Yeyiphi ukukhetha ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi: ncomo, ukulinganisa. Yintoni na ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi kungcono ukukhetha?

Inkqubo pension kwi Russian Federation sakhiwe ngendlela yokuba abemi zivumelekile ukuba zizenzele izigqibo apho ukwalathisa imali: ukuyilwa i-inshorensi okanye iintlawulo inxalenye ngemali. Choice abantu bonke de 2016. Iminyaka emibini elandelelanayo, ukukwazi ukusasaza imali emsebenzini. Yonke imali amaRashiya kwimivuzo (22%), yakha inxalenye inshorensi ye pension. Ngoko ke, lo mbuzo lihlala, hlobo luni na ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi bakhetha ukwenza le misebenzi: yoluntu okanye yabucala?

Le yomhlala kwakheka?

Ngaphambi kokuba isigqibo ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi ukukhetha, ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha ubume pension. Le ntlawulo loluntu iquka engundoqo, kwaye amalungu inshorensi lonyuselo. Eyokuqala lisetwe isixa esiqingqiweyo kwaye kucaciswe gca umthetho. Insurance kunye inxalenye exhaswe kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Umqeshi utsala 22% Imirhumo yenyanga yomqeshwa ngamnye,-16% kuwo ngqo kuseko inshorensi inxenye, 6% - lonyuselo.

Inxalenye enkulu iya iintlawulo ezikhoyo mhlalaphantsi mazibalwe ngohlobo izibophelelo zikarhulumente kubemi ethile. inxalenye exhaswayo lifakwa kwi-akhawunti ngamnye yomntu inshorensi. Kuyinto le mali kwaye nokulawula ngobuchule. Ukuba imali hayi bakhubazekile umntu ukuphuma ngexesha lomhlala-phantsi, kufuneka imali. Wonke ummi egqiba uthembe inkqubo: PF yoluntu okanye yabucala.

Ndilufumana njani imali enkulu? Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka inxaxheba kuseko nophuhliso lwezakhono. Ukongeza scheme inshorensi enyanzelekileyo, unako kwakhona inxaxheba co-ngezimali inkqubo, kusekwe ipension zokuxabangela. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukwazi ukukhetha indlela ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi. Ukuphononongwa, ukukala, iimeko zomsebenzi, iinkonzo zolondolozo olongezelelweyo - zonke ezi parameters neempembelelo kukhetho lo mbutho ethile.

kokugcina utshintsho

Ukususela 2014 inxalenye ezongezelekayo ye pension lifinyele kwi-2%. Oku kubonakala kakhulu xa isixa kweentlawulo elizayo. Abo akhetha ukugcina imali yabo, nkqu 2013 bamfuna NPF. Efuna ukulawula imali imali yazo yomhlala phantsi wafunyanwa abaninzi. Insurance inxalenye yentlawulo, oluthi luqokelelane yi FIU, lowo zoMqulu kwezinga lokwenyuka kwamaxabiso, kwaye ngemali - yi-Code yoLwaphulo ye inqanaba inzuzo okanye NPF. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ke umbuzo hlobo lwengxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi ukukhetha oko.

NPF

mali yomhlala Nonstate - yinto ngumbutho ongenzi nzuzo ukuba wadalwa ngenxa pension le baseRashiya. umsebenzi wayo lilawulwa ngumthetho. APF and RPF senze inshorensi ummi kwicandelo inxenye nesixhaswa ngemali. Emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi umntu uqala ukuba ahlawule ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi, ebalwa ukusuka ubungakanani mali eyenziwe kwi-akhawunti eyahlukileyo. SPC uqukumbela isivumelwano umxhasi nganye.

Kutheni Ndicinga malunghana ni mhaka leyi, apho ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi kungcono ukuba yonke imisebenzi efanayo yenziwa yi RPF? SPC isasaze kuphela inxalenye inkxaso ye pension. Kanye njengokuba umntu ngamnye kufuneka isigqibo apho ukuthenga isixhobo nkqubo liability insurance, okanye OMC, i baseRashiya bakhululekile ukukhetha umbutho, nto leyo eya kujongana zabo unikezelo yokonga.

ubungozi

Umsebenzi NPF nganye kulawulwa yimithetho federal, kunye neenkampani ezizimeleyo. Ukulawula imisebenzi yeNkonzo Federal ukuba imarike mali oluthile, kwaye arhente nokubekwa i abakule depositary. Kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ukhethe njani ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi. ncomo Umsebenzisi inokuba kakhulu ezikhathazayo. Kufuneka isebe ukufumana ulwazi umbutho othile.

