Iimpawu zoqoqosho ukhuseleko kwezoqoqosho (concepts esisiseko)

ziingxaki zemali kunye noqoqosho zibe negalelo badla elibi kakhulu kwi isakhono kwamashishini mihla mveliso: kancane kancane okanye utyalo-mali elingekhoyo ngokupheleleyo kwimveliso kunye nenkqubo ezintsha, iqala ukunxiba kunye nokuguga asethi ezisisigxina, siphelisa amandla lwezenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, kwaye uninzi abasebenzi abatsha kunye nabanezakhono ushiye indawo yabo yomsebenzi . Iimpawu zoqoqosho ukhuseleko kwezoqoqosho ukuvumela ukuba siqonde indlela inkampani ethile ilungele iimeko ezinjalo, nokuba uya kuba nako ukuyiphepha ezi zinto ezimbi.

Yiyo le nto kufuneka uqonde ukuba yintoni na ezo izikhombisi, nendlela zinikwa.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Kungenxa yesi sizathu, phambi zonke usuku ngoku kubonakala umsebenzi ongxamisekileyo kakhulu zangaphakathi self-evaluation kunye noqikelelo olumalunga imo yabo ngokwemigaqo features:

• ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo ishishini engundoqo;
• ukwamkelwa amanyathelo okukhusela le misebenzi (okt, nokuba bathe ukudala nezalathisi zoqoqosho ukhuseleko kwezoqoqosho nokuveliswa naziphi na izenzo imvelaphi lwangaphakathi okanye lwangaphandle, nto leyo echaphazela amandla zenkampani);
• ukwakha inkqubo epheleleyo esweni iziphawuli ezahlukeneyo ukhuseleko;
• ukufunda kwaye amisele beminyango kwezi zalathisi;
• iintlobo ngeentlobo amanyathelo ejolise imifanekiso izisongelo kunokwenzeka.

Ingxaki ephambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba nezalathisi zoqoqosho ukhuseleko kwezoqoqosho, kuvela kulo naliphi na ishishini nje kuphela ngenxa ntlekele, kodwa xa isebenza kwimeko ezinze ngokupheleleyo, kodwa iyahluka okujoliswe kakhulu entsonkothileyo ezifuna ukuqwalaselwa.

ukusebenza ezinzile

Ngeli xesha, xa inkqubo yokusombulula iingxaki zokhuseleko kwezoqoqosho kule nkampani engundoqo kufuneka bajolise ingqalelo yayo kwindlela ukugcina isingqisho eqhelekileyo yentengiso kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso zayo, ukuthintela umonakalo zemali kunye eziphathekayo ukulwa imbonakaliso yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokhuphiswano olungafanelekanga, kwakunye nawuphi na unobangela okungagunyaziswanga ukufikelela kulwazi nkonzo ezikhoyo, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa zolwazi computer.

sphere Production lwamashishini ngokwenene kakuhle, nto leyo ziyaphuculwa ngendlela ngexesha, akukho mthombo ingxaki enokwenzeka hayi kuphela umnini kunye nabasebenzi bakhe, kodwa ngenxa arhente lemarike abo iimveliso kule nkampani, oko kukuthi kubathengi yayo ngezivumelwano. Ngoko ke, simele kweli nqanaba, qiniseka ukuba nkampani izikhombisi zoqoqosho efanelekileyo yokhuseleko kwezoqoqosho, kuba ivumela ukomeleza kakhulu indima yayo urhwebo esebenzayo.

ixesha lobunzima

Okwangoku, eyona inkulu nayiphi na inkampani ukutshabalala izakhono zalo lwenzululwazi nobugcisa, abantu, lobuchwepheshe kunye nemveliso, ezo eyona miba ephambili yobomi yayo nayiphi na inkampani nokuqinisekisa iimpawu zalo ezisisiseko. Ngelo xesha, ukuba ngaphandle kokuba iimpawu ezifanelekileyo ukhuseleko kwezoqoqosho, iimeko zoqoqosho zezo apho kube nzima ukuqinisekisa amandla unakho ukuzala ngakumbi.

Resources for kwishishini bunokufunyanwa kuphela neziphumo zemisebenzi yalo, ngokunjalo ngokusetyenziswa kwemali waboleka, yaye kufuneka baqonde kakuhle ukuba zombini ezi mithombo ze investment kunye kuqala lobunzima iinkampani ezininzi wayesaphila.

