Uqoqosho Norway: iimpawu ngokubanzi

North Country Norway eyaziwa umgangatho wayo ophakamileyo wokuphila. Eli lizwe Kulula kakhulu nazo yeengxaki zemali ehlabathini jikelele kunye noqoqosho lubonisa uzinzo kunye namandla ezintle. Uqoqosho Norwegian yahlukile kwezinye amazwe aseYurophu? Siya ndithi malunga awohluke zoqoqosho Norwegian, isakhiwo sayo kunye nethemba.

Geography of Norway

uqoqosho Norway kukuba ngandlel 'ithile ngenxa Indawo esikuyo lizwe. Urhulumente ise kwinxalenye esentshona kwe yaseScandinavia Peninsula e Northern Europe. Kuba buxhomekeke kakhulu phezu kweelwandle leyo ndahlamba. Unxweme yelizwe yi-25 amawaka eekhilomitha. Norway ukufikelela kweelwandle amathathu: Barents, Norwegian kunye North. Eli lizwe imingcele Sweden, Finland naseRashiya. Ubuninzi ilizwe ukwakweli mpumalanga, kodwa inika kwintsimi enkulu (50,000) siqithi umxokelelwane, ezinye zazo nabemi. Unxweme Norway lungqamane yi imifula sithi ndijonge. Le ukukhululeka kwindawo engundoqo ye lizwe kakhulu weentaba. Ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, oko yolula uluhlu intaba, nto leyo maxa wambi utshintsha kunye umhlaba ephakamileyo neentlambo ezinzulu zigqunywe ngamahlathi. North kweli lizwe benza Arctic. Ezantsi kunye nakumbindi lehewu kakuhle ulimo. Eli lizwe esisityebi kunene amatsha, kukho amachibi malunga namawaka 150 nemilambo ezininzi, inkulu kubo i Glomma. Norway ayikho esisityebi kunene izimbiwa ezahlukeneyo, kodwa oovimba ebonakalayo igesi, neoli, nezentsimbi ekrwada eziliqela, ikopolo, nelothe.

Climate and nendawo

Norway ukho kwindawo eziphembelela efudumeleyo Gulf Stream kwaye yenza imozulu wendawo zamva ngaphezu koko lokuba phezu ngama efanayo Alaska kunye eSiberia kakhulu. Kodwa isimo sezulu ilizwe engenaso bekhululekile ebomini. Inxalenye ntshona lizwe esilawulwa nemisinga efudumeleyo, kwaye kukho ngukumkani a ziingcathu imozulu emanzini ebusika wobulali nehlobo elishushu kungekudala. Apha, isixa esikhulu imvula iwela ngonyaka. Ngo Julayi-Agasti apha umoya ndinobushushu-18 degrees Celsius, ubusika ayikho ngaphantsi kweqondo ezimbini Celsius. Inxalenye engundoqo bobabo kwimozulu epholileyo lizwekazi kunye ebusika obubandayo nehlobo siphila ixesha elifutshane eshushu, kodwa hayi eshushu. Ebusika, kukho ubushushu avareji degrees 10 Celsius, lo gama ehlotyeni umoya ndinobushushu-15 degrees Celsius. Umntla kakhulu kweli lizwe lubonakala ngokuba kwemozulu sub-Arctic kunye, ubusika elide kabuhlungu kunye ehlotyeni mfutshane cool. Ebusika, ithemometha avareji lubonisa Degrees-20, yaye ehlotyeni ithemometha liphuma ukuya kwinqanaba degrees 10 Celsius. E North, kukho ngezenzeko esesibhakabhakeni - kweeUrim Northern.

Ngokubanzi, Norway economics unako ngokufutshane ayinakuchazwa indalo. Apha ingqalelo enkulu eqhotyoshelwe ulondolozo wendalo ye. Nangona okuloba neoli kunokubangela umonakalo indalo kunye nalo ngoxa Norway yiphathi. Kunjalo, kuba umoya ococekileyo kakhulu namanzi, kunye namashishini mveliso ukusebenza imigangatho yokhuseleko ephakamileyo, aphakathi liphezulu ehlabathini. Ukukhula yokumpompoza kwabakhenkethi kukwabonisa isisongelo ethile bume yelizwe kunye nale ngxaki iye nazo sele kusonjululwe.

