (i-flat and bekar).

Namhlanje le miqondiso iyisiseko. Ngaphantsi kaninzi kukho iimpawu ezinjenge-double-sharp and flat-flat. Ku-bekar (ukukhansela zonke iinguqu kwisandi samanqaku), isiqalo esithi "kabini" asisetyenziswa namhlanje.

Yintoni ebukhali ngokwemfundiso yomsindo wamanje? Lo ngumqondiso obonisa ukunyuka kwisandi senqaku kwi-semitone, emele kwikampu yomculo emva kwayo. Ngaphezu koko, inqaku linyuswe ngetoni yesiqingatha kunye negama leli gama ligcinwe. Ukusetyenziswa kwesibonakaliso esibukhali kungabini. Unako ukuma kwindawo ephambili. Emva koko onke amanqaku awayebhekise kuwo, kuwo wonke umsebenzi okanye kwisikolo siya kuvuswa ngesiqingatha. Ukuba ubukhali ngokubalulekayo, ngamanye amaxesha kufakwe ngqo kwi-bar ukuvumelanisa isandi esiyingqayizivele. Kodwa kuphela kule meko isenzo somqondiso silinganiselwe kwisilinganiselo esisodwa. Ukongeza, ukukhutshwa kwenyathelo lokunyuka kwinqanaba kungasungulwa ngoncedo lwe-bacar ngomlinganiselo ofanayo, emva koko (ukuba kuyimfuneko).

Ukuhambelana nemimiselo yokuguqulwa

Ngokubhekiselele, oko kuthetha, ukuhambelana kweempawu, ubukhali kunye ne-bacar, iplati kunye ne-bekar inokusetyenziswa ngokulandelelana kolunye uhambelane. Kodwa ubukhali kwaye buqilima-akakho. Oku kubangelwa yimimiselo yomculo kunye nemigqomo.

Inyaniso kukuba okwangoku kukho ukwabiwa okucacileyo phakathi kweentlobo zezikali. Kuzo zonke, ukulandelelana okhethekileyo kwemiqondiso eneenkcukacha ezisetyenzisiweyo, kubonisa uhlobo okanye igama le-gamma. Ngamanye amagama, ngaphandle kwamanqaku ahlanzekileyo, ezi zivunyelwe utshintsho kwisandi. Ngoko kuyacaca ukuba ukuba i-tonality eyisisekelo okanye i-gamma esekelwe kuyo umsebenzi womculo unamaphepha abukhali kuphela kwisitshixo, akukho mbuzo malunga nawaphi na amaflethi.

Ngamanye amaxesha kuvela ukuphazamiseka. Abaninzi abanomdla we-thrush bavame ukuphikisa ukuba isimbolo somculo we-thrash-metal sisekelwe kumxhesho wokubophezela kweengqungquthela kunye ne-tonic kunye ne-B okanye isichasiselo kwisimo sokunciphisa isihlanu. Le yiphutha elipheleleyo. Inyaniso kukuba xa ekuqaleni sineenkalo kwi-E-encinci kunye ne-fiasi kwisihluthulelo, i-B-flat apha ayikwazi ukuba khona.

Enyanisweni, i-Quinta yesibini ayisekelwe kwi-B-flat, kodwa i-la-sharp. Ngoko ke utshintsho lwexesha lokutshintsha. Oku akusiyonto encinci, kodwa ikota ekhulisiweyo. Ngoko ukuqonda okubukhali kunokuchazwa njengoluhlobo lwemvume yokwandisa isandi seenkcukacha ezichazwe ngokucacileyo okanye amanyathelo athile.

Kukho enye inkqubela. Inyaniso kukuba i-la-ebukhali kunye ne-B-flat sound sound efanayo kwiimpahla zonke. Yintoni ebukhali kule meko? Oku kukunyuka kwinqaku elithile ngethoni yesiqingatha (kulo mzekelo, a), ngokuhambelana nokunciphisa kwinqaku elilandelayo (elilandelayo kwikampu yomculo) kwimizuzu efanayo yesiqingatha (kulo mzekelo, si). Ngoko izinto ezinjalo azikwazi ukudideka.

Imiqondiso ephambili kunye nencazelo yezikali

Ngoku ngamagama ambalwa malunga neempawu eziphambili nemigaqo yokwakha okanye ukuchaza ezinye iintlobo zezikali. Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, ubukhali (okanye ubuninzi) kwiindlela ezingundoqo ukwandisa inqaku ngesiqingatha (okanye amanqaku ambalwa) kwizinga lonke okanye ingoma yomculo. Kutheni malunga nokuloba, ukuba kwiiflethi kukho umyalelo othile, ngokuya kuthi bakulandele ntoni kwisitshixo emva kwesinye.

Ukuze ulungelelaniso olubukhali, oku kulandelelana kubonakala njengalolu hlobo lulandelayo: fa / ukuya / ityuwa / re / la / mi / si. Ulandelelwano lweeflethi luyi-order order. Ngomqondiso okanye iimpawu kwiisitshixo, ungakhawuleza uxelele ithoni. Eyona nto inkulu, itoniki ibalwa ngokuhambisa i-ton toni kwi-key yokugqibela ephilileyo, eyona nto ilungile. Ubuncinci bunokumiselwa ngokwakhiwa kwethathu encinci kwi-tonic enkulu okanye ukuhamba ngokulandelelana kweenkqantosi ukuya kumqondiso osekusekhohlo kwangaphambili.

Ukwenza kucace, njengomzekelo, thabatha isitshixo ngeempawu ezintathu eziphambili: U-F-ukhangele, ukhangele phambili kwaye abukhali. Umqondiso wokugqibela kweli tyala ityuwa ebukhali. I-polton up usinike i-la note. Le yile itoniki. Oko kukuthi, yiGamma kwi-A enkulu. Umncinci omncinane wesithathu u-F-ubukhali. Kwakhona, ukugxuma ngaphaya komnye obukhali, siyabona ukuba u-F-ubukhali. Njengoko ubona, yonke into ilula.

Isiphumo

Mhlawumbi, ngoku kuyacaca ukuba yintoni uphawu olubukhali. Ukuphakamisa inqaku ngesiqingatha yinjongo yakhe ephambili. Into kuphela endifuna ukuyiqwalasela: ayiyikudibanisa ukusetyenziswa okubukhali kunye nesitrato kwisitshixo esinye okanye umsebenzi.