Le meko

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uninzi enkulu kwamashishini zasekhaya, asebenza kwimeko yezoqoqosho ukutshabalala, ukulunga lutho, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha umntu banikwa zalathisi yokhuseleko kwezoqoqosho, baza ngokusebenzisa recession mveliso nzulu, kwaye yimali okanye kubonwa.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo izinto ezikhokelela kuphuhliso edakumbisayo, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabo akhiwa kule inertia le isakhiwo mveliso, ukwehla emzimbeni-asethi ezisisigxina, iphelelwe zeteknoloji, kwakunye kungekho ngokupheleleyo eziphambili eziphambili eqhuba nkqubo yenzululwazi kunye nezoshishino. Kulo mzekelo, inkcazelo ngabaya kuza kuvumela ukwenza uhlengahlengiso elifunekayo ezinamandla ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kulawulo, nto leyo kwasekwa phantsi kakuhle ngokupheleleyo ngokubhekiselele nguqulelo kwicandelo yangoku, musa ukuvumela amashishini ukuba ngokuzimeleyo ukufumana iimali eziyimfuneko maxesha abo.

Yintoni leyo ithetha?

Ngenxa yale isikhundla sabo apho izalathi si zokunikwa ukhuseleko kwezoqoqosho kunye nemigubasi yabo iphantsi kakhulu, kudala imeko ngokwenene yingozi, hayi nje kuqoqosho, kwakunye uzinzo lwezentlalo eluntwini ngokubanzi kunye nemimandla ngamnye ingakumbi, kodwa ngenxa amandla kunye neenkampani nemibutho ngamnye. Ngapha koko, amashishini industrial, emele isakhiwo iphambili element kwezoqoqosho kuba kuphela imisebenzi zemveliso, kodwa ikwabonelela indlela subsistence abantu abaninzi ezinxulumene nazo, oko kukuthi, athwale uxanduva lomthwalo lwentlalo.

Ngenxa nomthamo buso umthwalo kunye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kakuhle, kwaye uqhubele ukutshatyalaliswa umthamo wadala amashishini ngaphambili, baqalise yingozi kwizinto zokufunda kunye isiseko kwezoqoqosho ekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi.

I ezisemqoka

Akukho ishishini akakwazi kuthiwa sisitali, ukuba abathanga ukunika izikhombisi zokhuseleko kwezoqoqosho kunye imigubasi yomnyango zabo, kunye neemveliso zayo ayikwazi kufunwa emarikeni. Akukho ishishini zokwenza imveliso ye indlela wokwenziwa inokuba ekhuselekileyo, ukuba ngalo mzuzu kukho womelele, kwaye ngexesha elinye kakhulu ukwehla elide kuphuhliso uzobe olwenziwe kwelizwe liphela.

Kweli nqanaba ngokucacileyo kakhulu wanda ngendlela amashishini mihla balahlekelwe izalathisi ezingundoqo ukhuseleko kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza ubugcisa ophezulu kunye neemveliso nobunzima kakhulu, yaye oku kusebenza kuphela kolu phuhliso mihla, kodwa kwanabo iimveliso ezenziwa ngaphambili phantsi kweemeko zoqoqosho ezizinzileyo uphuhliso. Kuthiwa namhlanje kukho isoyikiso ngenxa yotshintsho izixhobo elinemveliso iseti lwamashishini ezisisiseko, kuquka izithuthi, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, amandla, icandelo lwekhemikhali, utsalo izimbiwa kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Esona sizathu sibalulekileyo apha usendleleni yokuba walahlekelwa izalathisi eziphambili zokhuseleko kwezoqoqosho, kwakunye yingxenye eyinkunzi ukuphelwa lixabiso esisigxina indawo ngokupheleleyo kubo ngezixhobo yasekhaya mihla kukho iye kakhulu ngakumbi nzima okanye kube nzima nokuba. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ushishino mihla eRashiya imalunga 80% izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye noomatshini imveliso yasekhaya, yaye indawo yazo ezithile zokuthenga yokungenisa omkhulu akunakwenzeka ukusuka kwindawo nemali.

Ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha umntu zaye zachongwa imiqathango eyimfuneko kunye nezalathisi yokhuseleko kwezoqoqosho, kukho inani elikhulu leenkampani bayeka nje umsebenzi wabo, ekubeni basebenzise izixhobo othambe kakhulu, ube umjikelo wemveliso elide. Kulo mzekelo, akukho umthamo efunekayo imveliso volume ukulinganisa Ezincwadini yokulahlwa kwe-asethi ezisisigxina.