Imbali nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho

De ngenkulungwane 9 Norway yaba lilizwe elinezinto nabanqobi. Viking uvalo lonke elaseYurophu, lwathi ukuya kunxweme Turkey. Eyona ngeniso babahlali yelizwe kukugcina kunikwe imbeko evela emazweni. Xa Kwiinkulungwane 9-11 ilizwe elikhulu ephethwe yi ngukumkani Norwegian, wahamba indlela oguqukayo, ukuya kummandla izihlandlo eziliqela izama ukungena ubuKristu, kukho usukuzwano phakathi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenzeka uchulumanco abantu. Uqoqosho luhlangabezana utshintsho oluphawulekayo. Territory na irhafu, ziyakhutshwa ngezigaba, baba kuyimfuneko, iindlela ezintsha zolawulo. Ngowe-1184, weza amandla owayesakuba Sverrir umbingeleli, ujongene ngesibetho enamandla abefundisi kunye begazi, yaye wazisa imigaqo ezintsha zempilo zikarhulumente - lwentando yesininzi. Izizukulwana ezilandelayo ezimbalwa yasebukhosini Sizibandakanye lonke eli lizwe kunye nozinziso wezopolitiko. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-13 Norway waba iingxaki ezinkulu kwezolimo, nto leyo ehambisana kunye bhubhane kweso sibetho. Oku kukhokelela buthathaka olomeleleyo karhulumente. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-14, Norway ufumana ithuba elide kuxhomekeka kumazwe aseScandinavia. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba nefuthe elihle kuphuhliso loqoqosho. Ilizwe liya ekubeni ilizwe peripheral kunye koqoqosho buthathaka. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, eli lizwe ezinengxaki enkulu yezoqoqosho ethengiweyo-off, ngenxa ngokuwa okhawulezileyo हायपरटेक्स्ट League. EYurophu kuyaqala ukusebenzisa ngokubonakalayo izinto Norwegian ekrwada: iinkuni, iinqanawa nsimbi. Ivela ukukhula iziqhushumbisi shishino. Kodwa lizwe wahlala yinxalenye Sweden. Ngenkulungwane ye-19 phantsi kobunkokheli Norway Christian Friedrich bakwazi ulikhusele njani ilungelo labo geqe. Kodwa akazange onwabe ixesha elide. Sweden wayengafuni ukushiya le mimandla. Wenkulungwane yonke 19 kwakunzima lwela amalungelo karhulumente yabantu Norwegian kaThixo kunye nemithetho. Ngaxeshanye, ukwanda kwemveliso yoshishino, nto leyo iba iqonga ukuvela kwiklasi osisityebi, abangazange abanqwenela ukuhlala phantsi kolawulo Sweden. Ngowe-1905, eli lizwe likwazile ukuba balahle yempembelelo eSweden, wangumlawuli, isikhulu Danish. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, urhulumente uhlala cala, oku kuvumela Norway ukuphucula kakhulu yokusebenza kuqoqosho lweli. Kodwa ke Ingxaki yezoqoqosho kwihlabathi ezi 30 emva kwexesha 20 nasekuqaleni abazange basinde eli lizwe. Ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, Norway ligqibe ekubeni kube kanye kwakhona cala, kodwa Germany nto sinikele ingqalelo kuyo, uthabathe phezu lizwe. Le minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe baba urhulumente ukuba uqoqosho entsha. Apha, ngaphezu kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, sebenzisa iindlela equitable distribution of yengeniso. Ngeli xesha, inkcazelo jikelele kuqoqosho Norwegian ziya kuchazwa amagama amabini: ubulungisa kunye nedemokhrasi. Country wala kabini ukujoyina i-European Union, nangona iinkqubo inkxaso uhlanganiso kunye Schengen.

