Amaziko lizama nokuva: inkcazelo, isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

ukuva kunye namaziko lizama ukuba izakhiwo ezinzima ezitshintsha ukungcangcazela, amaza omsindo zachongwa, imiqondiso omxhuzulane idluliselwe kwi ebuchotsheni. receptors Basic ibekwe ekuthiwa-run-up kunye njengecochlea membranous le indlebe. Ngesakhiwo eseleyo zenza indlebe yangaphakathi nophakathi, iyavumelana. Kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha ngokweenkcukacha amalungu yokuva eseleyo, analyzers zabo.

indlebe yangaphandle

Thaca lo pinna lwangaphandle - ilastiki izihlunu intlala wambu ngesikhumba. Lobe indlebe engaphandle isakhiwo ezityebileyo. Ngenxa yokuba indlebe engaphandle lomntu phantse engashukumi, indima yakhe kangako ngaphezu koko lwezilwanyana ukuba lo mthombo isandi wabulela ngokugcina ngeendlebe.

Uphuhliso ngaba umbutho ukuva kunye ukulingana yakhokelela ekwakhiweni kwi auricle lwangaphandle emphethweni zabantu uphawu curls ukuba kukhuthaza ulungiso nkqo kunye izandi tye nendawo.

Inxalenye olungaphandle iqumrhu ezindlebeni ubude zomyalelo 2.5-3.5 mm ububanzi of mm-6 ukuya kwi-8. Inyama cartilaginous yoVandlakanyo meatus eziviwayo udlula kakuhle kwi ithambo. Umphezulu engaphakathi engaphandle indlebe epithelium ilandelelanisiwe kunye nomxholo kwamadlala sebaceous. Le earwax zokugqibela, ukongeza amafutha, ukuvelisa, nto leyo ethintela uthuli ezinokosulela umzimba, ubutyobo, likhusela ngokuchaseneyo ukukhula ezincinane.

walimala

It has indlela inwebu ubukhulu obhityileyo hayi ngaphezulu kwe 0.1 mm, ophezu kumda nendlebe engaphandle nophakathi. amaza omsindo ziboniswe kwi convolutions yendlebe, uwele indlebe emseleni, ebangela intlokoma le indlebe. Ngenxa yoko, iziganeko ezenziwe kudluliselwa nendlebe.

nendlebe

Isiseko wendlebe eliphakathi umngxuma omncinane malunga 1 ^cm-3, nto leyo imi kummandla ithambo nezenyama Amaza. It ligcine eminye ossicles bezandi - ekuthiwa nestibili, ukuxakaxwa, kunye nensimbi. Zezona iziqwenga ithambo omncinane eyenza organ yokuva eseleyo. Innervates isethi yayo ehambisana of luvo.

Indlebe engaphakathi

Yintoni na iqumrhu yokuva eseleyo? Histology wendlebe engaphakathi limelwe zinto zilandelayo:

1. mibono bony, kuqulethe ivaranda indlebe yangaphakathi, imisele omise kunye bone njengecochlea. Ezi izinto zizaliswe perilymph - ngqo ulwelo oguqula intlokoma olunzulu mechanical.
2. Le mibono membranous, nto leyo limelwe kwisingxobo ungqukuva kwaye okweqanda nemisele ezintathu membranous omise. inxaxheba Ekubeni enikwe kule indlebe yangaphakathi kwaye ithambo mibono linoxanduva lokugcina imali umzimba esithubeni.
3. Njengecochlea - ngaba umbutho yokuva eseleyo, isakhiwo evumela ukuba ukuguqula intlokoma olunzulu uchulumanco luvo. 2.5 Iifom a coil ijelo cochlear, ezo ezahlulwe inwebu obhityileyo kakhulu kwaye Reissner basic, inwebu ashinyeneyo ngakumbi. Le yokugqibela luquka kwimicu ngaphezulu kwama-20,000 ezithile, ezo zibizwa ngokuba imitya eziviwayo. Oluka ngaphesheya indlebe ndizayo.

iziko Corti

Sinoxanduva owabumba neemvakalelo-luvo ukuba idluliselwe kwi-luvo ebuchotsheni. Body imelwe ngokohlobo iinwele embalwa, apho asebenze receptor.

