Vietnam: inkolo kunye neempawu zayo

Xa sijonga Vietnam ngeenkolo kwimaphu, ngoko ukumgibisela iimpawu ezimbalwa emehlweni. Okokuqala, lo kwilizwe apho kungekho unqulo oluxhaswa ngurhulumente: Vietnam ukumelana kwiicawa ezahlukeneyo. Okwesibini, amahlelo zonqulo emelweyo eVietnam kwiimeko ngokubanzi. Ukongeza iimfundiso ezintathu ezinkulu eMpuma (zobuTao, Buddhism nobuConfucius), apha unako umKristu kunye nezithethe Islamic ukufumana. Kukho kwakhona iimfundiso lenkolo lendawo - i SESHUMI Hoa kunye kaodaizm. Nangona abantu abaninzi musa bazigqale esikolweni zenkolo e Vietnam inkolelo olomeleleyo izinyanya imimoya: phantse yonke indlu ungabona isibingelelo encinane imifanekiso kwabafileyo, eneminikelo yokudla nentlaka emhlophe.

Mahayana Buddhism

ObuBhuda Vietnam ohlala mhlawumbi indawo akhokelayo phakathi kwezinye iinkonzo, inani amarhamente yi malunga ne-15% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke. Wazabela ikakhulu ngokohlobo Mahayana waza wabonakala ngenxa lendela Indian kwi BC ngenkulungwane II Ngexesha lolawulo Ly Dynasty (ngenkulungwane XI), ubuBhuda yayigqalwa unqulo karhulumente (ngoku kweli lizwe ngaphandle ihlelo lonqulo ezisemthethweni). Kuyinto khona eVietnam Hinayana Buddhism ne Zen nobuBhuda.

Nangona uninzi lwabantu ibekwe yokungabi ubuBhuda woyisa Vietnam, unqulo isasazeka phakathi onke amacandelo oluntu ngaphakathi kwimbali yeli lizwe. Vietnam akukho ezixineneyo yi pagodas WayengumBhuda izindlu ngomthandazo, kodwa izinto ezinomdla kakhulu zingafunyanwa xa oyifunayo. Kufuphi Phan Thiet eziqhelekileyo kubakhenkethi, nto leyo kufutshane kumazantsi eli lizwe, kuba imbaxa engcwele dha - entabeni Taku. Kude kube kamva nje, ukunyuka ukuya oko ukuhamba kuphela, phakamisa bakhonza ngaphezulu kweeyure ezimbini. Noko ke, kufanelekile ukuba: ukongeza umthandazo, pagodas entsonkothileyo eziliqela kunye ehlathini yokwenene apha lo mfanekiso inkulu eVietnam - Buddha kakuhle elele phantsi. ukuphakama kwayo ngu 11, kwaye ubude - 49 eemitha. Kuye kwaqulunqwa i-imi- 60 lwekhulu XX kwiminikelo neemonki nemikhosi. sesichengeni Ukusoloko amanzi luchaphazela kakubi lesikhumbuzo, ngokunxulumene kuso oluqhutywa ukubuyiselwa rhoqo.

Sekunjalo, Vietnam, unqulo iphambili ngoku - Buddhism - lizwe maloreligioznaya ngenxa ngokugcinwa izinqumo.

UbuConfucius nobuTao

UbuConfucius weza kwinkulungwane XV eVietnam: unqulo Chinese kubekwa UbuBhuda, apho wanako ngelo xesha. lwakhe lwaya iimfundiso ezifunyenweyo ngasentla, apho uninzi yempembelelo waphawula inkcubeko Chinese.

Meaning ubuConfucius Vietnam enkulu: ngokungqinelana nale ideology wabeka karhulumente isiseko isixhobo nezenzululwazi liqulunqe ixesha elitsha. De kwinkulungwane XIX, ubuConfucius uye wagcina ubume unqulo karhulumente, kwande phakathi yezikhulu.

Ngokuphathelele iimfundiso Lao-Tzu, asinakukwazi ukuba ebonakalisa ngokwalo ngokupheleleyo njengonqulo of Vietnam ukwamkela iingqiqo ezintsha kunye zivalele ngokwale kunye neenkolelo babo basekuhlaleni, kuthetha ukukholelwa izinyanya nemimoya.

UbuKristu eVietnam

inkcubeko christian imelwe eVietnam kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa alawulwa ubuKatolika: malunga ne-7% abemi namaKatolika.