Inabantu Norway

Inani labantu kweli lizwe ngakumbi kancinane kwezigidi ezi-5. Ubuninzi babantu ebantwini-16 kuphela square kilometre. km. Inani labemi ephambili buzinze ngasempumalanga lizwe, enabantu abaninzi ummandla oselunxwemeni malunga Oslo, kwakunye emzantsi ntshona weli lizwe. Inxalenye esemantla nakumbindi le phantse ezingenanto, kwaye iziqithi zibe nabemi nangokupheleleyo. uqoqosho Norway namhlanje ibonelela aphezulu engqesho. Malunga ne-75% labemi sifumana umsebenzi. 88% yabantu kunye kwimfundo ephakamileyo babenengxaki ingqesho, oko isalathisi kakhulu eYurophu. Oku kubonisa ukuba uqoqosho kuphuhliswa kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu. Umgangatho ophezulu wobomi kunye nokwandisa ixesha uthe impilo eNorway, kuba umlinganiselo '82.

Ulwakhiwo lwezopolitiko

ENorway inkqubo yabo sezopolitiko lobukhosi siseko. INtloko yesebe yesigqeba karhulumente kunye intloko karhulumente ukumkani. Yowiso-mthetho unoxanduva yipalamente enetsheyimba enye. King ngokusesikweni luluhlu olude elide ngoxanduva kunye namalungelo. Abamisa kwaye ongakwamkeliyo inkulumbuso, ngokunxulumene nemithetho, unoxanduva imfazwe kunye nehlabathi, elikhokelwa yiNkundla Ephakamileyo. Kodwa phantse yonke imiba ezinkulu yobunkokheli yelizwe ibandakanyeka urhulumente kunye noMphathiswa iNkulumbuso entlokweni. Isebe elilawulayo unelungelo lokwenza ulawulo karhulumente lwencwadi uqoqosho eNorway, kuthatha ukulawula phezu umsebenzi kwicandelo likarhulumente, nto leyo kwinqanaba inzuzo kakhulu kuqoqosho, kwakunye livelela umsebenzi kushishino oyile. Ilizwe yahlulelwe kwii ariya-20, ekuthiwa counties, iirhuluneli amiswe kokumkani. County zihlangene Thethani. Eli lizwe ukuba inkqubo ebandakanya amaqela ngamaqela, kwaye rhoqo asakhulayo iintshukumo ezintsha yezopolitiko kunye namaqela efuna ukungena epalamente. Xa uthatha iimanyano ube ukuthembeka omkhulu ubomi kwezopolitiko kunye nolawulo lizwe ababandakanyekayo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi kuqoqosho Norway

EYurophu kukho amazwe amaninzi ukuba baye boyisa yeengxaki zemali kwaye bafumane amathuba okukhula, enye yazo - Norway. Uqoqosho, Kakade, va iimpembelelo zobunzima, kodwa khangela imvelaphi kwamanye amazwe kakuhle. Eli lizwe kwindawo yesine elizweni kwi-GDP nganye capita. Namhlanje karhulumente ibonisa ukukhula okuphakathi, nto leyo ehambisana becala okwandileyo lwecandelo loluntu. A bit yokukhula ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yabathengi kunye nokwanda umsebenzi yabathengi amakhaya. Ezi nkqubo na ahlenga-HIV, kodwa kwisiqalo ngemeko eYurophu, i baseNorway nezizathu nethemba. Urhulumente kufuneka achithe imali eninzi neenzame nokugcina iseti umgangatho ophezulu wokuphila. Yaye imali eninzi kuphando kunye ezintsha lwemveliso, befuna ukufuna diversify uqoqosho kwaye inciphise ukuxhomekeka kwezoqoqosho ebese phezulu kakhulu kushishino lwe-oyile. Ngokubanzi, uqoqosho Norway isekelwe phezu kwimodeli yaseScandinavia of "karhulumente ntle" nokuba ihamba ngempumelelo kweli cala, nangona ngaphandle kobunzima.

isakhiwo

Umfuziselo kwezoqoqosho zimbini Norway kuye kwathetha ukuba iphuhlise kongqinelwano ethile amandla onemveliso. Ubume yoqoqosho Norwegian lubonisa uzinzo gingxi phakathi iindlela zorhwebo kunye gos.regulirovaniem. Eli lizwe ithatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo kuqoqosho kwicandelo likarhulumente. Isimo malunga ne-3% of GDP imali kuphuhliso yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa. imodeli ezithumela imveliso yazo kwiimalike zoqoqosho kukhokelela kukuba kwamanye amazwe ngaphezulu amazwe. 38% ye-GDP yelizwe avela kwamanye amazwe, apho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha iwela kwi-oyile negesi. Urhulumente isebenzela ukunciphisa la manani kunye nempumelelo apho, nangona encinane, kunyaka kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubunzima kumazwe angaphandle 0.1% ye-GDP.

