Yabemi Beijing (China) kunye nokwakheka kazwelonke

Beijing yenye izixeko ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini. Ukukhula koqoqosho, uphuhliso lwamashishini kunye nemveliso laseChina enye iinkokheli kwezopolitiko ngamazwe. Ilifa lenkcubeko lizwe bekusoloko ilifa ihlabathi, ukuba impucuko yamandulo Chinese yashiya unique izinto, amabhotwe, efundisa. Ingqondo kunye sisalathisi elityebileyo modernity China namhlanje iye eBeijing. abemi abaninzi beso sixeko olukhulayo isantya enkulu, apha kuza izigidi abakhenkethi ezivela ehlabathini lonke.

ukuvela

Zokuhlala yokuqala kummandla isixeko wavela phambi ekuqaleni AD. Xa ngelo xesha, okwabizwa ngokuba ixesha elwa States, la mazwe baye ubukumkani wantlandlolo Yan. Ukususela ngoko, amakhosi ezahlukeneyo wasebenzisa umzi kobhukuqo olo lotshaba, kodwa indawo Beijing kaThixo zilolo hlobo zazilulo. Xa X Ngenkulungwane umzi yanikwa Liao Dynasty, nto leyo yenza ukuba ikomkhulu yesibini, wamnika igama Nanjing (ngesiTshayina "Southern Capital"). Ngenkulungwane XI, omnye indlu Jin, ekuthatheni amandla yedwa, ayehlala esixekweni, ngokuthi Zhongdu.

Beijing kwi lokufakwa Mongols

Kwinkulungwane XIII amajoni Mongolian ahlasela China, ikhokelwa abahlobo Genghis Khan kaThixo. Bazitshisa phantsi zokuhlala, kwaye phantse emva kweminyaka engama-40, wakha isixeko esitsha - ikomkhulu yaso, ebizwa Dadu. Ubukhosi elandelayo, walawula phakathi komzi, eba kaMing kaHomer. Igama classical "eBeijing" Eliya lingcwaba lomfo umlawuli wesithathu uYongle, njengoko isixeko eyaziwa ngokuba Jingsheng - eyinkunzi. Ukuba kaMing wabeka iimpawu mihla yeendawo zokuhlala, oko wamisa udonga isixeko kudala waba inqaba. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, xa kuyatyatyamba labemi, Beijing (i-capital) sesona sixeko sikhulu ehlabathini, iSixeko Akuvumelekanga, iTempile bamazulu elimiswe ngokusekelwe. Ezi ezikhumbuzo unique of isiko Chinese imiqondiso yelizwe phantse 600 iminyaka.

Beijing wahlala ikomkhulu China de-1928. Ngelo xesha ilizwe nityhubela nzima, kwaye eneneni ezahlulwe kumaphondo ahlukeneyo, ukuba bathobele umphathi omkhulu. Emva kokuba ngoloyiso party Conservative capital iKuomintang wafuduselwa kwisixeko Nanjing ne Beijing, ikomkhulu ngurhulumente wamajoni, ukuba igama Beiping. Wabuyela imo yangaphambili ngexesha umsebenzi yaseJapan ngo-1937.

Amanye amagama Beijing

Kumazwe Asia luphawulwa ukunikela isimo sakhe igama laloo mzi. pronunciation wonke Eliqhelekileyo "eBeijing" ayingqinelani Chinese bemveli. Indawo ukuba ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo. Classic phakathi Chinese Beijing yokubiza eli gama "Peiching". Kungenxa yoko le nto amaninzi ukufumana upelo ngamazwe kwegama wesixeko - Beijing. Abaninzi amazwe Western ngqo umbhalo zoqobo, ngoxa eRashiya, eNetherlands kunye namanye amazwe aliqela ukugcina igama endala - isixeko Beijing.

Ukongeza, xa ikomkhulu yadluliselwa Chinese Nanjing, esi sixeko igama Beiping. Beijing unalo elinye igama wembali, kusekelwe imvelaphi yayo inxulumene ubukumkani mandulo Yan - Yanjing.

Indawo esikuyo eBeijing

Beijing isixeko ibekwe 150 km ukusuka kuLwandle Yellow. Ukususela entshonalanga, nasentla singqongwe iintaba, yona mazahlulwe phakathi okungenanto kunye Gobi Desert. Kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni kulo mzi rhoqo zibonwa inkungu kwenkungu edibene nomsi, nto leyo ngenxa kwindawo geographical - mvula ulwandle efudumeleyo musa ukuvumela umoya zingcoliswe ukuvuka eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze woyise entabeni, bemke kweso sixeko.

