Yintoni bhubhane epizootic? Epiphytoties - esiyingozi!

Phantse unyaka wonke, abantu lijongene wave entsha sifo. Kaninzi iba loqhambuko ngamaxesha esosulelayo. Kodwa ukongezelela izifo ezikhathaza abantu, iingxaki ezifanayo kwenzeka isilwanyana izityalo ehlabathini. Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukuva oko kuthethwa ngulo bhubhane, i epizootic, epiphytotics. Kodwa oko kuthethwa la magama, nendlela umonakalo zinokubangela?

izifo mass

Xa "bhubhane" libhekisela amaxabiso ezininzi ezinxulumene nosulelo yabantu. Kodwa abezonyango, oko kuthetha ukuvela sisifo esosulelayo, nto leyo isasazeka intsimi ngexesha elifanayo isantya izehlo ungaphezulu kakhulu izikhombisi yesiqhelo ngokubanzi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba bhubhane ukuze abe umlinganiswa eyahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke pathogen, leyo usoloko a Cya ngqo enxulumene ngamagciwane okanye njengoko ibizwa, iintlobo izifo. Phezu HIV, i-arhente causative yale kukho usabela emzimbeni, ngenxa yoko, esiyibiza ukuba urhulumente zokosuleleka. Kukho iindidi ezine eziphilayo ezibangela le nkqubo buhlungu. Ezi ziquka:

1. Virus (ibangela icesina emthubi, yingqakaqha, njalo njalo).
2. Rickettsiae (fever, yesifo et al.).
3. Ziibhaktheriya (ngqi, kholera, isibetho, njalo njalo).
4. Fungi.

Ukubekwa epizootic kunye epiphytotics

Ukongeza ngezifo omkhulu wafumana ezinye iintlobo zosulelo, oko kuchaphazela kuphela abantu. Ngenxa yoko, oko kwabhalwa amatyala abaninzi bazandlala izifo olwaye lwamfimfitha ehlabathini isilwanyana. Oku iintaka obala, izilwanyana zasendle, izilwanyana kunye nemfuyo. Usulelo kwenzeka ubukhulu becala kwindawo ethile, inani labemi ochaphazelekayo idlula izikhombisi njengesiqhelo. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba epizootic. Kwakhona yaziwa ilizwi ezithile ezifana epiphytoties. Le nto ithetha ukuvela usuleleko abaninzi zosulelo zezityalo. Wonke sifo uneempawu zawo, ezo ngokwahlukileyo kubonakala mu bumi. umonakalo ibangelwa zizifo yintsholongwane, izifo fungal, virozami, irhorho eneentyatyambo mikoplazami kunye nematodes (neempethu engabonakali).

Imiphumo losulelo izityalo

Kwindawo ethile inkangeleko tape epiphytoties. Kusenokuba ukubuna, ukubola, nebhodi, iindawo izityalo engaqhelekanga kunye neminye imiqondiso. Ngenxa yoko linyuke okanye ukuyeka ukukhula, ukuvuna amahlwempu, okanye ukungabikho kwayo, kunokwenzeka ukufa kwisityalo. Umonakalo kakhulu ibangelwa fungi (mycoses), kuba le uhlobo losulelo watsalwa rhoqo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba epiphytotic - i "lutshaba efihlakeleyo", nto leyo kwakhona kwaqala unamandla ahlaziyiweyo. Oku kuyenzeka kuba i nakujoliso olutsha losulelo bangaqokelela usulelo komhlaba, lingakwazi bahlale awile, kwizikhondo okanye iintsalela ukugawula. fungi ekumfimfitheni kwakhona "kuhlaselwa" kwisityalo buthathaka okanye enye into ngoomatshini umonakalo imvelaphi.

ubungozi

Kakade ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuqikelela phi yaye yintoni kwelinqaku kwenzeka isityalo bohlaselo. Kodwa kwakusazeka ukuba kuqondana kwemiqathango ethile mhlawumbi epiphytoties. Le meko, ukusa kumkhamo othile zinokuthintelwa. Ngoko, kuba usulelo kufuneka zaneleyo pathogen ezasulelayo, umzekelo, oku kunokuba zinokuphikiswa. Ngelo xesha linye kufuneka abe ndlongondlongo ebalulekileyo. Imeko yesibini kukuba kwindawo enye kukho okuninzi okubi okanye kalula lo yonakalise. indima kwakhona edlalwa yimiba yokusingqongileyo, kunokuba ukufuma kunye neqondo lobushushu. Imeko enjalo ikhuthaza ukwanda olukhawulezisiweyo ka pathogen kunye buthathaka esityalo ngokwayo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo zonke ezi zinto, oku kuthetha ukuba epiphytotic ukusa kumkhamo othile kunokuba isenzeko nkomoni. Kule usuleleko sele idlulile, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukunyusa impilo yezityalo, kunye ekutyaleni mazikhethwe iintlobo ezizinzileyo. Ngaphezu koko, epiphytotic uqalisa ukubola ngoxa kuncitshiswa uluhlu, lisibekele ndlongondlongo yayo pathogen kwakunye ne utshintsho kwimozulu kwicala elilungileyo ngakumbi. epiphytotics Ubude njalo ngonyaka. Ezinye izifo ukuze sife ngaphandle ekupheleni kwexesha lonyaka, ngoxa abanye akanakuyishiya yedwa iminyaka emininzi.

iintlobo epiphytoties

Ezo usulelo singosulela kuphekw ukuba ayashiyana kunye iimpawu.

epiphytotic Local ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka emininzi, ithatha mmandla. Loo ixesha elide lokugula zibekelwe emhlabeni, phezu ukhula, iwile iintsalela kunye m. P. Ukuqalisa ukungcola okunjalo kwenzeka kancane kancane luqhubeke. Kodwa ukuba usulelo anemfumba kakhulu, kwaye izityalo singangena, sabuya isibetho sathi qwele kakhulu ngokukhawuleza.

epiphytotics Progressive ukuqala nge kujoliswe enye zasehlotyeni omnye ibetheke indawo enkulu. Zingakotshwa ezosulela nje emoyeni, kodwa twa zizinambuzane.

epiphytotic Egqugqisileyo ngokusisiseko lugubungela lonke ilizwe, okanye lizwekazi. Esi simo kunqabile kakhulu.

Ukongeza kwezi kukho iintlobo ezintathu epiphytotics kade kwaye likhula ngokukhawuleza.