Xa yasungulwa Ukunkonkxa? Imbali yolondolozo

Inkoliso yethu rhoqo ungadliyo okunkonkxiweyo ukutya, abanye bathatha kakhulu, baza bambi bathatha kancinci. Kwaye akukho namnye ucinga ngayo, nendlela abantu esetyenziswayo ukwenza ngaphandle kwezi mveliso njengokuba bezenjenjalo ngezikhuni ukuba ubusika. Yintoni na ulondolozo, ngoko inkqubo workpiece ebusika musa konakalisa? Kweli nqaku, sizama ukuqonda konke oku. Kwaye ke ekuqaleni ulwazi malunga Ukunkonkxa kwemoto xa, umntu uye wafunda ukugcina ngayo inyama, imifuno, iziqhamo, iziselo ixesha elide.

Yintoni ulondolozo?

Umntu kudala iindlela ukugcina ukutya, yaye inkqubela kwexesha ziye isonjululwe le ngxaki kanye kunye bonke. Ngoku abantu kufuneka umsebenzi eyahlukileyo kancinane - ukugcina iimveliso ngendlela yokuba bathi kufutshane kwimo yazo yendalo. Ngoko ke, zonke isiganeko esikhethekileyo, ezikhuthaza, wabiza lokunkonkxa.

Ngenxa kule fyabo, iimpawu zendalo amaninzi iimveliso akanako ukuzisindisa. Eneneni, igama elithi "lolondolozo" - kwigama lesiLatini kwaye eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "zolondolozo." Le nkqubo iphantsi isifundo zesayensi. Ngapha koko, oko yasungulwa lokunkonkxa? Ukuze baphumelele eziphilayo ebonakalayo kutshabalalisa imveliso - nomngundo, ukungunda, yaye ezingabonakaliyo - negwele kunye neentsholongwane. Isazinzulu French Louis Pasteur, wabeka isiseko ezizezolonakaliso. Kungenxa yoko le nzala kubushushu ephakamileyo ekuthiwa pasteurization.

Yemifuniselo zokuqala zolondolozo, ezifana lwangoku

Kodwa ukuba ukhe wacinga ukuba ufumene impendulo yombuzo xa kwemoto lokunkonkxa, into engalunganga kakhulu. Pasteur - hayi umntu wokuqala lowo Phantse kusetyenziswa indlela kulondolozwe. Loo ndoda uNicholas Appert. Wayeqhuba amalinge ukulondoloza ukudla abilayo iingqayi ngelo xesha - tin. Ingqayi yabekwa ukuba ziqhubeka zihamba eshushu ngomphunga okanye emanzini ashushu. Emngxunyeni omncinane wayishiya umoya waza ngoko nangoko itywiniwe.

Ngenxa lugcwabevu lobushushu iityuwa lenyuka laya kutsho kuma-135. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abantu bafumana zonke izinto ezibangela utshintsho kwi ngeemveliso zexabiso ukutya kwaye ndafunda ukusebenzisa lokunkonkxa ngakumbi kakuhle, nto leyo ekuvumela ukuba ugcine ixesha elide kulo iziqhamo eyonakalayo kunye nemifuno.

Ukulondolozwa yamandulo

Sekunjalo, xa kokusungulwa lokunkonkxa? birthday obonwabisayo ozakuthathwa kumhla yokuvulwa yokunkonkxa yokuqala - Kwathi eNgilani wesithathu ngoSeptemba 1812. Ithekhnoloji wabonakala eFransi ngo-1809. Kodwa Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, iimfihlelo kule nkqubo ziye eyaziwa iminyaka eliwaka eliqela. Xa kumbiwa eYiputa, xa wafumanisa kwingcwaba Tutankhamen, safumanisa kanye yokuqala okunkonkxiweyo ehlabathini. Ezi amadada, ezithi igcadiweyo, bamqhola kwi endebeni ngodongwe ezibandakanya iziqingatha ezibini ngesamente ioli Bay yomnquma. Kube sele iminyaka engamawaka amathathu, kodwa bona alukapheli, zaba phantsi kwemiqathango ethile ubulungeleyo ukutyiwa ngabantu.

Abantu musa ukuba bathathe imingcipheko, kodwa inja badla ngothakazelelo. Ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, eUnited States, nokuba yamandulo ngakumbi (ngeli xesha uhlobo) "okunkonkxiweyo" zifunyenweyo. Kubunzulu ikhulu eemitha, ehlahla msele, abantu baba umaleko neziselubala ityuwa eweni. Yaye wabona ezinye nakwiintlanzi yengqele! Baba sithambile, mhlawumbi, ezityiwayo, kodwa natyeka kamsinya ngamatye yangaphandle. ubudala babo - iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi lamawaka. Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo lokunkonkxa xa kwemoto, nako Indians ukusuka North America. Bahlala kwinkulungwane XVII Wawucolwa inyama ibe ngumgubo, ugalelwe kunye ezahlukeneyo ubulawu agcinwe iinyanga ezintandathu kwiingxowa yesikhumba ngaphandle iingxaki. Ngaloo maxesha, abantu esele owned nobuchwepheshe marinating, ukutshaya kunye omisa.