Ezibangela ingxaki

Iseti engundoqo yeengxaki, ngokunjalo izinto ezibalulekileyo iingxaki ezikhoyo kumashishini ezininzi kwezoshishino zezi zilandelayo:

• iimveliso azikho zifunwa kwiimarike basekhaya angaphandle, njengoko sele ukhuphiswano elisezantsi;
• olusele imithombo utyalo-mali ngokupheleleyo;
• yaqinisa ingxaki zemali, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukujikeleziswa mali iya kubhuqwa, kwaye kukho iindleko ezahlukeneyo kwenkqubo ekhoyo urhafiso zabavelisi yorhwebo, echaphazela ngokungalunganga ukusebenza kwamashishini ezinjalo;
• urhulumente akayifezi izibophelelo zayo ngokuphathelele odolo intlawulo iimfuno zabo;
• iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukunika utshintsho lweziko, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni lokuqhekeka inani elikhulu kwizakhiwo zoshishino eziqhelekileyo ukuya ezincinane kakhulu, yaye ezi sasikwanti kwaye, ngokulandelelana, kukhukelelele ekwandeni iindleko yokuthenga ukuze umda ngalinye ngaphezu kwama-20%, nto leyo, senziwa ukunyuka kwexabiso imveliso yokugqibela;
• exchange angaphandle kunye namasiko nemiqobo kwi imida yamazwe ezahlukeneyo ico, leyo ngaphambili aba yinxalenye isithuba esinye kwezoqoqosho.

Oku kuphela izizathu ezibangele ukuba izikhombisi kunye nokhuseleko kwezoqoqosho nakwabangapasanga ngamashishini zasekhaya mihla.

ngenxa

Konke oku kungentla ekugqibeleni kubonakala kwinto yokuba amashishini abaninzi nje ayikho indlela ngenene ngempumelelo ngokuzimeleyo ukungena kwimarike zokwexeshana ukuba asungule kamva kwindlela entsha lemarike yolawulo.

Iinkampani Modern wabonakala ingafikeleleki kubo kuhlawulwa kunye ezifunyanwayo, yaye ziyindlela sizathu eziye abangekafezekisi izalathi efunekayo ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho urhulumente, nto leyo ke kaninzi ukuhlawulela izinto ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo yenziwa phantsi komyalelo ngamnye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zikarhulumente, apho kamva Oku kubangela ukuxubana sokungagqibeki ehamba ecaleni chain phakathi kwamasebe ezahlukeneyo.

Abathengi kunye nabenzi isincedisi bazama ukuba ahlawule ngokusebenzisa unaniselwano, njengokuba naye abanayo imali efunekayo imali, oko baphulukana indlela namathuba yokusebenza. Ekugqibeleni, ukhuseleko yezoqoqosho kwenkqubo kwezalathisi, kwakunye amandla ezoshishino lwenzululwazi-technical kwamashishini mihla ixesha elide ngenkuthalo kuthotywa kwaye kakhulu iingcali abafanelekayo eqala ukuphuma, ezama ukufumana amaxabiso ngenxa ubuchule babo kunye nomgudu. iingcali Kwakhona ezilahlekileyo, ekwaziyo inkonzo ingasebenzi ixesha elide, izixhobo imveliso nokuqinisekisa ulondolozo kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo.

Kukho ntoni na?

Omnye wemisebenzi engundoqo yomgaqo-nkqubo okhoyo yenzululwazi kunye industrial kukarhulumente kukuzuza yokuqhelanisa ezilawulwa iinkampani ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kuphela kwemiyalelo njengorhulumente imfuno emarikeni, kodwa ekugqibeleni iye yaphunyezwa, ibangele nezalathisi ekuhlaleni ukhuseleko kwezoqoqosho leenkampani ezininzi kwaye kakhulu kwinqanaba elisezantsi.

umthamo olulungisiweyo imibutho ayimfuneko smooth ukungena kwabo kwimarike ngoku, yaba alwanelanga phambi iimeko ukusilela iyonke yolawulo karhulumente phezu uqoqosho, ikakhulu kummandla ukuthengisa imveliso mveliso, ulawulo ixabiso bodwa zendalo, ukhuselo kurhwebo lwasekhaya kunye nomdla abavelisi zasekhaya yorhwebo iimveliso, kwakunye ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo zangaphakathi.

