Indlela ukubala lwezibonelelo? Izibonelelo Russia nase-United States. Ngoncedo olunikwayo - it ...

Igama elithi "ngoncedo" lalisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene nophuhliso yemveliso mveliso kunye nokwanda iimfuno zoluntu xa eneji, amanzi kunye izinto kuqhubekeko oluphambili kunye nokuguqulwa impahla izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ukuchaza supply resource

Ngoncedo olunikwayo - ukuhlangana oluninzi phakathi ixabiso kwezibonelelo zendalo kunye nobukhulu yokusebenzisa yabo. Ingcamango kwemithombo yendalo kubhekiselwa kuloo amacandelo uhlobo asetyenziswa okanye ingasetyenziswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo umntu. Owokugqibela kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini eliphawulwe kukwanda nanto labantu emhlabeni nakwihlabathi kwemveliso lwentlalo kunye impumelelo ubuchwepheshe zenzululwazi mihla negalelo ukwanda kokusingqongileyo. Ekubeni imfuno zabantu ukuba izinto rhoqo ziyanda, kuya kusiba ingxaki engxamisekileyo ngakumbi zokuxhaphaza esinengqiqo olufanelekileyo lwezibonelelo zendalo.

Ulwahlulo jikelele kwezibonelelo zehlabathi

imithombo yendalo zihlelwe ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo. Eyona ibalulekileyo ithathwa ulwahlulohlulo esekelwe izibonelelo ngokusekwa, njengoko leyo apho yahlulwe:

• zwe;
• namahlathi;
• amanzi;
• begazi;
• izimbiwa kunye nezinto ekrwada;
• amandla;
• sezulu.

Ucalulo ngohlobo kwezibonelelo luya

Zonke izibonelelo zendalo yahlulwe yigolide kunye exhaustible. I yangaphambili ziquka imithombo yamanzi kunye nemozulu. ubutyebi Exhaustible zendalo kwanciphisa ekusebenziseni kwabo; Uninzi kuwa kule qela kwezibonelelo Yomhlaba. Enye impahla ebalulekileyo kwezibonelelo exhaustible na renewability wayo. bahlukene yi olu phawu:

• kulandwa (amahlathi, izityalo, izilwanyana, etc ...);
• non-engahlaziyekiyo (resources kwezimbiwa).

Ngenxa loovimba yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo pholisa, namhlanje ingqalelo ukwandisa ihlawulwe ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa resource-ukonga kunye eminye imithombo yamandla.

Indlela ukubala ngoncedo olunikwayo

Ngoncedo idla oluvakaliswe ngokwenani leminyaka apho abathengi babonelelwa uhlobo oluthile lwezibonelelo. Esi salathisi iqulethe inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ukucwangcisela ukusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo abo okanye ezinye izibonelelo zendalo. Ukuhlolwa supply resource kwezibonelelo ezinokubuyiseka, Noko ke, oluvakaliswe umlinganiselo phakathi koovimba babo kunye nemali kwabangelwa per capita. ufunyenwe Ngoko ukubuyekeza kwabo. Ekubeni phantse zonke iintlobo kwezibonelelo izinto ekrwada kushishino ezahlukeneyo, ingqikelelo 'abasebenzi' umntu ngokubaluleka lwezentlalo noqoqosho.

Indlela ukuba bahlole lwezibonelelo?

Ukuhlolwa ubonelelo resource yelizwe lwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Indlela yokuqala isebenzisa le ndlela ilandelayo:

• F = W / D apho

P - lwe kwiminyaka emi-3 - isixa-inventri, M - imveliso umthamo.

Le ndlela kuqikelelwa ngokufumaneka kwezibonelelo ngenxa yokusebenzisa zazo zonyaka.

Xa indlela yesibini, ukubala yenziwa ngokomgaqo wokubala:

• P = D / H, apho

P - lwe kwiminyaka emi-3 - isixa-inventri, N - labemi.

