Ummiselo woHuntu: inkcazo, iimpawu, imisebenzi kunye nezindlela. Umgaqo-myalelo wenzondo uqhutywa ngoncedo lwe ...

Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi somzimba womntu okwangoku siyingqamaniso yokuguqulwa kwemvelo. Le nkqubo ifuna iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuququzelela. Umgaqo wokuziphatha owenziwa ngabantu owenziwa ngokuncedwa ngamahomoni. Kodwa ukwethuka kukuba kulungelelaniswe imisebenzi kunye noncedo lwenkqubo yelilungu elifanayo.

Nguwuphi umgaqo wemisebenzi yomzimba

Umzimba womntu unesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ukususela kwiiseli ukuya kwiinkqubo zesebe, yinkqubo edibeneyo, ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo okumele kwenziwe umgaqo ocacileyo wokumisela. Yenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Indlela yokuqala ihamba ngokukhawuleza. Kubizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo wesifo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya inkqubo yegama elinye. Kukho imbono ephosakeleyo ukuba umgaqo-myalelo wenzalo uqhutyelwa ngoncedo lweempembelelo zesibindi. Nangona kunjalo, oku akukho nakwiimeko zonke. Ummiselo wobuhlwempu uqhutyelwa ngoncedo lwama-hormone angena emzimbeni womzimba.

Iimpawu zomthetho wesifo

Le nkqubo ibandakanya isebe eliphambili kunye nesebe. Ukuba ummiselo wolawulo olusisigxina wemisebenzi yomzimba lwenziwa ngokuncediswa kwezinto zeekhemikhali, ke le ndlela yindlela "yezothutho", idibanisa umzimba ube yinto enye. Le nkqubo yenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Khawucinge nje ukuba wathintela isandla sakho kwisinyithi eshushu okanye ebusika unqabileyo ngekhephu. Ukuphendula komzimba kuya kuba malunga nangoko. Oku kunenani elibaluleke kakhulu elikhuselekileyo, ligalela kokubili ukulungelelaniswa nokusinda kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo ye-nervous is based on reactionary body reaction. Iyokuqala ayiyiyo ingqiqo. Ezi ziquka ukuphefumula, ukunxwa, ukukhenkceza. Kwaye emva kwexesha, iimpendulo ezifunyenweyo zenziwa kumntu. Ezi ziyi-reflexes ezingavumelekanga.

Imimiselo yolawulo lomthetho

Ukulawulwa kokuziphatha komsebenzi kwenziwa ngokuncediswa kwamalungu akhethekileyo. Zibizwa ngokuba ziingqungquthela kwaye zidibaniswe zibe yinkqubo eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-endocrine system. Ezi zitho zenziwe ngohlobo olukhethekileyo lwezicubu ze-epithelial kwaye zikwazi ukuhlaziywa kwakhona. Isenzo se-hormone sisimo seminyaka emide kwaye siyaqhubeka kubomi bomntu.

Ziziphi iirmone

Iingqungquthela zivela kumahomoni. Ngombulelo kwisakhiwo esikhethekileyo, ezi zinto zikhawuleza okanye zijonge iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba emzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, kwisiseko sengqondo ingumngxuma we-pituitary gland. Ivelisa i- hormone yokukhula, ngenxa yoko umzimba womntu ukwandisa ngobukhulu obungaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini.

Izilwanyana: iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Ngoko, imimiselo yokuziphatha ngobuninzi emzimbeni iqhutyelwa ngoncedo lwezitho ezizodwa-iingqungquthela. Baqinisekisa ukuhlala kwimeko yangaphakathi, okanye i-homeostasis. Isenzo sabo sisimo sempendulo. Ngokomzekelo, isibonakaliso esibalulekileyo somzimba, njengezinga leshukela egazini, lilawulwa yi-hormone insulin kumda ophezulu kunye ne-glucagon - kumda ophantsi. Le yindlela yokwenza inkqubo ye-endocrine.

Iingqungquthela zangaphandle

Umgaqo-nkqubo wendawo uyenziwa ngoncedo lweengqungquthela. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zesakhiwo, la malungu aqokelelwe ngamaqela amathathu: angaphandle (exocrine), yangaphakathi (endocrine) kunye nokufihla umxube. Imizekelo yeqela lokuqala li-salivary, sebaceous and teary. Ziye zibonakaliswe ngobungqina bamaconsi abo. Iingqungquthela ze-Exocrine zenza izinto eziphilayo zisebenza ngokusemgangathweni kwesikhumba okanye emzimbeni.

Iingqungquthela zangaphakathi

Iingqungquthela zangaphakathi ze-secretion ze-secrete ze-hormone egazini. Azinalo iidonti zabo, ngoko-ke umgaqo-myalelo wenzelwa uncedo ngoncedo lwe-media media yomzimba. Ukungena egazini okanye kwi-lymph, baqhutyelwa kuwo wonke umzimba, beza kuyo yonke iseli. Isiphumo salokhu kukukhawuleza okanye ukunyuswa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ingaba kukukhula, isondo kunye nophuhliso lwezengqondo, umthamo wesifo, imisebenzi yezitho zomntu ngamnye kunye neenkqubo zazo.

