Andrei Platonov: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Umbhali odumileyo Andrey Platonovich Platonov wazalwa kwisixeko Voronezh Agasti 20, 1899 (umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe ngokwemveli lubhiyozelwa ngoSeptemba 1, New Style). Platonov - isiteketiso, livela igama likayise, yaye igama lokwenyani lwe umbhali - Klimentov.

Lixesha lokuba ukuvavanya

A wakhula nzima yaye ubomi nzima - leyo eyahlukileyo kwabanye ababhali kwexesha, Andrei Platonov.

ngobomi bakhe akakwazi kwenziwa kuphela izibakala ezininzi ezinomdla kunye neziganeko ngezizathu ukuba ubomi bakhe engonwabanga, kwaye wonke umntu wayethetha eqonda ubunzima kunye nelahleko. Waba nethamsanqa ukuba angene eminqubeni, kuba oko wadela ukuphila kwakhe unyana wakhe.

indlu Abazali '

Andrei Rakhmanov wazalwa usapho oomatshini kaloliwe kunye intombi weewotshi yakhe. Nguye lo mntwana mdala, emva kwakhe omnye emva komnye wabonakala abazalwana noodade Platonov elimgcinayo ayekwazi 9. Okokuqala, umbhali wafunda kwisikolo kumarhamente ecaweni, kodwa iminyaka eli-15 bashiya konke waya kusebenza njengoko arhente entsatsheni zange abe ngokwaneleyo kwaye kwakunzima kakhulu ukondla abantwana babo abazali. Ngokutsho kombhali, walitshintsha oluninzi iindawo, ukusukela isisebenzi ziphethe oomatshini, njengoko uyise wawungenamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba agcine indlu, umfazi wakhe kunye nabantwana-10. UPlato ikholelwa umsebenzi wakhe ukunceda kuzo zonke iindlela abazali babo.

Imfundo kunye War Civil

Ngowe-1918, Platonov uza kufunda kwisixeko Voronezh Train Polytechnic, apho wayefunda Kuluvuyo olukhulu, ukususela ebuntwaneni, sinesifo sendiselane kule seli. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa revolution imisiwe izifundo zakhe kude kube ngowe-1921. Konyaka emva kokufumana Platonov ngokuzithandela ngenxa Civil War, apho walwa kwicala le-Red Army.

Naxa ngexesha elinzima kangaka lemfazwe uPlato ushiya indlela enobuchule zokusebenza othile imfazwe. Yaba ngeli xesha uqala lasungulwa ungumbhali langoku. Kukho ezi zincoko yokuqala, amanqaku kumaphephandaba asekuhlaleni kunye umbongo, umbhali leyo iba kwi umbhali odumileyo elizayo Andrei Platonov. Biography ngaye umntu yokudala ngokukhuselekileyo ukuqala le ngongoma.

umsebenzi

Emva kwemfazwe, Andrei Platonov wabuyela kwidolophu yakowabo Voronezh, kwaye uyaqhubeka kufunda Polytechnic Institute, uze lomhlaba ngempumelelo imisebenzi ukuphucuka. umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala uhlanganisa umsebenzi oqhubekayo ukuba akabenzi abantu bazive ngayo.

Sikazi kunye nonyana

Ngowe-1922, Andrei Platonov utshata utitshala zasemaphandleni ngubani uyazinikezela kangangoko imisebenzi yakhe ezimbini - ". Umfundisi Sandy" "amabali Epifanskie" yaye Kulo nyaka, ke unyana zikaPlato. Noko ke, bayahlelwa azigcinele ezibuhlungu kakhulu yombhali.

Andrei Platonov: biography kunye nomsebenzi ukwenzela isizukulwana esitsha

Ekuqaleni ndineminyaka eli-12, uAndrew Platonovich ngamandla ubhala imibongo, ebonisa indalo yakhe yokudala. Xa umbhali ujika 22, wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala "kombane", ezibandakanya izincoko. Kuyo, yena alifanisa le nkqubo nge revolution.

Le ncwadi yesibini yingqokelela enkondlo "ubunzulu Blue". Nangona imibongo ezininzi ezibhaliweyo, igama Andreya Platonova nangoku oluxhomekeke ngemisebenzi iprozi. Omnye wabo uba "amabali Epifanskie" Works, equka amanqaku zonke yapapashwa ngaphambili ndaba neemagazini.

Yayingubani Andrei Platonov ngenxa bexesha lakhe? Biography ibonisa ukuba isimo sengqondo umbhali isiqu. Ekuqaleni, bonke waziqaba isebenza Platonov wafumana imvume kunye nenkxaso. Nkqu Mxim Gorky waphawula italente omkhulu uAndrew Platonovich kunye kuthelekiswa isimbo sakhe sokubhala imisebenzi kunye Gogol. Ecebisa Kwakhona ugxininiso kaPlato kwi comedy. Noko ke, ngenxa usiba zombhali kweza imisebenzi embalwa kuphela olu hlobo loncwadi.