Imisebenzi yorhwebo langaphandle yelizwe

Norway aza sokubambisana kunye kumazwe amaninzi ngokwemiqathango exchange kwempahla, izinto ekrwada kunye technologies. amazwe eNorway kwindawo yokuqala unxulunyaniswa European Union, kwakunye ne-China kunye amanye amazwe Asia. Le urhulumente umthengisi amandla enkulu eYurophu. Gas kunye namafutha kusiwa eFransi, eJamani, eNetherlands, eSweden, UK. Kwakhona Norway uthengisa phesheya izixhobo, imichiza, Intlama nePhepha neemveliso, namalaphu. Ingeniswe ngeemveliso lizwe yokukhanya kunye noshishino ukutya, iimveliso zolimo, izithuthi. Ubume yoqoqosho Norwegian kuxhomekeke kwiintengiso aphesheya, urhulumente kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo iye ekulweni nalo mba sele, kodwa inkqubo sokunabela kuye kwacotha.

imboni extractive

emasimini oyile Norway baqalisa kufuneka ukuba ziphuhliswe kutshanje, ukususela 1970. Ngeli xesha ilizwe wangena ngokuzithemba phakathi bathengisela likhulu lo mthombo wamandla ehlabathini. Kwelinye icala, neoli - yinto inzuzo ukuqina kwilizwe, ivumela urhulumente akuxhomekekanga amaxabiso bangaphandle hydrocarbon. Kodwa uqoqosho yeyela imveliso esebenzayo iminyaka 40 abanamandla ukuxhomekeka nexabiso nkene orhwebo lwe-oyile baqalisa kukhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ezingalunganga. Namhlanje ehlabathini kukho amazwe amaninzi kunye eqinileyo ngokuxhomekeke isikhundla kwimarike zorhwebo, kwaye omnye wabo - eNorway. Amashishini imigodi Sector akhawunti phantse isiqingatha imveliso yeli lizwe. Namhlanje, xa kukho ingxaki kushishino oyile kwenza ilizwe okukhulu benza kuphuhliso kwamanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho.

Iindawo production

Ukongeza amandla kunye nokuveliswa hydrocarbon, eNorway, kukho ezinye namashishini amakhulu. Economics eNorway, linokuchazwa ngokufutshane njengokuba iziqalelo zemveli ezintsha. Ilizwe kuphuhlisa amashishini apho kuye ibingenamongo ngokwembali. Ngokukodwa, bekusoloko kukho imikhumbi owomeleleyo phambili. Namhlanje, imikhumbi yenza malunga ne-1% ye-GDP. zalapho Norwegian ukuqokelela nedlelo iinkampani yokuthutha ioli, kwakunye kwempahla kunye umkhweli kwezithuthi. Enye icandelo elibalulekileyo le-lizwe - oku yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. uqoqosho eNorway usoloko lukwakhuthaza ukuveliswa ferroalloys, kodwa icandelo busezingxakini yaye uncedo. Insimbi yenza malunga ne-0.2% se-GDP. AmaHlathi ido- kunye noshishino iphepha - kwakhona zemveli ngenxa karhulumente Norwegian kwimveliso. iindawo ezibalulekileyo zengqesho eNorway ukuba lokuloba kunye nezolimo. Ukongeza , eli lizwe izama ukuphuhlisa, amashishini ezintsha olusekelwe kulwazi. Oku lé emajukujukwini, ilizwe livelisa uluhlu olwahlukeneyo amacandelo kunye nezixhobo ze-Hewana. Ukuphuhlisa candelo lezobuchwepheshe computer, ukwakhiwa kunye nemfundo.