izilinganiso

Yintoni kungcono ukukhetha ingxowa-mali yomhlala - yenye yeyona mibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo. Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kufuneka uwazi SPF mlinganiselo kwi-arhente "Expert RA". Inika uvavanyo Injongo uninzi imibutho esebenza kwi Russian Federation ngokusekelwe ngokulinganayo inzuzo nokuthembeka.

uvavanyo Ingcaphephe ye Fund - isevisi ihlawulwe. Ngoko ke, ukuba lo mbutho nto zimelwe kwezi zixeliweyo, oko akuthethi akuthethi ukuba ayisekho isebenza inxaxheba kurhwebo lwasemakhaya. Nangona kunjalo, kukho inkxalabo ukuba kutheni le fund akathandi ukubhengeza ulwazi malunga inqanaba inzuzo yalo. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi kunye nemibutho efana akufuneki. Noko ke, nkqu imali ezinkulu babe neengxaki zemali. Ukuba NPF ekhethiweyo iya uyathinjwa, zonke iimali ezingasetyenziswanga kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu-ziza kudluliselwa FIU.

Rating - isikali lokuthelekisa inzuzo lo mbutho. Sithabathela ingqalelo yonke imida kwi Fund emarikeni. Ngokutsho eyabelwe ratings, wonke ummi nga ngokuzimeleyo ukukhetha phi nokutyala imali. Ngako oko, isigqibo sokuba ukutshintshela iimali umntu ngamnye kuthatha ezabo.

Inkqubo yokukhetha

Maxa wambi, wonke umntu uya kujongana umbutho ezifana-mali yomhlalaphantsi - yeyiphi ukukhetha? Rating eyabelwe iingcali arhente ngamnye, kuphononongwe zekota kunye neziphawuli zokusebenza ngonyaka 25. Ngokusekelwe kolu qikelelo, APF baziindidi ezinjalo kukuthembeka:

• «A ++» - kumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu.
• «A +» inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu.
• "A" - kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
• "B ++" - kwinqanaba elamkelekileyo.
• "B +" - inqanaba ngokwaneleyo.
• "B" - inqanaba eyanelisayo.

Kukwakho iklasi liphantsi "C», «D» kunye «E». Yintoni na ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi kungcono ukukhetha? Ukuphonononga musa ukunika uvavanyo kwinjongo yombutho, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba bajolise kwi-NPF simiso esingekho ngaphantsi kwe «A».

Indlela ukutshintshela kwenye ingxowa-mali?

Ukuba isigqibo sokugqibela malunga ukukhetha indlela ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi (yoluntu okanye yabucala), sele yenziwe, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola ngokweenkcukacha umba ukubhalwa nokusebenza. Ukubeka yokugcina, kufuneka sifakwe kunye nesivumelwano umbutho ekhethiweyo kwi-inshorensi esisinyanzelo ze ulingenise kwi-FIU isicelo efanelekileyo. Tshintsha isigqibo kwi-inshorensi wonke ummi Andisenako kaninzi ngonyaka. Ukuba umba ngokutshintsha mali yomhlalaphantsi wabuya wavuswa ngenxa okokuqala kwiminyaka emininzi, kuya kufuneka kuqala ukuze sazi kakuhle apho ukuqokelelana ngummi. Olu lwazi lungafumaneka kwisebe yasekuhlaleni RPF.

ngaba Ndizifumana njani yam imali eseleyo kwi-akhawunti?

Nyaka ngamnye, nge-1 Septemba NPF nganye kufuneka athumele inkcazelo umntu inshorensi ngemeko-akhawunti yakhe umhlala-phantsi, iziphumo imali zotyalo-mali. iingxelo efanayo karhulumente anisa PF njengenxalenye imali yomhlala phantsi. Ukuba isaziso ongezanga ngeposi, ungafumana simahla kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yolawulo lwengingqi RF Pension Fund ngokohlobo sisicatshulwa esithathwe akhawunti yakho. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka unikezele ingxelo, isiqinisekiso inshorensi kunye yokundwendwela.

Indlela yokulawula nokwanda?

