Volkhov HPP: inkcazo kunye photo. Imbali i Volkhov kwisitishi kagesi

Njengoko yaziwa, Alessandro Volta wasungula lo ibhetri yokuqala yombane 1800, ngomnyaka. Emva kokuba amashumi asixhenxe amandla yokuqala, yaye esi siganeko kuye ngonaphakade batshintsha ngayo ubomi babantu. Abaninzi kubo ezingeni ngendlela yobugcisa, yaye kungekudala kakhulu wanika indlela eya kwizikhululo ngakumbi kakuhle. Noko ke, phakathi izityalo yaye ayevile. Umzekelo, i-Volkhov ngamanzi Power Plant, leyo isebenza namhlanje, wayengomnye wabantu bokuqala eyakhelwe ngexesha leSoviet. It isaziwa oqingqiweyo inzululwazi nobugcisa kwaye kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona ndawo zoshishino lommandla Leningrad.

Volkhov

Russia - ilizwe yemilambo emikhulu, ngoko ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, abayili abaninzi baqala ukuphuhlisa iiprojekthi ngokusetyenziswa ngamandla umbane. Kuye ziye zaphawulwa kwaye umlambo Volkhov. Kwimephu lwelizwe lethu kulula ukufumana, ekubeni kuphela owawuphuma of Lake Ilmen. Kwaye akukho wokugqibela msebenzi wayo njengoko Volhov uyakwazi ukutshintsha indlela. Oku kwenzeka kumanqanaba asezantsi zamanzi kunye ilmenite ngenxa pressurization amanzi yonikezelo.

iprojekthi yembali Volkhov HPP

Ingcamango Ukwakhiwa izityalo lombane phezu komlambo Volkhov kuqala abatyunjiweyo njineli GO Graftio ngo-1902. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini kamva, yena zaphuculwa kunike ukuvela turbines ezinamandla ngakumbi, yandule ukwandlalwa urhulumente of tsarist Russia. Le projekthi iye ayibangelwa umdla omkhulu phakathi kwamagosa, wahamba, njengoko bathi, phantsi kwekhaphethi. Ngowe-1917, injineli yakwazi ukuba nomdla uRhulumente umntwana lwethutyana, apho ugunyaziwe umsebenzi ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa izityalo ezitsha amandla ngamanzi. Yayiqhubeka iinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela kwaye Kumiswe ngenxa revolution kunye neziganeko emva ezakhokelela ekuweni koqoqosho. Lilinge yesibini ukuqalisa ukwakhiwa izityalo lombane phezu komlambo Volkhov ngomxhino ngoncedo V. I. Lenina ngo-1918, lo nyaka, kodwa sakhatywa kungekudala. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1921, kule mveliso yabandakanywa kwisicwangciso kombane.

zokwakha

Kungekudala Volkhov HPP liya kubhiyozela unyaka 95. Kwaba kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, urhulumente waseSoviet yamkela isigqibo malunga ekwakhiweni kwayo. Yaye xwebhu esithathwe entlanganisweni ye-Central Executive Committee intlanganiso RSFSR yesibhozo, oko kwachazwa ukuba into iya kunceda ukusombulula ingxaki lombane Petrograd buziphelise kwintlekele amafutha ixesha elide. Ukongeza, ngo-1922 i-Government of the RSFSR wayalelwa ngamaziko afanelekileyo ukuze basebenzisane ngokupheleleyo Volkhovstroy. Ngenxa kwemizamo yobuqhawe abasebenzi ngoJulayi 1926 ukusebenza yesango kwesikhululo samandla ngamanzi amatsha yaphehlelelwa, leyo ukuba ukuvula nge lokuhla phezu komlambo Volkhov. Xa ifowuni yayinomkhukula ichibi amawaka 10 ngehektare lomhlaba wezolimo.

imbali yokusebenza

Wokunikezelwa Volkhov amandla kagesi yaqhutywa ngoDisemba 1926. Emva koko ke izakuqalwa aphehla emithathu Abaseleyo iyasebenza kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezizayo. Ngelo xesha, Volkhov amandla ngamanzi 58 MW. Kwiminyaka elandelayo ngayo ngokuthe wande, yi-40 ekuqaleni 'ukuba 66 MW.