Oku kusetyenziswa kuvavanyo lwemithombo ehlaziyekayo.

Isalathisi ubonelelo Resource sibalwa ngokuphathelele kwindawo ethile ixesha kwaye zisenokwahluka.

inani

Ukusasazwa kwemithombo yendalo ehlabathini ngenxa iimpawu zomhlaba ye ukuyilwa amazwekazi. koovimba babo kuchaphazela izinga lonikezelo resource belizwe okanye ummandla othile yehlabathi. Ngoncedo olunikwayo - yenye into kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso uqoqosho kwicala elithile. Xa wayesemhlabeni akukho mimandla luphawulwa yokungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwezibonelelo. Ukubakho, umzekelo, amandla kakhulu ngcono kunokuba ekuboneleleni, umzekelo, isanti. Oku, nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba lizwe resource-abahluphekileyo nayo baya ubuhlwempu. Umzekelo bekuya kuba iJapan, ethe angathathi ntweni, kodwa yenye lamazwe ahambele phambili ngenxa ukufumaneka kwemali eyinkunzi, abemi yokusebenza umthamo kunye kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe bale mihla.

Ukusasazwa kwemithombo yendalo ehlabathini

Ubutyebi bendalo ehlabathini edyokhweni kakhulu isasazwe, hayi kuphela kumazwekazi ngokunxulumene, kodwa kumazwe athile. Ngokuxhomekeke kwizibonelelo zawo zezinto lizwe yahlulwe:

1. Sinikwe oovimba etyebileyo kwezibonelelo ezahlukeneyo - ezi ziquka iRashiya, i-US kunye neTshayina, leyo zibonelelwa phantse ngokupheleleyo ngazo. Eli qela lukwaquka India, Australia, Brazil, uMzantsi Afrika kunye Canada, ngubani na ngaphantsi, xa kuthelekiswa namazwe ezintathu zokuqala, kodwa abaliqela osisityebi izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo.
2. avareji supply resource eli lizwe - Enyanisweni, eli qela iquka ezininzi States. Ngokuqhelekileyo, la mazwe babe avareji yenani neentlobo ezithile kobutyebi, lo gama ezinye iindidi hayi zimelwe.
3. amazwe olulodwa afakwa oovimba ezinkulu naluphi na uhlobo omnye imithombo ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo Saudi Arabia, nto leyo ioli umvelisi sikhulu ehlabathini.

Ulwahlulo yomlinganiselo kubonakala ngokucacileyo phakathi kummandla kummandla kwimeko ethile kwaye imali kwizibonelelo ezifumanekayo kubo. Ukubonelela imimandla ihlabathi kunye namazwe ngamnye luxhomekeke, Noko ke, hayi kuphela ubungakanani esitokisini, kodwa phezu isikali wokuhlola, uphuhliso nezokukhupha lwezibonelelo. Ngenxa yoko, Saudi Arabia bobabo entendeni ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso ye-oyile, kodwa ngokwemiqathango resource zikhutshwe ezi izinto gaba kuqala Iraq. Ngokuphathelele ne-Gulf War kwi 90 kunye nomsebenzi koko Kuwait yi Iraq kweli lizwe zabekwa ukwayo ngamazwe, yaye ngoku Iraq akukho sahlulo kwimveliso ye-oyile.

amandla Natural of Russia

Imali iyonke kwezibonelelo zendalo ezinokusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe kuthiwa resource isakhono bendalo. Umthamo bungama udibaniso yeentlobo ngamnye kwezibonelelo nekhono.

imithombo Russian yendalo kwahluka loovimba enkulu nezinto ezahlukeneyo, kodwa unikezelo olungalinganiyo kwilizwe liphela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukunqongophala kuhlolwe kweentlobo ezithile izibonelelo zibekwe kwiindawo gqa kunye neemeko zemozulu ezimbi. Kuba iindawo esekwe kakuhle kwaye equlunqiweyo luphawulwa ukuncipha kwezixa ezikhoyo.