Summer isihlobo apha akukho shushu kakhulu kummandla yimvula, umoya iqulethe xi eliphezulu ukufuma. Iimeko ezinjalo kungaba nzima ephilayo abangaqeqeshelwanga. Ntolovelo e Beijing badla ukuqhubeka ikhephu ngaphandle ekubeni inkoliso yeemvula iwela apha ekupheleni kwehlobo. Beijing uhlela ukubal ngeshumi zezi zilandelayo: ekwizibanzi 39,9075, yobude 116,39723.

Yabemi eBeijing kunye eyingqongileyo

Ngokutsho idatha yakutshanje, inani labemi Beijing kaThixo abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 zabantu. Kwezi, nje kancinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha abahlali kufuneka abhaliswe ngokusisigxina kweso sixeko. Ezinye labemi - abantu abaye beze kwikomkhulu ukusuka amaphondo kufuna umsebenzi. Phakathi komzi ngokwalo lilikhaya malunga nezigidi 7.

China iye zaqala sisilele esinamandla kakhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho lweli phondo imizi emikhulu. Inani labantu ezininzi kwimimandla bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yezolimo, ukufudukela ukho kulithatha. Le umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwabo kunye nemizi nempumelelo - Beijing, Shanghai kunye nezinye - ibangela wokufika ebalulekileyo abahlali besixeko uphuphume emazweni. Beijing yaziwa into yokuba abantu abaninzi abahlala apho ngokungekho mthethweni, umxholo kunye ubukho umsebenzi bemivuzo ephantsi kule ezimdaka.

Ukubunjwa kazwelonke umzi

China - kakhulu ilizwe lavalwa, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uninzi abahlali balo Chinese yobuhlanga, ekwabizwa ngokuba Han. efanayo ibonisa Beijing: Ikomkhulu kuhlale akhiwa 95% ye-Han Chinese. Noko ke, umzi unokumelana nabameli bezinye iintlanga, kodwa, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ugqatso Asia. Phakathi kwabo, i Manchus, heytsy, Mongolia - imbali Chinese kuhlangene kunye nala mazwe. abantwana Tibetan e Beijing walungelelanisa sisikolo semfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa.

Kukho iimpawu enye loluntu ngazo ukuba Cazulula labemi. Beijing nomtsalane kakhulu iindwendwe, ngenxa kuphuhliso emangalisayo kuqoqosho apha oqokelela isixa esikhulu bezinye iintlanga. Abafundi, oosomashishini, abameli zorhwebo - ke ukuhlala phakathi Chinese eziqhelekileyo izithili zoshishino, ukwamkela amasiko abo bathethele Chinese.

Elinye iqela - abemi boMzantsi Korea. Nanamhlanje, ukuba la diasporas ezinkulu yonke China.

iilwimi emzini

Ngomhla kwintsimi yanamhlanje-China ezibhalisiweyo iilwimi eziphilileyo 292 kunye nomnye umntu apho kungekho mntu wumbi ethetha. Zeelwimi has 9 iintsapho ulwimi, phakathi onokuyi fumana Altay, Austroasiatic, tai kadayskie kunye nabanye.

Ngaphandle koku, kwi-Chinese zemveli athethwa labemi. Beijing, njengazo zonke ezinye izixeko, ungakhetha ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni - Putonghua. Yena abahlali closer wabazisa. Ngamazwe Beijing, ogama ulwimi isekelwe phezu Mandarin lwesigodi, naye wathi ngeelwimi Mongolian, eTibet, Zhuang.

Ezinye izixeko ngabantu China

Beijing kuphela yesithathu kuluhlu kwizixeko eTshayina yi inani yabemi. Isixeko kunezizwana Chinese of Chongqing yi - kulo nakwiindawo ezikufutshane ilikhaya kubantu abazizigidi ezingama-29, kunye uninzi loluntu ngaphandle kummandla wedolophu, oko kukuthi, lo uluntu lwasemaphandleni.

Kwidolophu elandelayo kwinani abahlali, abangenakuwubona eBeijing - Shanghai. Xa iziko enkulu yemali kunye nenkcubeko kweli lizwe ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-23. Zombini ezi zixeko, ezifana eBeijing, Kwasekwa BC, waba uhlaselo kunye nentshabalalo, ndakhe yaye ngoko nangoko bafumana ujongo mihla. Namhlanje, isixeko esikhulu China akukho ndlela enasilela ubuhle kunye nobunzulu kwamantloko eziphambili ehlabathini. amade High abut ngokuchasene esibhakabhakeni, kudederhu lweevenkile ihlabathi kunye izithili zoshishino umzuzu musa ayeke ukusebenza. Nanamhlanje, uqoqosho China yenye yezona eziphambili ehlabathini.