Xa besondela imigca eziphambili HPP kunyaka wamashumi amane ananye i Volkhov izixhobo ngamanzi waqhaqhwa zisuswe. Ngethamsanqa, awakwazanga walithimba ziko ngokweqhinga ebalulekileyo, yaye ekwindla ka-1942, xa imeko ngcono noko, ezintathu kagesi siphinde ifakiwe-wabeka ukusebenza. Ukongeza, emazantsi of Lake Ladoga angalalisa USB, yaye ukususela ngaloo mzuzu Volkhov sisityalo ngamanzi (ifoto kwexesha phantse watshabalala) uze kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu umbane le iLeningrad ongqingiweyo. Ngaxeshanye kunye lo msebenzi thina ukuzisa amandla into kumanani pre-imfazwe, oko efikelelweyo yi-Oktobha 1944, kwaye HPP nokubuyiselwa iyonke sagqitywa ngowe-1945.

Kumashumi eminyaka elandelayo Volkhov isityalo ngamanzi esisebenza kakuhle, yaye ngo-1966 ngenxa yomsebenzi okudala iqela yawo yanikwa IMbasa Red Banner.

Retooling

Phakathi kuka-1993 no-1996, iminyaka Volkhov kwisitishi ngamanzi, ogama iifoto anike ingcamango imbonakalo yalo, iye yalungiswa. Ngokukodwa, ukutshintshwa iiyunithi amathathu sizukulwana emsebenzini kwi namandla kakhulu 12 MW nganye. Ekuqaleni eyayicwangciselwe ukuba kunjalo endaweni abaseleyo injini,, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali, le nkqubo ilibazisekile kakhulu. Enoba Kwathi, ekupheleni kuka-2007, sangena isivumelwano endaweni isityalo yokuqala ngamanzi ukuba akwazi ukuphumeza kwiminyaka emibini kuphela kamva. Okwangoku, i-Volkhov umsebenzi isikhululo ngamanzi maxesha nangoku ayikagqitywa. Kulindeleke ukuba emva ukutshintshwa zonke iiyunithi hydraulic okuxhobisa iza kwandiswa ukuya 98 MW.

mashishini namhlanje

Volkhov isityalo ngamanzi yenye koxinzelelo channel ephantsi. Ukubunjwa emisebenzini ziquka:

• Eziphathekayo ubude dam lwedama ayi 212;
• ukwakha izityalo umbane;
• rybohodnoe ukwakha;
• gumbi lock yokuthumela;
• ovulela;
• ledozaschitnaya udonga kokuba ubude leemitha 256.

Avareji imveliso ngonyaka amandla yombane ka-347 Volkhovskaya Mill. KvVtch. Isakhiwo mveliso lwamandla iiyunithi ezilishumi ebabusisakha-yezihlunu hydraulic ukusebenza kwi yintloko kweemitha ezili-11. Ingcinezelo izibonelelo aphehla zenza Volkhov ndawo. indawo yayo 2,02 macala onke. km, kwaye umthamo luncedo - million 24.36 cubic metres ..

ihlele

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, i Volkhov ngamanzi Power Plant yi lesikhumbuzo umdla isayensi nethekhinoloji, ngoko kukho kusoloko oluninzi zokufuna ukuba batyelele le sayithi kwaye simazi iimpawu zayo zoyilo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka bapase i-akhawunti yokuqala kwi i uhambo iqembu, apho kunokwenzeka kuphela xa noqeqesha ngenkqubo yokundwendwela. Le program yohambo ezinjalo ekhokelwa ziquka i uhambo edamini ngamanzi, abebetyelele imyuziyam-yokuhlala Genriha Osipovicha Graftio kunye igumbi umatshini, kwakunye familiarization kunye kwimbali kwedama. Kwakhona, ukuba phambi kwakho imaphu Volkhov, ngoko, ekhangela ngokusondeleyo, ungabona ukuba kufutshane nedama lizele izinto ezinomdla. Ngokukodwa, ukuba ufuna ungatyelela iSixeko Museum neBandla Mihaila Arhangela.

Volkhov amandla kagesi kwimaphu

Ukuya kwisikhululo samandla ngamanzi singaba kuloliwe, leyo isuka ukusuka kwisikhululo sikaloliwe eMoscow ukuya kwisikhululo sikaloliwe "Volkhov", okanye imoto kuhola "Kola". HPP kuya kukunceda ufumane imephu Volkhov, thaca ngezantsi, apho ufuna ukufumana idilesi: Graftio street, 1.

Ngoku uyazi, yayingeyiyo Volkhov kwisitishi ngamanzi, indima edlalwe yile nkxaso bokwenene-ubomi wayingqinga iLeningrad, ibe yintoni emlindeleyo kwixesha elizayo.