Xa ukuhlwayela i-basil kwiimbewu? Ukukhula kwe-basil ngeentlobo

Aba bantu baseAsia babenqulwa eNdiya, e-Iran naseCeylon, kwaye eGrisi wayebhekwa njengesityalo sobukhosi. Kodwa abantu baseYurophu babecinga ukuba lesi sityalo sinobungozi ixesha elide, kwakukholelwa kakhulu ukuba ukuvumba kwawo kwakungenza umntu abe ngumqhubi. Luhlobo luni lommila wezolimo? Konke oku malunga ne-basil. Kwakudala wayithatha ingcambu eYurophu, kodwa wada wanqoba iintliziyo zaseTaliyane naseSpeyin, waza wada wathandwa yintlanzi yokudla - iFrentshi. Namhlanje, abaninzi abalimi bendawo ephakathi yaseRashiya bakulungele ukukhula, oko kuqiqa xa kuhlwayela izityalo kwizityalo, kwaye ukuzama ukutshiza imifuno emnandi, kwaye ukuqokelela imbewu yabo. Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngale nto, makhe sikhumbule ezinye iimpawu zolu sityalo.

Iimpawu zeBotanical

Masiqale ngento yokuba i-basil isityalo esisenzantsi kwaye ibekezela kakhulu nantoni na kubanda kumgangatho wethu, kodwa ithanda ilanga elitshisayo kunye nomhlaba onotyeko kunye nomhlaba onotyeko. Esi sityalo sibhekisela kwintsapho yaseGubotsvetnyh, okanye i-Zhivotkovyh, kwaye isayensi ibizwa ngokuba yi-Ocimum Basilicum.

Kwiimeko zethu, i-basil iyisityalo sonyaka omnye. Inkqubo yeengcambu ayinyani kwaye ikhuni. Isiqu se quadrangular kunye ne-branching. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, izityalo ziphakamileyo (ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-90 cm) kunye nemibala, zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamehlo kunye neendapu, zihluke ngohlobo lwamaqabunga.

Esi sityalo siqhakaza ngo-Agasti ngeentyantyambo ezincinci okanye ezimhlophe ezimhlophe, eziqokelelwa ngokukhawuleza, malunga ne-30 cm, i-inflorescences. Emva koko, endaweni yeentyatyambo, iziqhamo zenziwe ngamanqatha amane ombala omnyama, ububanzi bawo abugqithanga kwi-1.5 mm.

I-Botanists ineentlobo ezingama-70 ze-basil ezikhulayo kwintlango, kodwa kwimiyezo kunye nezityalo ezinobumbi ezingekho ngaphezulu kwezi-10 zezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo ezikhulayo.

Iintlobo

Kwimiyezo yethu, ukufumana imifuno ecocekileyo eneengqungquthela, kunye nezityalo zobuninzi ezithatha izilwanyana ezincinci, zikhule ezinjalo iintlobo ze-basil njenge:

• Eziqhelekileyo (i-ocimum basilicum);
• Iqhumiso (I-ocimum basilicum);
• I-lemon hybrid (i-ocimum x citriodorum);
• Mildew (Ocimum menthifolium);
• I-Small-leaved (Ocimum baslicum minimal);
• Violet (Ocimum basilicum var. Purpurascens);
• I-color-colored (Ocimum sanctum Vana Tulsi);
• Eugenol (Ocimum gratissimum).

Ezo ziintlobo zineziganeko zayo kwaye zihluke kwezinye iindidi zeentyantyambo kunye namaqabunga, ukunambitha kunye nephunga, ubukhulu behlathi, kodwa nanko lixesha lokuba imbewu ye-seedil ibe yintlobo, ngokufanayo. Ihluke kuphela kwiimeko zemozulu kunye neempawu zommandla ohlala kuyo. Ukuba kukho i-greenhouse okanye i-greenhouse kwisakhiwo segadi, ngoko kuya kwenzeka ukuhlwayela kwangaphambili.

Indlela yokukhula?

Emva kokuba unqume uhlobo kunye neendidi, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa xa uhlwayela i-basil kwiimbewu. Kwimimandla esezantsi, esi sityalo sikhula ngokutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba, kodwa kummandla ophakathi weRashiya le ndlela iyingozi: ekupheleni kukaMeyi-ekuqaleni kukaJuni ubuya kwiqabunga ezinokuthi zichithe izityalo zothando kunye nokufudumele. Unokuhlwayela ngolweshumi kaJuni, kodwa ke unokufumana imifuno enemibala kuphela ngoJulayi, kodwa imbewu ayiyi kuvala.

