Izixhobo yaMandulo: igama

Namhlanje, phezu izikrini maxa wambi kukho movie ngobomi womntu kokubhalwa kwembali. Kodwa yintoni na? I Cro-Magnon ukwenza ngexesha lakho elisecaleni? Zeziphi izixhobo bamandulo bunokubonwa ngexesha lethu?

Zonke ezi mibuzo uza kufumana iimpendulo ngokufunda eli nqaku.

meaning

Lo mbono yokuqala ukuvela kwimibhalo Karla Marksa. Yena ikuchaza ngokuthi "indlela yokugaya abasebenzi." Kungenxa ukuhlelwa kweziphumo kunye nokulungiselela periodization bonke nzima imveliso amanqaku,-nzulu waseJamani iye yaqinisekisa inkolelo yakhe yendaleko lwentlalo.

Abo ke, ukuba uwubeke ulwimi eqondakalayo ngakumbi, isixhobo - nasiphi na isifundo, sibonga ngalo sisebenza kwizinto zendalo kwaye ufumane izinto esizisweleyo. Umzekelo, ukuba uthatha umkhonto ze abulale le ndlovu, liya kondliwa wamambathisa sonke isizwe. Kulo mzekelo, nomkhonto - isixhobo ngokuzingela ukusebenza.

imisebenzi yabantu yamandulo

Ngokutsho kwithiyori Darwin, abantu bavela kwiinkawu. Eneneni, abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana iintsalela ezanyisayo, nto leyo isakhiwo ukakayi iinkalo iinkawu kunye nabantu.
Ramapithecus, Australopithecus, Pithecanthropus, indoda Neanderthal ... Eli nqanaba senguqu ehlabathini zezilwanyana umntu.

umbono wethu mihla kuthiwa sapiens nesintu (Homo sapiens), okanye Cro-Magnon. Ukuvela ekuso nexesha kwiminyaka 40,000 eyadlulayo.

Iimpawu ukuba bahlule abantu kwizilwanyana, ngoko kwakukho intetho kunye nesakhono ukuze sithathe isigqibo impembelelo iziganeko. Oko kukuthi, umntu oqeqeshelwe ukwenza izixhobo yamandulo yabasebenzi abamagama asazi, kodwa sinako ukubuyisela inkangeleko yazo.

Ngoko ke yintoni na ookhokho bethu? Yonke imigudu zaye swi ukusinda. Umlinganiselo wokuphila kwakungekho ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Yendlala, ezidla, iingxwabangxwaba kunye nezizwe ezingabamelwane, izifo - zonke ezi zinto nzima kakhulu ubukho kubantu bakudala.

Ngenxa yoko, ezingela, nokuhlanganiselwa zaye ekondleni isizwe. Yokuthunga bed zezintsu - ukuze zilungele abantu unombombiya amakhaya.

ukuzingela

Isiseko yokudla yomntu yamandulo inyama. Khula ukutya okuziinkozo kunye izityalo yemifuno, wayengase ungekabikho, yaye izityalo zasendle ezityiwayo lonke akunjalo rhoqo, kwaye musa ukukhula thickly. Ukongeza, amaxesha abaqolileyo, ubuninzi - amaxesha amabini ngonyaka.

Ngoko ke, baqala lokuloba engundoqo, esingethe nabantu bamandulo. izixhobo le Babefanelekile. Usenokuzibuza, silazi njani. Ngapha koko, yonke into yinto ekwaziyo kwiminyaka emininzi belele emhlabeni, baze basindiswe. Oku kunjalo, kodwa ithambo namatye encinane sengozini umonakalo, ingakumbi kumhlaba ekhenkcezisiweyo okanye owomileyo.

Ukongeza, namhlanje kukho izizwe ezininzi abasahlala phantsi kwenkqubo abangekaphuhli zoluntu. Le ngokuzingela kumazantsi Afrika, Australia, i-Pacific Islands kunye Amazon. Xa ndifunda ethnographers zande izinto ezazikho amakhulu amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Ingakumbi, Bazingele ngeentonga namatye. Kamva, kwakukho iimela nemikhonto intshengeca ngeenyembe, ukufana umkhonto. Ekuhambeni kwexesha wadalwa neengweletshetshe isaphetha neentolo.

Zonke ezi zixhobo yamandulo kunokumnceda umntu ukuba abe ngokukhawuleza kwaye yomelele ngaphezu izilwanyana ezingqongileyo. Ngapha koko, akukho amazinyo abukhali okanye neenzipho ookhokho bethu abazange.

ukubuthwa

Xa uphando izixhobo zamandulo, amagama bangaphuma endleleni. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi 'intonga-digger'. Indlela enye ukuze kuthi ngalo mbandela, nto leyo lithatyathwe iingcambu emhlabeni, kodwa nefolokhwe yena kude efanayo?

Ngokubanzi, inkoliso izinto zabantu mandulo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Okt, imela indawo nefolokhwe, ifolokhwe, izixhobo, maxa wambi ize. Ekubeni ekuveliseni izinto ezinjalo kwakunzima, izinto zaye kuthakazelelwa kakhulu kunene. Ingakumbi amagama elungileyo kunye nempumelelo zanikwa, baza badlula lilifa.

Umzekelo, lokuzuza amacwecwe, ayimfuneko ngemela, maxa wambi kube yimfuneko ukwenza ngaphezu kwekhulu izithonga kwi workpiece - ngumongo. Oku akusoloko lenyengane kukubola off kwicala elifanelekileyo, naxa besebenzisa ubugcisa bale mihla, ukuba asingethi, kudane impembelelo ilitye kwesiqhelo?

