Umgaqo complementarity: ngumongo ingqiqo kunye nemithetho ezisisiseko yemfuza

Complementarity - lo mhlaba izakhiwo ezimbini bahambelana omnye komnye ngendlela ekhethekileyo.

complementarity siseko ifumana isicelo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Ngoko ke, eli complementarity kwinkqubo yokufunda kwiimpawu ngqo nokusekwa kunye nophuhliso lwabafundi iimeko isifundo kobume yesikolo. Kule ndawo wokuyila Abaqambi inxulunyaniswa kucaphulo kunye chemistry siseko esebenzayo i izakhiwo afane lwendawo neemolekyuli ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ezinokuthi zenzeke phakathi nisondelelane hydrogen kunye nokusebenzisana aphakathi.

umgaqo complementarity eziphilayo iphathelene nokuhambelana iimolekyuli biopolymer kunye neenxalenye zabo ezahlukeneyo. Liqinisekisa ukuyilwa uqhagamshelwano article phakathi kwabo (umz, unxibelelwano hydrophobic okanye electrostatic phakathi kwamaqela ebizwayo esebenza).

iziqwenga Ngaloo ndlela iyavumelana kwaye biopolymers bophelela hayi imichiza covalent bond nembalelwano lwesithuba enye kwenye ukuze zibe amakhonkco amandla leyo bebonke energy ophezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kumiswe izakhiwo ngokwaneleyo nzile iimolekyuli. Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi ekujonganeni kwezinto kuxhomekeke complementarity lwabo kunye abasabela esiphakathi encedisa ukuqalisa imisebenzi.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba kukho ngcamango bembalelwano noshowo ezi zinto zimbini. Ngokomzekelo, xa intsebenziswano aphakathi weeproteni complementarity siseko - amathuba ligand indlela komunye kumgama obusondeleyo inika unxulumano olomeleleyo phakathi kwabo.

Umgaqo complementarity entsimini yofuzo iinkxalabo phindana (kabini) ye DNA. chain ngalinye ubume unako ukukhonza njenge template esetyenziswa kwi Yindibanisela imisonto ngokubambisana ukuba Inqanaba lokugqibela ivumela ukufumana imifanekiso yaso yoqobo deoxyribonucleic acid. Ngelo xesha kukho uhambelwano phakathi iziseko nitrogen, apho adenine enebana thymine, kunye guanine - kunye cytosine kuphela.

Oligo kunye polynucleotides iziseko nitrogen zenze izakhiwo ahambelanayo isibini - T-A (A-U e RNA) okanye D-C ngokuhlanganisa imisonto emibini nucleic. Lo mgaqo we complementarity ludlala indima enkulu eqinisekisa inkqubo esisiseko ukugcinwa kunye nokudluliselwa kolwazi yemfuza. Ngenxa yoko, kabini ye DNA ngexesha kwisahlulo yeseli, i-DNA kule RNA kwinkqubo ukhutshelo ukuba ithatha indawo xa njini iiproteins kunye neenkqubo nokulungiswa (unciphiso) umonakalo DNA emva kokuba akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukuthobela lo mgaqo.

Xa naziphi na izitenxo kwi imbalelwano kwangaphambili ngokungqongqo phakathi kweengxenye ebalulekileyo iimolekyuli ahlukeneyo emzimbeni kokuba kwezimilo nto leyo ngokwezonyango wabonakalaliswa izifo yemfuza. Bangakwazi idluliselwe inzala okanye ingahimbiselani nobomi.

- Ukongeza, kucazululo ebalulekileyo kusekelwe kumgaqo komplementaranosti PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Kunye detectors ezithile yemfuza zokuva DNA okanye RNA iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo okanye izifo wentsholongwane egazini ezosulelayo umntu, nto leyo inceda ukumisela unyango njengako sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi umyalezo.