Lithamsanqa Kamva ijika kude Platonov. Emva kwayo ezimbi kukaStalin ukuhluza alahle yonke imisebenzi umbhali. Umbhali kunye nosapho lwakhe bahlala ukusuka isandla emlonyeni. Bancede ukuba abahlobo abambalwa abanyanisekileyo.

Enye yezona ncwadi edumileyo ebhalwe ngalo umbhali, libali "Chevengur" yaye "emhadini", nto leyo ebomini zombhali abazange bayifumane ukuqatshelwa yaza yapapashwa emva kokufa kwakhe.

IMfazwe Enkulu Yobuzwe

Ngowe-1942, kwakhona Platonov uya ngaphambili. Lo kwemfazwe yesibini, apho kufuneka zithathe inxaxheba. Apho wayesebenza njengoko othile kwiphephandaba emkhosini.

Kwandula ke ngowe-1946 waba exhaphaza kwentloko yakhe sokuvalwa ngokubhala. Ngeli xesha yokupapasha ingqokelela wakhe amathathu elinye lamabali akhe adumileyo mfutshane - "The Return". Noko ke, ukugxekwa kwakhona iwela umbhali kwaye kwakhona imisebenzi yakhe iyeka yoshicilelo.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Platonov wachitha kwimo yentlupheko kakhulu. Ukusuka lithemba umbhali ibhekisa upapasho iintsomi Russian kunye Bashkir. Oku kunceda ukuba ngandlel 'ithile kwenza ikati eziko.

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Andrei Platonov, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane - ukubona ingxokolo esinzima, kodwa zange wamngcatshayo ngokwakhe. Nangona akuyo nentshutshiso ngabasemagunyeni, iimbono zakhe kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Black umvumbo ubomi yombhali yaqala loo mzuzu xa ukusuka usiba yakhe ngebali, "tata", apho baphikisa ukwakhiwa nemibutho. Alexander Fadeyev, njengoko umhleli kwi intloko ulindixesha "Red Virgin lomhlaba", wathabatha umngcipheko yaze yapapashwa kulo msebenzi. Ibali wangena ezandleni kukaStalin kwaye kwabangela ngayo. Fadeev, eqonda oko ajamelene, ngokukhawuleza watshintsha umbono wakhe waza wabhala inqaku revelatory apho utshaba yabantu zimelwe yi Andrei Platonov. Biography of umbhali izele iimfihlelo ezininzi, nto leyo eyaba ngakumbi emva kokufa kwakhe.

Izityhilelo ababephila bakhe oko Fadeyev le ndoda kwenkomfa ebomini Platonov. Angakhange inqaku ezinomthamo wone ayisashicilelwa. Ukongeza, Fadeyev wagxininisa zonke iindawo eziya ekugqibeleni kukhokelela umsindo Stalin, kusolwa ukuba uziprinte off. Noko ke, yonke into ajika kwagqama okwahlukileyo. Xa uprinte iphephandaba zonke iingcinga umgca ngqindilili kunye ngale ndlela phezu kwedesika Stalin ngayo. Basabela ngokukhawuleza. Fadeev wakwazi ukuba ahlale endaweni yakhe, kodwa imizila umbhali Andrei Platonov iye yaphela. biography emfutshane uthi umbhali asichukunyiswa, kodwa wathunyelwa kwinkampu lonyana wakhe okuphela kwaye Othandiweyo nokuyaluzela anti-eSoviet. Akhululwayo kuphela abathile abahlobo abanempembelelo yentsapho, uPlato wabuyela ekhaya, ngelishwa, sele ukufa ne sephepha. Wafa ezingalweni kayise.

Kukholelwa ukuba unyana ka-Platonov kwimvumelwano sisifo esibulalayo emiphungeni. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba umbhali, ngokungathi kwezinye uhlobo waphazamiseka, wamanga inkwenkwe emilebeni.

Ngowe-1951 e Moscow, Andrei Platonov wafa. Kangangexesha elide emva kokufa kwakhe, umfazi wakhe amthandayo ngandlela zonke wazama ukulondoloza ilifa wabashiya kubo ebomini. Kuyinto ngenxa yakhe, senza ekhoyo eminye imisebenzi. Emva kokufa ngumfazi kwakhe zonke iinkxalabo bawa phezu kwamagxa intombi Platonov leyo linguMariya. Oku zaphumelela ufanele ne umsebenzi onzima phambi kwakhe wayigcina yonke imisebenzi nanto umbhali.