Kuyimfuneko ukuba nzulu umbuzo ukuba ukhethe njani ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi. Customer ngempendulo malunga nemisebenzi ziyahluka kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle rating kufuneka kwakhona hlalutya iinkonzo ezinikezelwa ethile FIU.

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ingxowa-mali ngamnye uya ngonyaka ukuthumela inkcazelo malunga imali yomhlala phantsi bonke abantu inshorensi. Ezinye NPF ukuhlela kwi website yayo ezikhoyo kubathengi kwi "Akhawunti My". Apha uyakwazi ukufumana phandle i imali eseleyo kwi-akhawunti kunye kubonwe ingcaciso ngemiba yonke imicimbi.

Njengoko yokubeka yakwa?

Ngokomthetho wavumela iinketho eziliqela Thabitha. I-Pension zingahlawulwa ubomi, ngokohlobo yonxunguphalo okanye isixa-mali. Kwimeko yesibini, akukho ndlela eziye elaye kwinkqubo-sikhokelo co-mali ye-nkqubo okanye eyinkunzi umzali. Isixa semali lufakwa ukuba pension yi-5% okanye isalamane ngaphantsi kwimali iyonke umhlalaphantsi pension. Zonke iintlawulo ezenziwe NPF kunye PFR ayichatshazelwa irhafu.

lifa

mali yokonga pension zidluliselwa ezihlangwini kwiimeko ezinjalo:

1. Ukuba ngummi, ukonga imali, wafa phambi kokuqeshwa yabasebenzi pension, imali emfono ziya kudluliselwa ngokupheleleyo. Alandela ezi bamazwe ekubhekiswa kulo isicelo okanye abalandeli ngokuvumelana nomthetho. Kwimeko yokuqala ungakhankanya naluphi na mimoya. ubuso. Kwimeko yesibini sithetha ngalo izihlobo 1st (abazali, amaqabane kunye nabantwana) kunye 2 (nabazalwana, noodade, nabazukulwana) efolisiweyo.
2. Ukuba umntu wafa emva kokuba wamiselwa yabasebenzi pension, ngemali inxalenye kwaba ngokungenammiselo (okt. E. A kuthetha yenkqubo co-mali ayidweliswanga njenge intlawulo separate), lo ezihlangwini uza kuba nemali.
3. Ukuba ungummi uye wafa emva ulawulo iintlawulo ngokukhawuleza, iindlalifa banelungelo lokufumana SPV abaseleyo.

Kuzo zonke ezi meko, iintlawulo rhafu.

indlela yokwenza

Phambi kokuba kuphele iinyanga ezi-6 ukusuka kumhla wokufa loo mntu kufuneka ufake isicelo intlawulo eseleyo okukhona na ofisi lwengingqi FIU. Isigqibo esithathwe ngexesha ngenyanga 7 emva kokufa komntu, yaye wenza intlawulo phambi we-15 kwinyanga ezayo. Fumana zixhobo kuba eposini okanye zigqithiselwe akhawunti yebhanki.

Yeyiphi ukukhetha ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi?

imali Pension "iintlobo cwaka" owashiya yonke imali yakhe RPF, kodwa enyanisweni mali zilawulwa yi "Vnesheconombank", devalued phantsi kwempembelelo kwamaxabiso. Isivuno iyonke yebhanki-2010-2014. Oku kuthetha ukuba 44,25%, ngelixa izinga lokwenyuka kwamaxabiso bafikelela 58,65%. Xa Iimpawu inzuzo NPF ngaphezu komlinganiselo.

Yeyiphi ukukhetha ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi? Into yokuqala ukujonga uluhlu lwamaziko emfundo eziye kwinkqubo idipozithi isiqinisekiso. Kuba 2016 kwakubhalwe 32 SPF. Zero izivuno kuthetha ukuba ngeli xesha ilahleko kutyalo bazizisa. Ukuba NPF isebenza kumgaqo buyiselo, ihlawula ilahleko evela koovimba alo.

Ngokutsho "RusRating", i inzuzo kwiminyaka emi-5 edlulileyo waba "Le mali yomhlalaphantsi yaseYurophu," waba nako ukubonisa inqanaba imbuyekezo ye 102%. The Foundation iyalela imali yayo ndisezintanjeni kwiinkampani ezinkulu Russian, ezifana JSC "Freight One", "Magnet" yaye inkampani tar "Europlan". Ukuthembeka kwayo kuqinisekiswa angqina ezininzi zabathengi.