Ngokwalo, inkqubo ukubunjwa neemvakalelo-luvo ngulo ulandelayo. amaza omsindo evela ngaphandle, ukuqhuba kulwelo njengecochlea. Iintshukumo ke idluliselwe kwi sistapes, yandula inwebu iiseli iinwele. Isakhiwo thaca yitile, nto leyo ebangela ukudluliselwa zimpawu ukuze luvo. Iiseli iinwele uqhagamshele receptors ezibuthathaka, leyo kunye zenze luvo eziviwayo.

Imisebenzi licandelo ukuva, ukulingana,

Bucala le misebenzi ilandelayo ngaba umbutho yokuva ukulingana:

1. Indlebe engaphandle likhusela ngaphakathi emzimbeni kungcoliseko, ibonisa isandi ukuya endlebeni lomsele.
2. Nendlebe uqhuba oscillations Amaza yesandi. Isando ayiphendule intshukumo indlebe, wayithumela ukuya nestibili nensimbi.
3. Indlebe engaphakathi isandi imbono kwaye inika Imiqondiso ethile lokuzazisa (intetho, umculo, njalo-njalo).
4. Le misele omise igalelo ukuyilwa nemvo ukulingana kwisithuba, ukuba umzimba ukuthatha indawo eyiyo kwi iintshukumo emgceni.

amaziko lizama nokuva: izifo eziqhelekileyo

Kukho intaphane yezifo ukudumba, non-ukudumba, kunye nohlobo esosulelayo okuchaphazela kwamaziko ajongene nokusekwa kunye nokugcinwa ukuva yokuqhelaniswa esithubeni. Noko kunzima ukuphelisa ezibonisa zophendlo lwezifo njengolwakhiwo entsonkothileyo isixhobo indlebe kunye nohlobo ekwanti zamaqumrhu ibekwe. Makhe siqwalasele inani ezisisiseko izifo ezichaphazela amaziko sizinze kwaye Bakuva ayivalele iindlela awanyange.

izifo arhabaxa

Phakathi izifo iindidi zimelwe kufanele kuphawulwe:

• media otitis;
• otosclerosis;
• labyrinthitis.

Ezi zifo bavame kwisiqalo kwezifo elidlulileyo ezosulelayo okanye wentsholongwane egazini, leyo abekiwe kwi nasopharynx.

Ukuba sithethe otitis, ukubonakala zazo eziphambili izenzo ukurhawuzelela endlebeni emseleni uphuhliso intlungu iqaqamba, yaye kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu - suppuration Nanjengomvumbi sendlebe lomsele. Konke oku kubonisa kuzwa.

Kuba ezi nkqubo ukudumba njengoko labyrinthitis kunye otosclerosis, ebonakala yi ifiva, iqapheleka iintlungu ukudubula imbonakalo endlebeni lomsele. Kwimeko impendulo ulibele umba kwandisa amathuba umonakalo zophendlo lwezifo ukuya indlebe ngesakhiwo yaye ngenxa yoko - ilahleko ngokupheleleyo kwetyala.

Phakathi kwezinye iimpawu, enokuthi ikhatshwe ngexesha izifo ukudumba ziquka: nesiyezi, ukulahlekelwa ikhono lokubona ngokugxila, uwise umgangatho labona izandi ngamnye.

amalungu asha of lizama nokuva liphathwa indlebe ezizodwa kusithwa ukunciphisa ukudumba, sizani intsholongwane indlebe lomsele. Enye indlela ephumelelayo unyango ubandakanya ubushushu indlebe phantsi isibane UV.

izifo non-arhabaxa

Enye izifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo yokuva ukulingana obuxhasa sisifo Meniere kaThixo. Isifo ihamba nokwanda mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala iziselo kwi nemingxuma sendlebe engaphakathi. Isiphumo ukwanda uxinzelelo iziqalelo apparatus vestibular. Iimpawu eziphambili sisifo Meniere kaThixo kukuba ukuduma, isicaphucaphu kunye ubuqhophololo rhoqo, inkqubela ukohlwaya ongaboniyo nganye imini ukuva.

Olunye uhlobo yezifo ezingezizo ukudumba - neuritis nezamkeli eziviwayo. Esi sifo nto ifihlakeleyo kwaye kukhokelela kuphuhliso ngokuthe ngcembe ukuva ilahleko.

Njengoko kwanonyango ngomlinganiswa okondeleyo ezimbi ngentla badla babhenele ungenelelo yotyando. Ukuze ukuthintela ezi ngxaki ezinkulu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuva yococeko, utyelelo ngamaxesha kwagqirha.

izifo ezinzwaneni

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ezingalunganga zesicwangciso kuvela imvelaphi ngokoyiswa endlebeni emisele kunye imbewu ka zomngundo izifo. Kwezinye iimeko, esi sifo senzeka njengempendulo umonakalo inyama esibuhlungu.