Umbhali, umfazi wakhe, unyana kunye nentombi, owasweleka ngo-2005, kunye bayavana, phantsi lesikhumbuzo efanayo.

Andrei Platonov: ngobomi (Isishwankathelo) isimbo kunye neempawu

Xa izifundo iincwadi esikolweni mihla wafunda biography zombhali unikezwa avareji isifundo esinye. Noko ke, ukuze bamkele nokwazisa zonke izinto ngobomi Platonov alanelanga ukuba veki. Kwelinye icala, uyise ngamabona onothando kunye nomyeni, kunye nezinye - phantsi emhlabeni kwaye ngokwenene ukubona inyaniso ngokupheleleyo ubomi - yiloo nto umbhali Andrei Platonov. ngobomi bakhe kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ulwazi olubanzi kunye ukungena kulo uqobo, ezendeleyo imisebenzi yakhe. isimbo kaPlato ubonakala kakuhle uburhabaxa semvelo isigama sakhe kuphela, kukho umoya ekhethekileyo yonke imihla, amaxesha bekudina, kodwa umsebenzi onjalo eziyimfuneko ebomini umntu esebenza xa intsebenziswano eqhubekayo kunye nobugcisa kunye nendalo.

Umdla kubomi zombhali

Platonov, ukwakheka apho yena usekude ukusuka sokubhala sekunjalo ngenkuthalo ehlangene zombini ezi utyekelo. Kuluvuyo olukhulu ukuba baye emsebenzini yonke imihla, kuba wayecinga ukuba lo msebenzi kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu ngexesha elinye ngokungasilibali ikamva yakhe yokudala.

Olunjani lomntu umbhali Andrei Platonov, engobomi, iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ngobomi bakhe - konke ngoku Ungafumana nawuphi na umfundi anomdla ngokwenene emsebenzini wakhe. It is a Kulusizi ukuba imeko yayahluke gqitha kumaxesha Soviet.

Uphononongo lomsebenzi zombhali esikolweni

Nolwazi imisebenzi Andreya Platonova iqala kwibanga lesithathu ngokufunda ubomi bakhe kunye nomsebenzi. Kuyinto ngeli nqanaba abantwana babo imfundo kuqala ukuva igama lo mbhali. Biography Andreya Platonova ukuba iiklasi 3 kakuhle ngokwaneleyo kuzo zonke iincwadi zezifundo iincwadi zemfundo, kwaye esikolweni kunzima ukufunda kuyo.

Grade yesihlanu, abafundi baqala ukufunda iintsomi Russian ezixoxa Platonov. Bonke abantwana abathanda olu hlobo, ngoko bakulungele ukuqhubeka ukufunda nomsebenzi wakhe. Ngaphambi ukukhulula yokuqokelela yakhe, Platonov ngokobuqu ahlangane ukuxoxa ngokwabo, ngoko ke ibali ngothando olukhulu nononophelo ngendlela.

Inyathelo elilandelayo kukuba ukufunda imisebenzi uthando "Magic Ring". Kuyinto tale umbhali wayo.

Phambi kwamehlo yabafundi ubonakala ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo Andrei Platonov. biography ebhaliweyo emfutshane abantwana ngaphandle ngokukhanyisa inyaniso yonke intshutshiso ubomi bakhe. Yena ayikho kumfanekiso ummangaleli ubunyani engwevu umfanekiso ukubalisa elungileyo.

Xa grade lesithandathu, abantwana bafumana ibali Andreya Platonova "Cow". It has ingqiqo enzulu bulumko kunye yokuziphatha, kunzima ukuqonda ngaphandle koncedo ootitshala kwibanga yesithandathu. Ngoko ke, isifundo lo msebenzi ziwenza kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela, nto leyo evumela umfundi ukuze ubone iinkalo ezintsha engaziwayo zombhali.

Phambi kokuba abafundi kwibakala lesixhenxe kuba nzima ngakumbi umsebenzi - ukuqonda kunye namava ibali Andreya Platonova "Juska." Kulo msebenzi umbhali utyhilela intliziyo yakhe umphefumlo. Eyona ingcamango bali - ukubaluleka uthando nobubele ebantwini.

Kuphela ekuqalekeni abafundi bebanga le-10 kufuneka ithuba lokuba umntu omdala ukuvavanya ngubani na Andrei Platonov. Biography for abantwana abakule minyaka yobudala ezichazwe kuloo uhlobo apho eneneni ikhona. Phambi kokuba abafundi high school lizisa umbhali-ummi. Abantwana abakule minyaka yobudala - umntu sele imiselwe, ukuze baqonde oko Andrei Platonov, indlela baye batshutshiswa, yaye yintoni isizathu.