Impembelelo yaseYurophu yaqala kamva kunokuba eMpuma, ngoko bevangeli kuphela kwinkulungwane XVI lamaKristu kufika Vietnam. Hi ndlela leyi, omnye wabo, Alexandre de Rhodes, sancokola Umsunguli oonobumba Vietnamese esekelwe kwi-Latin, phambi Vietnam wasebenzisa yokubhala yamandulo efana Chinese.

Kakade ngawo Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVII eVietnam kukho ababingeleli yeBhayibhile yamaKatolika yokuqala in Vietnamese. Ke kaloku abaninzi amaKatolika kukho kwiphondo kumantla Ninh Binh nakwelasezantsi - Donegal.

UbuProtestanti wabonakala eVietnam ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX kwaye isasazeka kakhulu kubantu bezizwe ezincinane. AmaKristu phantse njengongekhoyo esikolweni lizwe, kwaye kufuneka ukuba batyelele kwi abasebenzi amazwe.

Islam

Ngabazalwane Vietnam bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini. Okokuqala - olu hlanga yamaMuslim Champa (kukholelwa ukuba wabaseki Islam Vietnam). Iqela elikhulu Muslims yesibini - abo bamkela ukholo emva komtshato okanye ummeli umtshato elingumxube phakathi Vietnamese futhi Muslim.

Ngomhla kummandla engundoqo kunye nakumazantsi Vietnam kwinkulungwane XVI kwakukho ubukumkani Champa. Ekuqaleni, abantu Cham abathi ubuHindu, ngoko wajika waya Islam. Yaba nombulelo lowo Islam yanwenwa Vietnam. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, malunga nama-80% aseleyo Cham amaSilamsi, Noko ke, inani labo lincinane.

Modern Vietnam AmaSilamsi zimbalwa yaye thile ingadibani ngentsebenziswano yazo ngo-nkonzo kwamanye amazwe. Ngokupheleleyo bona bahlala kwimimandla ekwanti ezantsi, apho kwakhona iinkolelo abantu eqhelekileyo.

Religion Cao Dai and Hoa aaron

Ezi lehlelo zimbini zimele kuyondelelaniswe bulumko East kunye isiko lamaKristu kunye izakhi nemimoya. Bavela kuphela 30 lwekhulu XX kwaye ngakumbi ngathi sisiphambusa, usilwa phakathi kwabo kunye ndawonye. Xa ukwabiwa, ngathi iicawa ezininzi Vietnam, - kumazantsi eli lizwe. Kuphela kutsha nje iye urhulumente waqalisa ujonge Hoa yan kunye Cao Dai onyanisekileyo ngakumbi, ukuvumela ubambe amanye amasiko.

Nonqulo Cao Dai na imeko buqu Yindibanisela iingcamango dha ka ubuConfucius, nobuTao, Islam kunye ubuKristu, oko kukuthi, njengokuba kolo. Hoa Hao naye unqulo syncretic, kodwa ke igxininisa kakhulu ingcamango dha.

Inkolo eyangena Vietnam ukusuka empuma nasentshona. sengqondo Gay kwaye sivulelekile ukuba kwizizwe zeli lizwe eziqhubekayo angaphandle negalelo mnogoveriya ukunwenwa kunye polytheism.

Imephu zonqulo Vietnam

Xa ukhangela Vietnam kwimaphu, ungenza ukubamba iimpawu andise amaqembu enkolo alo ilizwe: uninzi lwabo zibekwe ukuya kumazantsi eli lizwe. indawo efanayo ukukholelwa ingakumbi olomeleleyo iziporho ezahlukeneyo kunye izithixo. Kumazantsi eli lizwe - indawo apho indibaniselwano phakathi eyimfihlakalo Vietnam, unqulo Western, iimfundiso baseMpuma. Iyamangalisa.

Vietnam, inkolo - iikhonsepthi xa idibene ukunika result yokuqala kakhulu. iitempile yaseYurophu kunye amabandla Asia khangela engaqhelekanga kakhulu, kwakunye neemosque Muslim. Ukongeza, nayiphi na inkolo e Vietnam ithwala imizila iinkolelo lwemveli kunye memory kwabafileyo. Yaye ekugqibeleni - abathembekileyo Vietnamese, ubuninzi musa ukuthobela imithetho engqongqo, ukubambelela, kunoko, indlela ephakathi.