Iinkonkxa ze ukongiwa umfutho

Ukuze ufumane impendulo umbuzo malunga xa lokunkonkxa kwemoto, kufuneka uqonde into inkqubela okubangelwa lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Omnye isizathu wayila uPetros Durand, IsiNgesi oomatshini etotini. Ngenxa ubunzima bayo eliphantsi kompaknosti kwenzeka ukuthutha, waza waqalisa ukuba ungenise ezinkonxiweyo nezingankonxwanga sele ngoko - kule amathanga yaseBritani. Nangona ezi iibhanki ukuvula ixesha elide ukuba kunokwenzeka kuphela uncedo isando basike. Ngoko isibonelelo solder intsimbi ngokuchanekileyo nebhekile - ukwenza aselula.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1860, owavela itoti somhlaba, kwaye phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini - oyinjineli esuka eUnited States, Agata Frazee, beza kunye neebhanki isitshixo. Umfutho leyo meko, xa yena nabahlobo bakhe, waya ehlathini ukuze Ipikiniki lafumanisa ukuba imela ekhethekileyo iinkonkxa aluminiyam , akukho namnye. Inkqubela akemi ngxi, ngoku eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi mgawuli nga usike sele nesiqulatho kwisikhongozeli.

Ukunkonkxa eRussia

Ke kaloku lokunkonkxa lwasungulwa eRashiya? Okunye ngqo, xa kwathi kumazwe zethu? Ngowe-1763, uququzelela hambo kwimimandla elimhlophe, isazinzulu Lomonosov Mihail wenza umyalelo abancedisi bakhe isuphu ezomileyo kunye nobulawu. wayalela kakuhle ngaphandle nobulawu, kweekhilogram enye kunye nezinye.

Le mveliso yokuqala, leyo uvelisa ukutya enkonkxiweyo, kwilizwe lethu baqalisa kweminyaka 58 kamva kunokuba eYurophu (1870). Kuba umkhosi Petersburg eveliswe iinkonkxa ze isidudu, i-ertyisi isuphu, nasentweni ephekiweyo, inyama kunye ertyisi, uyose yenkomo. intlanzi enkonkxiweyo bafakwa kuluhlu kuluntu jikelele.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, eSoviet Union waba yinkokheli ekuveliseni ukutya eyakhiwe. Ngapha koko, oku kuphela inani elikhulu yeemveliso (enye kuphela isityalo eMoscow uvelisa iinkonkxa 100 yezigidi kunyaka ngamnye), kwaye kukho uluhlu olubanzi. Khawube nomfanekiso - malunga ezisibhozo iintlobo zeemveliso ukusuka iziqhamo, imifuno, intlanzi kunye nenyama ezinkonxiweyo nezingankonxwanga, incindi. Kakade ke, sonke siyazi ukuba lokunkonkxa ngenxa ebusika, kuwo onke amanqanaba, oko sele azifake zethu lizwe ngaloo mihla.

Main eyakhiwe eSoviet Union

Abaninzi kuni mhlawumbi nangoku akhumbule imihla xa komele ibe ezininzi iinkonkxa tin kuhluthiswa. Ngaba usayikhumbula indlela kakhulu? Injalo loo nto - sardines in yetumato. Recipes ukunkonkxa ukuba babekhethekile kakhulu. Njengoko ixabiso - 33-35 cents ingqayi nganye, nto leyo negalelo kuphela ukuthandwa.

Phi yena athathe nto? Pilchards iitoni ezibanjiswe elwandle, kwibhodi a trawler sele ngetyuwa yaye ngokukhawuleza wathumela mveliso. Kukho efafazwe umgubo, nkxu e-oli yemifuno, ebomvu-eshushu ukuya abilayo. Abasebenzi ke isandla ingene imveliso yezityalo intlanzi iinkonkxa sprat yawuzalisa maleko encinane isosi yetumato.

zokupheka Modern for lokunkonkxa

Kuthetha ukunkonkxa? Ngelo xesha langoku zako ezahlukahlukeneyo. Xa ukunkonkxa zokupheka kuthetha: yityuwa, pickling, marinating, lugcwabevu iswekile. Ukuba uthe wagawulwa iziqhamo zasekhaya, imifuno kunye amaqunube ngezandla zabo, ngoko qiniseka ukuba kwaye iluncedo kakhulu, kwaye aqholiweyo ngakumbi kwaye tastier ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na kunoogxa mveliso.

Ukuba kuphela ngenxa yokuba umbandela ukuqala aya kuyinyula ngokwabo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uya kuba ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo nawe akuyi kuba usebenzisa iindidi kwisigcinakaliso ngqwabalala, impilo kakhulu. Kwaye ukuqhubeka, njengoko kufuneka: kubushushu obuphantsi, kwigumbi elimnyama ngaphandle kwelanga. Ngoko ke, ukuba wena akunguye wonqena kakhulu ungenakuwuxhalabela, yaye ehlotyeni nasekwindla, uza kubonelela lonke usapho ubusika vitamin amandla ngokupheleleyo!