Cosmodrome Vostochny - replacement Baikonur

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba ukususela ekuweni yiSoviet kushishino isithuba Russian kwi uhlobo nkinga. Kwelinye icala, thina - oovulindlela isithuba, kwaye kwelinye - ilizwe ngaphandle spaceport yayo. Ewiliko wafunyanwa ngokukhawuleza - abasemagunyeni Kazakh wavuma ukuya kunikezela irenti Baikonur, becela ukuba loo nyaka-mali efana iindleko karhulumente kwinkxaso ezolimo. Kodwa ke, ekubeni omnye ukhetho, urhulumente ngelo xesha kwafunyanwa, oko utyikitye sokuqeshisa ogama gama uphela 2050.

Kodwa phambi ngokusesikweni pad kuqeshisa ukuzisa up orbit kunye enzima imijukujelwa le kuxhomekeka - hayi indlela yokuphuma, ngoko ngo-2007 umongameli kwi kulwakhiwo cosmodrome entsha kwi Russian Federation.

Ulwakhiwo cosmodrome Mpuma yaqala phantse nangoko, kodwa kule minyaka oko kuye zigqithe ngaphaya indawo zobunini ukumba emigodini. Kodwa ke imali ebekwe phantsi kwi-mali ekwakhiweni kwayo, wakhula kwisantya yesiqalo ngokwenene - xa amaxwebhu sokuqala isaziso ngemfano 81 billion engange, ngoko kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, yena zilahleka lenyuka laya kutsho kangangoko $ 300 yezigidi zezigidi ..

Thelekisa - malunga imali efanayo kunokubiza ebuncwaneni Sochi Olimpiki, yaye isixa-mali efanayo eyayichithwa sisingathe APEC summit. Ngamanye amazwi, le cosmodrome East, kungenzeka ukuba ibe yeyona projekthi nenxa urhulumente Russian ukususela perestroika.

Yintoni spaceport kangaka amakhulu kwaye iyabiza? Ngokutsho iiprojekthi, ngokuqinisekileyo ukuya ezantsi kwi ezine ezinkulu izikhuseli sungula zehlabathi yokuqalisa ngexabiso enzima kunye module emajukujukwini. Ukongeza, uya kuba kakhulu, kuba kuya kubandakanya kuphela ngaphezu kwewaka kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nezakhiwo, kodwa kwakhona anzima entsha yokuhlala imihla abahlala edolophini.

Cosmodrome Vostochny, ibekwe kwiMimandla Amur, kummandla kunye ngaphezu imozulu nzima, zidinga iindleko, nkqu imisebenzi wokulungiselela. Ngapha koko, okufana le zemozulu kwesimo ubushushu zone ukusuka thabatha 35 dibanisa ebusika kunye 40 ehlotyeni enyanzela bakhi ukukhokela uphuhliso umhlaba ukuya kubunzulu-70 eemitha. Iza kwandisa ngakumbi iindleko zomsebenzi kunye nemfuneko ukudala zonke izibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukusuka ekuqaleni, kuba indawo ekhethiweyo ayikho kuphela akukho unxibelelwano ubuncinane kodwa nkqu noololiwe.

Kwakhona, cosmodrome East, ukuba idrafti yoku sele yamkelwe, bekudidekisa ukuba iingcali ezininzi entsimini isithuba ukuba isondele elwandle. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo a plus - iindawo ezinkulu zingaziswa emanzini ngexabiso eliphantsi. Kodwa kwelinye icala, ukulungiselela nayiphi na imeko kaxakeka ekuqaleni, isithuthi likaxakeka phantse ikhulu ekhulwini linokuba uya kweyela elwandle, ngoko ke bakufumanisa ukuba kakhulu nzima ngakumbi kwimeko igqampe phezu kwelizwe elomileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, akukho mfihlakalo eyenziwa intloko yangaphambili ye-Arhente Space IsiRashiya ukuya ukutyalwa iiprojekthi yokwakha omkhulu onjalo, nixambulisana eziqulethe Baikonur kunye ukuhlawula irente e Kazakhstan kutshiphu kakhulu kunokuba kwakhiwe cosmodrome Vostochny. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, imiba geqe nodumo zazibalulekile kurhulumente ngaphezu umbuzo yeendleko, ngoko ke projekthi, nangona inkcaso ekrakra, waye lusasebenza.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuvulwa yesithuthi wokuqala andize kwisiza esitsha icetyelwe ngenxa 2018, kodwa ngenxa yokuba eli binzana liye kuqala luyekile 2014 ukuya kowama-2015, yaye emva koko wachukumiseka waza wenza unyaka emithathu-, ukuthetha malunga nokuchaneka nezicwangciso lokuqukumbela le kusekwangoko kakhulu.

Kodwa nayiphi na imeko, xa ubeke cosmodrome Vostochny, kuza kunikezela nje ukuzimela of Russia space, kodwa ke uphuhliso olukhawulezayo kummandla Amur.