Kuthetha ntoni kukhokelela?

Ukulahlekelwa lulawulo kuqoqosho ekugqibeleni kwavusa ukwehla kunokuba elibukhali kwiimeko zoqoqosho lwamashishini mihla. Ngenxa nengcitho ingxaki zemali, utyalo-mali kunye nokhuseleko kwezoqoqosho izalathi si zokunikwa ilizwe kwizinga nokuba asezantsi, njengoko imigudu iinkqubo deformation ezahlukeneyo ibakho kulwakhiwo lokwanda iminikelo yawo. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuhla elibukhali kwi amatsha kunye notyalo umsebenzi, nto leyo yenza kube nzima ukuqhuba inkqubo yokuzala. bayeka Phantse yonke ukuhlaziya inxalenye ebonakalayo mali izinto ezingahambiyo, kodwa oku kwandisa inkqubo 'ukutya kude "kunye nokwehla. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa indima yabo esebenzayo, oko kukuthi, izixhobo kunye noomatshini, efanele ezingundoqo ezintsha.
• Kwezithandani yemfuno kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukungabikho kwee-odolo kunye neenzuzo kwiinkampani ezininzi, nto leyo mandundu ngakumbi kwamaxabiso aphezulu kunye nokukhula enamandla iindleko zokwakha, amandla kunye amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ngenxa amazinga aphezulu umdla nokunciphisa uphelelo izibonelelo nokuba minor lwangaphakathi ndikho inkampani, musa ukuba inkuthazo kwezoqoqosho kuyimfuneko ukugcina ukuzala, oko kukuthi, buyanceda zabo ukwalathisa ukhangele ukuselwa yangoku.
• Wancipha okanye bayeka ngokupheleleyo ngemali evela ezahlukeneyo yophando kunye nophuhliso kule karhulumente kwisigaba kobugcisa ophezulu, kunye nokungabikho epheleleyo kwiimalizabo ayikuvumeli phambili nokudalwa wenkqubela kwezobuchwepheshe ukuba sibonelela ngenkqubo-sikhokelo nophuhliso lobugcisa.

main ezinobungozi

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ze izoyikiso, ngenxa apho abawayo nezalathisi zoqoqosho zokhuseleko eRashiya. Ngeendlela ezininzi, bona ngenxa nje kuphela kuphuhliso edlulileyo, kodwa ke iimpazamo ezenziwe inkqubo yokuvuselelwa nkqubo kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yokuphulukana kolawulo kwezoqoqosho. Ngokukodwa, oku kusebenza oku kulandelayo:

• Zalisa ukungabikho izicwangciso ezithile concept zakhiwe kunye neenkqubo zophuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho ngakumbi, nto leyo ezicwangciselwe iinjongo azuzwe.
• lag Ukusoloko kuphuhliso, ukunqongophala consistency nemfezeko wokubonelela olumisiweyo ngokomthetho yommiselo kwezoqoqosho.
• emngciphekweni omkhulu yomgaqo-lawulo wemali karhulumente kwicandelo logcino kwakunye lwemali kunye stock iimarike. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yerhafu azibi.
• unomphelo kwenkqubo ekhoyo lokukhulisa amandla elinemveliso ngenxa yokungabikho emsebenzini investment.
• Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwamaxabiso, kunye nokungabikho ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo kwemozulu utyalo-mali kuqoqosho yangoku. kwinkcitho ekhoyo ngoku ekhethwa kunokuba nobungozi enozinzo.
• Yayisebenzisa ayinabulungisa, kwaye ngokupheleleyo uthengiso ngempumelelo kwempahla karhulumente ipropathi karhulumente kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo.
• Oku kudala iimeko ezinegalelo sabelo kunye ukuthunyelwa ezahlukeneyo izibonelelo zemali.
• ulawulo ulahlekile phezu iimonopoli zendalo kunye nendima yolawulo karhulumente kuxhaphaka buthathaka kumgaqo-nkqubo yazo namaxabiso.

Kwaye yiloo nto kanye esona sizathu sokuba ayikwazi kuphunyezwa nezikhombisi ezinqwenelekayo bommandla okanye ukhuseleko zoqoqosho lwamashishini zelizwe lethu, yaye ziziphi iinkalo ekufuneka senze khona ngoku phambi kokuba nantoni na.