"War Noxolo" - ingxaki inoveli. "War Noxolo" L. N. Tolstoy

I inoveli "War Noxolo", umsebenzi esisiseko umbhali enkulu Russian Bala Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, sabhalwa ngethuba elisusela ku-1863 ukuya 1869

Isicwangciso lomsebenzi, umbhali kuye kwasekwa elide phambi kokubhala, ibhekisela yesihloko i Decembrists mvukelo, esenzeka eSt Petersburg ngoDisemba 14, 1825. Leo Tolstoy ebekwe ukubonisa ubomi kuluntu Russian ixesha, kwaye ukusukela intshukumo eliphikisayo, imibutho eyahlukeneyo elihlebo inxaxheba Decembrists aba ezinkulu kakhulu kwaye ebalulekileyo kubomi kwezopolitiko karhulumente Russian, umbhali wagqiba ukusebenzisa lo mxholo njengesiseko umsebenzi wakhe.

Ukutolikwa yenoveli

Xa idrafti Kwintshayelelo kwi wobugcisa boncwadi elizayo "War Noxolo" imiba inoveli Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy elonyulwe njengoko khangela umlinganiswa ophambili. Umbhali wacebisa ukuba bekuya kuba umfanekiselo Decembrists, omnye Amaqhawe xesha, babuyele kunye nentsapho yakhe emakhayeni abo emva link. Noko ke, kwisiqwenga inoveli ifuna inkcazelo uphawu umlinganiswa ophambili ukususela ebutsheni bakhe, yaye ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuba uye emva malunga neminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo, xa elidlulileyo yakhe. Umbhali wagqiba ukuqala ibali ngo 1805. Kwangaxeshanye, umxholo yonke inoveli "War Noxolo" babefuna ngoguqulelo kunalowo nolubonise ibali malunga Decembrists, yaye ngaloo ndlela, ngexesha lokubhala inoveli kwindawo yokuqala yaba imfazwe nxamnye kukaNapoleon kunye neziganeko, ngendlela enye okanye enye enxulumene nayo .

ingqalelo zombhali itshintshele Patriotic War of 1812 kunye nexesha phambi ayehlasela umkhosi French ikhokelwa uNapoleon Bonaparte. Noko ke, izahluko embalwa imisebenzi engagqitywanga ka-1860 phantsi igama "Decembrists" uTolstoy wasebenzisa inoveli "War Noxolo". Ingxaki iba ekwakhiweni inoveli yesiqwenga eso, nto leyo injongo yombhali yaba ukugubungela phantse imbali ngenkulungwane-ikota yabantu Russian kunye nomkhosi Russian. Umbhali wakwenza oko, umsebenzi wamelana ngokunamathelene-.

Imizekelo yobuqhawe inoveli

umsebenzi eziqaphelekayo-ngokwenza kwakhe "War Noxolo" yi Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich wabhala iminyaka emithandathu, efanayo ubunzulu ezibalisayo amandla iinoveli kwiincwadi ehlabathini akasekho. imifanekiso waseRoma isimanga, umlinganiswa ngamnye lusekiwe ngezinga eliphezulu lokuqiniseka, le ubuqhawe yamajoni Russian Kucacile - lilwela isizathu nje, ngokwemizalwane yabo, kuba ezweni labo. Umzekelo umthetheli Tushin kunye ibhetri yayo, indlela esezantsi-ezingundoqo yotshaba. isibindi nanto yomkhosi Russian kwi Idabi Borodino, xa isigqibo bayahlelwa ka-Russia, umbhali wathetha yendalo, kodwa ngamazwi onke oyikisayo kwinoveli, kakade, oyinyaniso. Isimo salo French, Kakade, akemi akukho kuthelekiswa nomoya yokulwa amajoni Russian, kulo, ubukhulu becala, kwaye wabeka isiseko uloyiso ephambili yomkhosi Russian. Zonke abalinganiswa uTolstoy eboniswe kwinoveli njengoko abanombono ngolo ilizwe labo.

Literature nokupeyinta

Xa ubhala imveliso "War Noxolo" ezintsha ingxaki amanga neqiniso ukuba isicatshulwa, intsimi ebanzi, zayimosaic kwiindawo zabantu. abalinganiswa Lva Tolstogo abhaliweyo ethe, ukufa kwamalungu ngqo, nobuchule bakhe boncwadi onokufaniswa womzobo ngu Paolo Veronese, ngubani likwazimisele ngocoselelo zonke iinkcukacha kwi ebusweni abalinganiswa bakhe canvases elikhulu Palace i yelo Doge, yaye amaqhawe zezi amakhulu.

Ixabiso bezobugcisa imisebenzi

Xa inoveli "War Noxolo" ngu uTolstoy thaca kumaphepha bonke iyaxela zentlalo, ukususela lijoni elula ukuya umlawuli neqembu yakhe. Ibonisa bonke ubudala, udidi ezahlukeneyo, izityebi namahlwempu, ukunyaniseka nokunganyaniseki, esempilweni kunye nabagulayo. kuluntu Russian, iiklasi ezisezantsi nabakumgangatho ophakathi, ukumkani kunye nabantu bakhe - bonke bafumane indawo kwi imisebenzi emikhulu zoncwadi kweli xesha.

Umsebenzi wobugcisa ngokusondeleyo edibene neengxaki zobomi, isihlwele evulekileyo, inxalenye eluseludinini zoluntu ngamandla ngamanye amaxesha zasendle lawuleki, iqhutywa nje uyibona. lokubulala indawo Vereshchagin umzekelo. Ekusondeleni, unya inobutshijolo ngenxa isantya njengokutshayelwa yonke indlela - oku ke bantu Russian, imbali uyazi imizekelo embalwa. Le ngongoma ephambili inoveli "War Noxolo" - ukubonisa uluntu Russian, zonke izinto zayo kunye neengxaki.