kushishino lwezokhenketho

Namhlanje, uqoqosho Norwegian, ishishini lidlala indima ebalulekileyo, eli ekuphuhliseni omnye umthombo - kuba nokhenketho. Olu shishino kuzisa kancinane kwama-5% of GDP kwaye inika amathuba kubantu 150 lamawaka. Urhulumente ngonyaka ukhetha ilizwe apho ibanjwa unyaka iphulo elikhulu yokwazisa ukuphakamisa ulwazi malunga neempawu kubakhenkethi iholide eNorway. Ukutsala abakhenkethi kwiindawo ezisemantla kweli lizwe kwenza kube lula ukuba kuphuhliswe izibonelelo kwingingqi yaye inika amathuba emisebenzi kubahlali balapha, ngubani bakufumanisa kunzima ukufumana umsebenzi kule kwikona angenabemi karhulumente.

Umda wokuphila nenkonzo

Onke amazwe kuphuhliswa Sisendleleni ukunyusa umlinganiselo imisebenzi yenkonzo kunye neenkonzo isakhiwo yemveliso, akukho ngaphandle kunye eNorway. uqoqosho lwelizwe ngoku beye besiba inkonzo. umgangatho ophezulu wobomi kukhokelela kukuba abantu kubomi bemihla ngemihla baphe- benza ebomini, ukunika ukhathalelo zizisulu yeengcali. imisebenzi Catering, ukucocwa, ukulungiswa, ulwakhiwo, ubuchwepheshe ulondolozo, iinkonzo zobugcisa, lwezempilo, imfundo kunye nexesha lokuphola - la macandelo zezona yayigcinwa nathembisayo nophuhliso eNorway. Ezi ndawo zemveliso alulawulwa ngurhulumente kwaye kangangoko ubuninzi equlunqwayo ziinkampani ezincinane zabucala.

kwimarike yezemisebenzi

Kwiinzame ukugcina umgangatho ophezulu wobomi ukufudukela i "ntle jikelele", uqoqosho Norwegian, kwimarike yabasebenzi leyo iyinto ebalulekileyo ngonyaka inani lemisebenzi. Kukho iinkqubo zikarhulumente ezizodwa ezijoliswe ekudalweni amashishini amancinane kunye nakwezinye iindawo yengqesho. Ngelo xesha linye lizwe ithatha unonophelo ukuba abantu abaninzi bafumana imfundo, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso ezintsha lizwe. Ngoku Norway kwanala aphakathi eYurophu, amanani ngqesho (5%) kwaye iyaqhubeka kungazehlisa na.

Economy shazi

Idatha yakutshanje kuqoqosho eNorway zibonisa ukuba ngcembe, phofu ecothayo-, ozikhulela 2.5% ngonyaka ngamnye. GDP ngamnye kancinci ngaphezulu kwe 89 000 US. Izinga lokwenyuka yi-4%, izinga iqhosha zigcinwe kwi 0.5% nani. Le oovimba igolide lizwe tons-36. Kwityala lemali lesizwe - 31.2%.

uphuhliso

Namhlanje, uqoqosho eNorway - enye en- eYurophu. URhulumente izimisele ukusasazwa fair ingeniso evela kwintengiso hydrocarbon nokuphuhlisa kwisigaba kwezentlalo kunye noshishino. Nangona nengxaki zezimali kuqoqosho lwehlabathi eNorway kunye namathemba ayo kakhulu nethemba. Urhulumente sele kuthechu ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumaxabiso oyile, ukuphuhlisa iindawo ezintsha yemveliso, igcina umgangatho ophezulu wokuphila, ngokubonakalayo uyabachasa uxinzelelo yokufudukela, itshayelwe Europe. Norway - enye yeenkokheli kwimveliso lwemveliso yamandla ombane kule ngingqi. ugesi ngamanzi, ukusetyenziswa amandla elanga kunye nomoya, kuvumela ilizwe ukuba kwandiswe ukuthunyelwa kombane kumazwe angabamelwane. Iyantlukwano kuqoqosho, uphuhliso lwamashishini ezintsha, ukukhula kubakhenkethi Umtsalane - yinto isiqinisekiso of impumelelo kwezoqoqosho eNorway.