Njengokuba kude naseRussia anezibonelelo?

Ngoncedo olunikwayo - umlinganiselo ophakathi kweendawo izibonelelo kunye nomthamo kwemveliso yawo. Isiseko isakhono eRashiya woshishino endowment sayo semithombo yoncedo. Ilizwe ibekwe ezintlangeni, ndabaphangalalisa emazweni, yomxhaso indawo ephambili kwicandelo ukuhlola kunye nophuhliso lwezibonelelo kwezimbiwa. Kodwa kufikelela ekuxhobiseni kuphuhliso Russia? Kuba ilizwe luphawulwa imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo onke amandla ezinkulu lokuqala (amalahle, igesi yendalo kunye namafutha). Isabelo inkulu loovimba ngamalahle, kwindawo yesibini kuhlala igesi yendalo, kwaye unguyena mncinanana kubo bonke apha koovimba oyile. Lo ubudlelwane ikwasebenza imeko ihlabathi, kwixesha elizayo, njengoko ukuncipha kwezixa zentlanzi, kufuneka ukukhangela iindlela ukutshintshwa kwezi zibonelelo zeyantlukwano.

Okwesibini enenjongo kwenzeka emva kokuba izimbiwa amandla ore nesinyithi. Russia kakhulu luninzi koovimba ehlabathini yentsimbi ekrwada, kwakunye ubeka imali ebonakalayo ngobhedu, nickel, nezentsimbi ekrwada titanium, nebhekile, Tungsten kunye nezinye zesinyithi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqoqosho lizwe iidipozithi zesinyithi anqabileyo, nedayimani. Xa umthamo yazo imveliso, eRashiya ubekwa kwindawo yesibini emva eMzantsi Afrika. Eli lizwe phambili inani kwezibonelelo amaplanga kunye mali komhlaba. Ngokusekelwe kwi miba ingasentla icebisa izigqibo ezininzi:

1. Ngoncedo Amandla - le yenye iingenelo ezibalulekileyo Russia. Ezi zibonelelo ikakhulu buzinze empumalanga.
2. Kukho umahluko ngokukhawuleza phakathi ukwabiwa kwezibonelelo intshona kunye nempuma yeli lizwe. Kuba osentshona luphawulwa kwayo yesibambiso yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo insimbi; ngayo kwakhona inxalenye enkulu lomhlaba wezolimo.

Nobungakanani bubonke isakhono esitokisini, ngeentlobo zazo kunye nesimilo yokuhlala ezifanelekileyo ukwenzela uphuhliso onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso olumanyanisiweyo kwezoqoqosho kwiindawo ezithile kwezoqoqosho.

US ngoncedo olunikwayo

Kuba ilizwe luphawulwa iyantlukwano iimeko zendalo kunye neentlobo kwezibonelelo. Njengoko iadvanteji kufanele kuphawulwe iimeko agro-zemozulu esemagqabini - eUnited States resources ihlathi elikhulu, iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba abamnyama kunye nemozulu epholileyo. US, ezifana eRashiya, iphakathi iinkokeli ngokwemiqathango koovimba, fuels izimbiwa - kweli lizwe zibekwe malunga nama-25% yesibambiso amalahle kwehlabathi kunye lizwe luwele kumazwe top ezilishumi oyile negesi loovimba. Ezinye iintlobo zezibonelelo ukuba eUnited States kukuninzi, entsimbi ekrwada, nezentsimbi ekrwada zesinyithi nonferrous, anqabileyo, uranium, phosphate. lizwe Water ezikhuselwe ngokwaneleyo, kodwa edyokhweni zisasazwe endaweni yayo. Nangona iyantlukwano kwezibonelelo zendalo, omabini amazwe kufuneka ukungenisa iintlobo ezithile yezimbiwa ngenxa yokuba ebengekho okanye ubungakanani ayanelanga.