Ukuba unqwenela ukunqanda abathandekayo bakho ngesityalo esiqholiweyo ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngoko uya kukwazi ukukhula ngezityalo, ezinokuthi zitshintshwe emhlabathini ovulekileyo okanye zibe yintluphelo okanye utywala.

Ukongezelela kwiimbewu ezikhulayo kunye nokuhluma okuthe ngqo, i-basil inokusasazwa ngengozi. Ngenxa yoko, enye yezihlumela zinqunywe kwisityalo, isiqwenga sityinwe kuyo nayiphi na into evuselelayo yokuxuba kwaye ifakwe kwisitya. Emva kweveki okanye ezimbini i-rootlets ziza kubonakala, kwaye emva kweentsuku eziyi-14 loo mbola ingatyalwa kwindawo evulekile.

Hlwayela imbewu

Ukuze ubale xa uhlwayela i-basil kwiimbewu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba xa ukutshala izithombo kwindawo evulekile ubudala babo kufuneka babe iintsuku ezingama-45-60. Ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zebakala eliphakathi, oku ku malunga nokuphela kuka-Matshi - ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufika, kufuneka ulungiselele yonke into oyifunayo:

1. Iibhokisi zokuhlwaya okanye ezinye izitya.

2. Umxube wehlabathi.

3. Imbewu.

4. Ifilimu okanye ifilimu ye-polyethylene.

Kwiibhokisi zeentlobo zifakwe umhlaba onokwahlula okulinganayo kwepeat, umyezo wegadi kunye ne-humus. I-Basil iphendula izichumisi ezisetyenziselwa umhlaba, ngoko ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlwayelwa imbewu, ummandla wehlabathi ungaphalaza ngesisombululo esilandelayo: ½ ithisipuni ye-urea, i-potassium sulfate, i-superphosphate kunye ne- potassium chloride.

Ekubeni imbewu ye-basil ilula kakhulu, i-horticulturist ininzi engamava iya kubhekisana nayo: kufuneka nje ubenze kwi-lunoon ukuba ungabi ngaphezu kwe-1 cm kwaye ufefe ngokulula umhlaba. Emva koko uhambelane nomhlaba ngesandla sakho, ukuze kungabikho zivalo zomoya. Amagunya kufuneka afakwe ngefilimu okanye kwiglasi kwaye afake kwindawo efudumeleyo.

Xa uhlakulela i-seedil , kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba ubushushu obuphezulu bokuhluma yi +20 ^о С ... + 25 ^о С. Kulo lawulo lokushisa, amahlumela aya kubonakala ngomhla we-7-10. Ukuba abazange baqakraze ngexesha lemiqathango, kubalulekile ukulinda enye iveki. Ezinye iintlobo ziphakama ngokukhawuleza kwaye zangekho kanye. Ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela amahlumela okuqala, izikhonkwane ezifunekayo kufuneka zihanjiswe kwiwindow ekhanyayo.

Kwaye nokuba kuyimfuneko ukutshintshwa?

Abanye abalimi, bachaza indlela yokukhulisa i-basil kwiimbewu, batusa ukutshala izityalo xa iqela lokuqala okanye lesibini livela. Ukuba kukho izityalo eziliqela kwisitya esinye, ngoko ngokwenene, kufuneka ukuba ityalwe ukwenzela ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuphuhlisa nganye imbewu. Kodwa ukuba ezincinci ezincinci imbewu yatsalwa enye okanye ezimbini, kwaye akukho sizathu sokuphazamisa izityalo ngokufakelwa. Kodwa ukondla i-basil ngeli xesha kuyimfuneko. Ukwenza oku, kwithayitha enye yamanzi, qhafaza iigremu ezine ze-superphosphate kunye ne-ash ash, 2 grams ye-nitmonium nitrate. Ukutya okunjalo kufuneka kuphindwe rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini.

Unokunyamekela njani izithombo?

Ukuba uqikelele indlela yokutshala i-basil kwiimbande, ukunyamekela oko kuya kuba nzima kuwe. Izityalo ezibuthathaka kunye nezigulayo kufuneka zisuswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba imbewu ihlonyelwe kwisitya esinye, kuyinqweneleka ukugcina umgama we-3-5 cm phakathi kwezilwanyana, ukucoca ukutshala. Oku kuya kuthintela ukutshala nokukhetha.

Imfuno ephambili xa ukhathalela izityalo ze-basil akuvumelekanga ukuba zombini uphumelele kwaye umise umhlaba.

Ngoko saqaphela indlela yokukhulisa i-basil evela kwimbewu. Uyavuma ukuba akunzima kakhulu?