Ifilosofi kwinoveli

Kuyo yonke le inoveli Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy izama ukwenza intsingiselo ekuqaleni ekwakuphila yobomi babantu Russian, ukufumanisa oonobangela spontaneity izenzo zakhe. ifilosofi imveliso kukuba ukuthanda kunye nesakhono ngabantu ezilahlekileyo ilize ukuba ngaba udibana nenyani, emke okwenzekayo. Kuphela inkonzo zamaqhawe ingcamango nga susumetela umntu ukuba enze imfazwe zathu ekunene, yithathe entsimini yokulwa, kunyanzeleke ukuba ukwamkela ukufa irhafu.

Okukodwa

imifanekiso ezininzi inoveli "War Noxolo" thaca ngumbhali lucidly, kunye nenkcazelo nganye. Ngenxa yoko a esikhethekileyo, isimo sengqondo ngentlonelo umbhali Kutuzov, abangengabo italente strong qhinga ubuqhawe egorheni, kunye nento yokuba waqonda ukuba ndlela kuphela, emva apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuba ukumelana uNapoleon. Ngenxa yoko ukwalela neempawu Tolstoy ngayo uNapoleon, ilale impumelelo yakhe, bebanika ukuba kuphela kwakhe izityholo. Umbhali gxebe, ungamconganga owakhe imibala xa wayechaza ijoni elula Karataeva Plato ahlala kuyo, ngokutsho Tolstoy, kwindima nomfundisi mkhulu, ngokuba ebona ngokwakhe yinxalenye yonke zentlalo bazilahla ubuntu babo.

Uxanduva umbhali

Eziyintandabulumko Lva Tolstogo ayikho ukucamanga kulo mbandela, njengoko kuqhele ukuba njalo kunye ababhali abaninzi, yaye uhlalutyo olungqongqo lweenkqubo nemigaqo ye iinkcukacha incinane isiganeko, ukuthatha indawo eluntwini, ngokunjalo ubuchule bakhe brilliant ukudibanisa iindawo saa enye, ukudala umfanekiso opheleleyo yaye isayinwe ngayo yakhe igama. Uxanduva Tolstoho waziva kwisahluko ngasinye, ongenakonakala yayo, oko captivates umfundi, ngokuthe ngcembe uqala ukucinga kwicala elinye kunye nombhali.

ngabo

Xa umsebenzi wakhe 'War Noxolo "ingxaki inoveli amanga neqiniso ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba yonyule elinye abalinganiswa abaphambili yomkhosi yonke Russian. Cu eqhelekileyo umsebenzi kufike umxholo inkxaso olungumangaliso amajoni kunye nabathetheli nabantu. Balihlambulule ilizwe ukusuka ukuhlaselwa Russian - kwakucingwa onke amagosa, amajoni, abalimi, abasebenzi, amagosa athi. Uchazo abantu Russian ayikwazanga kwaphulwa kwebutho elivela ngaphandle, oko ezingangeniyo sengqondo yoluntu Russian, yaye ukuba kunjalo, umhlaseli uya kutshatyalaliswa. Le result wasebenza ingcamango zonke Russian. Rush umda lwentshukumo ngokunomkhethe, ubuzwe nokuthanda ilizwe udale "iklabhu yemfazwe yabantu", oko kukuthi kutshabalalisa utshaba.

Leo Tolstoy onekratshi zomkhosi namandla yomkhosi Russian, xa iphinda phindwe ubuzwe mbingelelo bonke abemi karhulumente Russian. Abantu-hero nozimanya ngokupheleleyo kunye izikhulu Russian ngexesha lemfazwe kkuba yotshaba. Abameli best wabanumzana Russian wayebanceda kwinginginya, phakathi kwabo Pierre Bezukhov kunye Andrey Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova kunye Vasily Denisov.

Ngumfanekiso Kutuzov

Iqhawe imfazwe kunye uNapoleon, Mihail Illarionovich Kutuzov, waba alohlukaniswa amajoni akhe, yiloo nto wamnika amandla. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi ayizange ukhuthazo evela umlawuli, ngasese bamthiya, kodwa Kutuzov kwi qela de ukunyaniseka kakumkani yaye akazange mfuneko, waba umthombo onamandla kakhulu ngakumbi iphefumlelwe - umkhosi, amajoni kunye namagosa azo. Field Marshal Kutuzov waphumelela, ezalisekisa intando yabantu Russian, bazi kakuhle ngenjongo umi phambi kwakhe, lonke ilizwe.

iincwadi

Abalinganiswa yenoveli "War Noxolo" ityhila amathuba enamandla yoluntu Russian, leyo imbali uyazi kubukhoboka. Njengeli abahlaseli udumo ezifana uNapoleon, nengxolo yabo, kodwa shame, akuyi kubakho nto. ngxabano Historical emkhosini ugcina iphela ekoyiseni abantu Russian.

Ngowe-1865, kulindixesha "Russian iGazethi" iinxalenye ezimbini zokuqala inoveli othi "Unyaka 1805" ziye zapapashwa. Uhlelo ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi esasiyindumasi "War Noxolo" yi Tolstoy, imiqulu emithandathu, yapapashwa ngowe-1869.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy inoveli "War Noxolo" wangena ngonaphakade-mali yegolide loncwadi yehlabathi.