Izikhalazo ephambili ababeneziphene yendalo ezinzwaneni zezi: ingxolo rhoqo ukurhawuzelela endlebeni emseleni ukuyilwa netuwa ukusuka indlebe. Ukuphelisa ezinjalo ibandakanya ulawulo arhente nokubola, elabela oyingcali kuxhomekeke phezu uhlobo losulelo.

motion ukugula syndrome

Le misele omise sendlebe yangaphakathi asesichengeni kwiimpembelelo eninzi lwangaphandle. Isiphumo ngokugqithisileyo, aphazamiseke lwabo olunzulu ukukhetha ukuyilwa ukugula motion syndrome. uphuhliso yawo isenokukhokelela yezifo e-nervous system kunye, iinkqubo yawo ukudumba ukuba kwenzeka ngaphakathi yinto yokuncedisa ukuva. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ukuze kupheliswe nobunzima kufuneka kukuphelisa ezo mpawu ziphambili zesi sifo. unyango olusebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo ishenxisa imvakalelo isifo motion, leyo senzeka ngexesha intshukumo isithuthi, iindlela zothutho amanzi.

Ukuqeqesha vestibular

Yintoni ukuba umntu eziphilileyo ukuyilwa lokugula motion syndrome? Isizathu esiyintloko uphuhliso izenzo karhulumente ukugcina umzimba. imithambo rhoqo akuyi kuvumela nje umzimba ukugcina kwezihlunu, kodwa nefuthe kuyingenelo kuzinzo izixhobo vestibular ezintweni ngamandla.

Abantu agule motion, kucetyiswa ukuba wenze ukomelela, aerobics, ngolwaa, ukubaleka imigama emide, ukudlala imidlalo. Ngexesha intshukumo yomzimba ngesantya esahlukileyo kwaye enze iintshukumo lwezindlu kwi-engile ezahlukeneyo ngcembe zicinezelwa excitation ngokugqithisileyo kwisixhobo vestibular. Emva kwexesha elithile, amalungu yombono, ukuva nokulungelelana iphakathi imali eseleyo kangangoko. Konke oku kuvumela ukuba balahle le isiyezi kunye isicaphucaphu, aye ngenxa yokugula motion.

ukuva Health

Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni zetyala, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe amanyathelo yococeko elula. Ngenxa yoko, engaqhelekanga ukucocwa indlebe indlela sulphur waqokelela kunokubangela ukuyilwa iiplagi, ethi ichaphazele ilahleko ukuva. Ukuze uphephe oku ukuqaleka, ukuba kuyimfuneko ngamathuba athile ukuhlamba izikhwebu ngesepha namanzi. Apha, nokucoca indlebe emisele kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iintonga umqhaphu ekhethekileyo, ukususela isicelo kwedatha ukuba izinto nzima kunokubangela umonakalo ndizayo tympanic. Ukuba lokumisa sulphuric Awukwazi ukususa ezabo, kufuneka wenze inkqubo efanelekileyo kwagqirha.

Ngaba umbutho yokuva ukulingana, indlela ezakhiwe ngayo oludityaniswe ngqo nasopharynx, kufuna unyango kwangethuba kwezifo ezifana njengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, imasisi, umqala obuhlungu. Xa zingene kwamagciwane tube eziviwayo kukwazi ukuba ukudumba kuphela, kodwa konakalise amalaphu.

Kuchaphazela ubuthulu unako ubukho ixesha elide kwabantu kwiindawo ezinengxolo, izandi ngqwabalala. Ukuba usebenza kwiimeko ezinjalo kumgca umsebenzi, ezindlebeni zenu kufuneka zikhuselwe kunye earplugs ezizodwa okanye head.

Ekuphetheni

Ngoko Wajonga isakhiwo welungu yokuva nokulungelelana, indlela isandi imbono ibonwa eziqhelekileyo zophendlo lwezifo kunye neempawu yezempilo. Njengoko kubonakala, zokugcinwa lezempilo kufuneka inikwe ixabiso iimpawu iimpawu ezinokwehlela kuzwa. Ukwenzela ukuphepha iingxaki ezingeyomfuneko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba isaveyi bafune iingcebiso zonyango.