I-hypo-ne-hyperfunction yeengqungquthela ze-endocrine

Umsebenzi ngamnye we-endocrine gland une "macala amabini edonga." Makhe siqwalasele oku ngemizekelo ekhonkco. Ukuba i-pituitary gland ikhupha i-hormone yokukhula ngokweqile, i-gigantism iyaqhubeka, kwaye ukuba le nto ingekho, i-dwarfism iyabonakala. Zomibini ziphambuke ekuphuhliseni okuqhelekileyo.

I-thyroid gland ifihla ama hormone amaninzi ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zi-thyroxine, i-calcitonin kunye ne-triiodothyronine. Ngenani labo elaneleyo, iintsana zihlakulela i-cretinism, ebonakalayo ekukhuleni kwengqondo. Ukuba u-hypofunction ubonakaliswa ngumntu omdala, uhamba kunye nokuvuvukala kwimbumba kunye neengxube ezincinci, ukulahlekelwa yintlungu nokulala. Ukuba inani lama-hormone ale gland lidlula umda weqhelekileyo, umntu unokuhlakulela isifo sesiseko. Ibonakaliswa ngokunyuka kokwanda kwenkqubo yesifo, ukuthuthumela kweengalo kunye nokuxhalabisa okungenangqiqo. Zonke ezi zinto zikhokelela ekukhusweni nasekulahlekelweni kwamandla.

Iingqungquthela zangaphakathi zokufihla ngaphakathi ziquka i-parathyroid, i-thymus kunye neengqungquthela ze-adrenal. Iingqungquthela zokugqibela ngexesha loxinzelelo lugxotha i-adrenaline hormone. Ubukho bayo egazini bubonelela ngokubambisana kwazo zonke izinto ezinamandla kunye nokukwazi ukulungelelanisa nokuhlala kwimimiselo engagqithaniyo yendalo. Okokuqala, oku kuboniswa ekunikezeni inkqubo ye-muscular ngexabiso elifunekayo lamandla. I-hormone yesenzo esitshintshiweyo, esicatshulwa yi-adrenal glands, ibizwa ngokuba yi-norepinephrine. Kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu kumzimba, njengoko uyakukhusela ekukhuseni ngokugqithiseleyo, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, amandla, isambatho esheshayo. Lo ngumnye umzekelo wezenzo ezichaseneyo zesistimu ye-endocrine yomntu.

Iingqungquthela zokufihla

Ezi ziquka i-pancreas kunye neentlobano zesini. Umgaqo wabo womsebenzi uphindwe kabini. I-pancreas ivelisa ezimbini iintlobo zamahomoni. Le insulini kunye ne-glucagon. Ngoku, ngokulandelanayo, ezantsi kunye nokwandisa izinga le-glucose egazini. Emzimbeni womntu onempilo, lo mgaqo uphawula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba lo msebenzi uphulwa, isifo esibi sisenzeka, esibizwa ngokuba yi-diabetes mellitus. Abantu abanolu xilongo badinga insulini yokufakelwa. Njengoko ukugcinwa kwangaphandle kwepascreas kukufihla ijusi yokugaya. Le nkunkuma ikhutshwe kwisiqendu sokuqala samathumbu amancinci - i-duodenum. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yalo, kukho inkqubo yokudibanisa i-biopolymers eziyinkimbinkimbi kwizinto ezilula. Kulo sebe ukuba iiprotheni kunye neep lipids ziyahlula kwiindawo zazo.

Iingqungqingi zesondo zikhulula amahomoni ahlukahlukeneyo. Le ngonyama ye testosterone kunye ne-estrogen yabesifazane. Ezi zinto ziqala ukusebenza nakwixesha lokumama. Ngethuba lokuphuhliswa kwama-hormonal sexually (sex embroidon) kuchaphazela ukubunjwa kwesondo, kwaye ngoko yenze impawu ezithile zesini. Njengeengqungquthela zangaphandle zokumfihlo zenza i-gametes. Umntu, njengabo bonke izilwanyana zamammalia, ngumzimba onobuhle. Inkqubo yakhe yesondo inomxholo oqhelekileyo wesakhiwo kwaye imelwa ngamacwecwe ezesondo, iinqwelo zabo kunye ngqo neeseli. Kula mabhinqa, lawa maqanda ngeendlela zabo kunye nee-ovules. Kwamadoda, inkqubo yokuzala iqukethe ii-testes, iziteshi kunye neeseli zesilisa. Kule meko, ezi zigcawu zizenza njengeengqungquthela zangaphandle.

Ummiselo onobuchule kunye nolawulo olunxulunyanisayo unxulumene ngokuthe ngqo. Zisebenza njengendlela enye. I-humoral iyimvelaphi yamandulo, inefuthe elide elide kwaye lisebenza kuwo wonke umzimba, njengama-hormone athathwa ngegazi aze eze nganye iseli. I-nerv function works point-by-point, ngexesha elithile kunye kwindawo ethile kwindawo "ngoku kwaye ngoku." Emva kokutshintsha iimeko, ukusebenza kwayo kuphelile.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuncedisa i-endocrine inkqubo. Ezi zitho ziyakwazi ukukhulula kwizinto ezizodwa eziphathekayo eziphathekayo eziphilayo, ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-hormone.