Yintoni ebangele imfuneko kwinkqubo yokubuyiselwa mandative? Eyona engundoqo ezingalunganga zolawulo umabhalane

uhlobo an karhulumente - zesiganeko elikhethekileyo kwimbali sokumiswa Russian. Le nkqubo iye yaguquka kwiinkulungwane ezimbini yaye nendima ebalulekileyo ekomelezeni sokumiswa Russian. Yintoni ebangele imfuneko yokuguqula inkqubo mandative kutheni uphulukene intsingiselo yalo - funda ngezantsi.

Ukuvela odolo

Imfundo inkqubo yolawulo mandative kukuba ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15. Ukungabikho lonxulumelwano phakathi nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni ukubonelela ulawulo karhulumente rhoqo phezu kwimimandla enkulu kunye kude. Abo amaziko sele kwamiswa ngelo xesha, akazange abe ngokucacileyo imisebenzi. Phakathi ubudlelwane esichitha-chithwe kwaye yimiyalezo phakathi kwintsimi ezahlukeneyo fiefdoms ixesha elifutshane kwakukho "imiyalelo", ebizwa "iinkundla" okanye "odaka". imisebenzi yawo yagcinwa ukwenziwa komyalelo samandla ophakamileyo. Abathetheli ngokuqhelekileyo siphathiswe umyalelo ethile - "umyalelo" - izinduna zakhe bakwazi ukumisela nokujonga. Ibinzana elithi "kuba ukuze" ngaloo mihla kwakuthetha ukuba aphathe ekufundiswa ngqo amanene nokuhlola ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

oda uxanduva

Isibakala sokuba imisebenzi-odolo angaphambili norhatyazo kakhulu, ngokutsho ezi zibakala zilandelayo:

- oda okuzenzekelayo ezahlukeneyo yethuba elifutshane isenzo;

- amaxwebhu engenayo abhekiswe kubantu abathile hayi naliphi na iziko;

- indlela kwemiyalelo kubulawa ngokusekelwe ebizwa ngokuba "esiqhelekileyo yomthetho", ngoko ke akukho isiseko eqhelekileyo mthetho ezifunekayo ukuze uphumezo ecacileyo zicacileyo nemiyalelo, ngoko - yehle impumelelo yolawulo.

Le izizathu eziphambili oko kubangelwa imfuneko wokuhlaziya indlela mandative.

I odolo zokuqala

Amaziko yokuqala kunye nemisebenzi karhulumente ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ichazwe ngokucacileyo eyavela kwinkulungwane yama-16. Yayiyingozi inkqubo yolawulo eRashiya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV-XVII. Oku kungenziwa zihlelwa ngezizathu indawo esebenza okanye nempahla.

ngezigaba oda

Isigaba sokuqala ekunokuthiwa imiyalelo, waba umaqhuzu wakomkhulu kunye nemicimbi yemali. Oku ikakhulu umyalelo Palace, nto leyo unoxanduva lokugcina uqoqosho Prince, walawula amazwe kunye nabantu bonke ababephethe empilo i-Prince Ibhotwe. IMbasa kaNondyebo Great owayephethe ukuqokelela irhafu ngqo kunye iinkozo kubalwa, Huntsman wayalela owayephethe koovimba kunye nemihlaba nokuzingelwa Prince nabanye.

Udidi sesibini ophetheyo kulawulo emkhosini ukuqinisekisa enesihlwele esinzima kwi yenene. Fletcher wadala odolo, nezikrweqe, Pushkarsky kunye nabaphambukeli kunye nezinye.

Udidi wesithathu imiyalelo imisebenzi ezizodwa sokwahlulela advantageously. Order Local wayenza ecaleni zepropati, lackeys, elinamandla (kamva - nomcuphi) owayephethe ezintolongweni kunye nemicimbi kwamapolisa kulwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nemiyalelo Zemsky kumapolisa kunye kweliso nezigwebo phezu yabemi eMoscow.

Iqela lesine - abasemagunyeni bendawo. Inani odolo zephondo ndawo wakhula kunye nenani iqhotyoshelwe kwintsimi Russian. Ngoko ke, kukho imiyalelo koqeqesho - Ryazan, Vladimir, Dmitrov, yaye kamva - Siberian, Russian Little, kunye nabanye.

Udidi sesihlanu sidibanisa ezizodwa ulawulo. Ngokomzekelo, kwakukho umyalelo Stone, ngubani onoxanduva ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo amatye, Yamskaya, onoxanduva ukuposa. Ekubeni kwakukho imiyalelo ixesha nakubuchule, avumba limnandi, Abameli-Sizwe kunye nabanye.

Iqela wesithandathu odolo wayephethe kwimicimbi yecawa. Oku kuquka umyalelo emishini, inkundla kwamadoda kunye nabanye.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe odolo ezahlukeneyo kwasekwa ngokuzenzekelayo, ulwabiwo ecacileyo loxanduva khange asebenze ngaphandle. Ezinye ii-odolo ayikwazanga ukunika izalathiso kwabanye. Ukulungisa lobudlelwane akhiwa imiyalelo yokudibanisa, nto leyo kwahlulwa zibe zii-odolo ezininzi ezinkulu nokunikezela. Ngoko ke, lo umyalelo Ambassadorial ukuya 70s kwenkulungwane ye-17 baqalisa ukuba ongamele Russian yeLittle kunye Novgorod. Ukupheliswa amagunya komyalelo wayengekho wokugqibela - ekuhambeni kwexesha akaba sizalwe njengeziko elizimeleyo kunye iseti ethile kwemisebenzi.

ngemali oda

Yayiyingozi inkqubo yolawulo ngemali ubukhulu becala ozenzekelayo. Kuba mali ishishini yangoku abethatyathwe kwindawo ethile, leyo eziqokelelwe irhafu ukuba iimeko zabantu ngabanye lwaye imali nezinye ii-odolo, okanye ukwenza irhafu ezizodwa. Ulawulo lokungena nokuphuma kwemali lwaqhutywa imiyalelo efana njengoko uyalele ngemibuzo imali wokulondoloza imali, umyalelo ukuqokelelwa njalo njalo. Enye impendulo umbuzo wokuba yintoni eyabangela imfuneko kwinkqubo yokubuyiselwa mandative uba isiphithiphithi nokuphuma kwemali ezigqithisileyo kunye ukungangqinelani phakathi imiyalelo ezahlukeneyo.

zokulungisa kaPetros

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkqubo yolawulo an eRashiya waqalisa ukusebenza "phantsi kwakhe", befuna izibonelelo ngakumbi nangakumbi, yaye onke kunye nefuthe kangako. Ushintsho kaPetros I indawo imiyalelo iibhodi lixesha ebonisa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo, umahluko ocacileyo phakathi umthetho, yolawulo kunye namandla kwezomthetho. Konke oko kubangelwa imfuneko kwinkqubo mandative utshintsho kufuneka abaye waya elidlulileyo, kunye nokuqaliswa iindlela ezintsha zolawulo, ebize eRashiya kunye beza amandla kukumkani-wenguquko.