Ukuqokelela iziqhamo evela kumasebe usebenzisa izinti, amatye, ukumba - amaqhekeza ithambo, iimela, ukumba stick.

imveliso yokuqala

Ancient izixhobo lamandla oluntu abangekaphuhli baba eluncedo kakhulu. Le misebenzi yenzelwe ukuba amanyathelo baberhabaxa kwaye processing esisiseko. Malunga na izacholo zochuku kunye nomsebenzi afakwe ngayo iinkosi zaso akazange aye.

Thina sonke ngoku umphakathi eyaziwa kunye scrapers, nezitshetshe, apho kwenziwa ukususela sephepha kuqala, uze emva koko ukusuka kukubola. Kamva, kwakukho zokutshweza, amazembe kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Yeyiphi kuqala ekhathalele abantu ngaloo maxesha anzima? Safety, ukutya, ubushushu. Ubomi, bahlala kwi yokusabela yendalo - emiqolombeni, yeengxondorha, nemiwonyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, safunda ukwakha ooronta kunye nokwenza umlilo.

Malunga ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutya okhankanywe ngasentla. Yintoni na le ubushushu? Ziziphi izixhobo zamandulo, kulo mzekelo, kwaye zingasetyenziswa njani? Ngoko nangoko, siphawula ukuba le khosi kwakukho izinto kusondele. Scrapers neemela neemfele ezenziwe lesilicon. Le ezimbiwa unalo impahla kakhulu. Kwelinye icala kubhaliwe foliated kakuhle, kunye nenye - unamandla kakhulu.

Iinaliti ezenziwe iingceba amathambo isilwanyana okanye intlanzi. Nangona ekuqaleni nje ngenyatyhowa. Ngomngxunyana kwabonakala kamva.

Zibazele, izando nezixholo, drill kwavela xa kukho imfuneko kubo. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa, njengoko kunjalo namhla; kuba ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, izikhephe gouging kunye neminye imisebenzi.

Indima izixhobo kuphuhliso lwabantu

Izazinzulu namhlanje zinomdla hayi abantu bamandulo kuphela. izixhobo ngokwawo kwakhona ingcaciso eninzi.

Okokuqala, ngokutsho ukuntsonkotha bezinto, kunokwenziwa isigqibo malunga nophuhliso kolunxulumano kwindawo yoluntu, ukwakheka kwamaqela abantu. Umntu zizingela, ezifana neula. Kodwa kuphela ukubulala udle omkhulu, nkqu ngoncedo izalamane, kuya kuba nzima.

A wase- isithethe, wabeka izilangazelelo iqela ngaphezu neminqweno yabantu ngabanye. Ngoko ke, kwangulamntu umkhonto, ziqhawuke ngaphambi abonisa imisebenzi yokuthetha kunye nophuhliso umbutho. Ngoko ke, ngoxa iinkokeli sele iqalile ukuba ume ngaphandle, ubuyeleyo ukuba ukwandisa iqela aze akhokele qela kujoliswe.

Okwesibini, ukufunda izixhobo zamandulo, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba sifane, kwanasemva amawaka eminyaka. Oko kukuthi, ukuba inkqubo yokufunda ukuvelisa njani.

izixhobo yamandulo labour namhlanje

Namhlanje, thina, Kakade ke, bawuphanga inqanaba nophuhliso lobugcisa, kodwa amaphulo ngendima imela kwaye ipali khange irhoxisiwe. Kodwa lo ukubaleka.

namhlanje kukuba ukuze ukuhlangabezana umntu, owenza ngobungcali le atlatl kunye isaphetha, kufuneka uye kwi kwimimandla ekwanti kulo mhlaba. NgabaThwa, umzekelo, kwi Amathafa Afrika abahlala ye Stone Age. Bona musa ngokwenene ukuqonda izinto ukuba sisebenzise. Ngoko ke, namhlanje azisekho kunokwenzakalisa ekutyaleni ngokucinezela i "obutofotofo indalo." Abaphandi nje sifunde indlela yabo yokuphila kunye nendlela yokuphila.

Imikhonto boomerang, aqubude kunye bolas zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo kumazwekazi ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso kumgangatho wesizwe, uthi izixhobo zabo.

Umzekelo, Avstraliyskie Aborigeny musa ukuba uLuka, sele beyazi indlela yokusebenzisa e-Afrika. Xa Amazon yaye amathafa anengca bolas ukunwenwa (sinker ezimbini, nemali yesikhumba umtya) - kukho umatshini * ngenkwitshi. Kwaye baqubude okwangoku engakanani efunekayo.

Museums - izixhobo ezibonwayo ukulungiselela abafundi

Ngoku thelekela ukuba daze wakho esikolweni bacelwa ukuba baveze kwi izixhobo ephepheni efanayo. Kwaye yena wajika kuwe uncedo. Indlela ukuba bazobe izixhobo yamandulo yabasebenzi? Musa ukuya kakuhle oku Australia ukubona intonga embe.

Namhlanje, akukho ngokupheleleyo akukho mfuneko. Ungabona ukuqokelelwa olubanzi uyafumana kuyo nayiphi na imbali yengingqi, imyuziyam wembali, ngezakudala okanye ngenkcazo.

luck ezilungileyo kuwe, abafundi abathandekayo!