Iintlobo zemihlaba

Uhlobo yeyona unit main yokuhlelwa lomhlaba. Ngaphandle ngawo neprofayile komhlaba. V. V. Dokuchaev ngo-1886, okokuqala ezithathwa iindidi.

Imihlaba ezithe zavela ngethuba kwiindawo zokulima ngaphambili nenkqubeko-phambili kwezolimo, liqela okhethekileyo.

Ezinye iintlobo ezingeyo amaqela (imimandla) zifumaneka kwiindawo ezithile ezikwiizowuni. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukuba awohluke zeengxondorha, amafutha isiqabu.

Eyona eziqhelekileyo iindidi imihlaba zithathwa ukuba kumiselwa usetyenziso. Bona (kunye izityalo kunye nezinye izinto landscape) wokusungula yintsimi yendalo.

iintlobo zemihlaba

1. umhlaba Marsh. Ezi imihlaba akhiwa elide okanye ngokugqithiseleyo njalo ukufuma (zokuxinana kwamanzi). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezakhiwe kwiindawo kwihlathi sezulu.
2. ehlathini Brown. Ezi ntlobo imihlaba ikakhulu zifumaneka emahlathini coniferous kwaye avuthulukayo kwiindawo sezulu abangaxhalabisiyo eshushu ifumile.
3. semidesert Brown, intlango emathafeni. Ezi ntlobo imihlaba akhiwa kule ndawo kunye nemozulu eyomileyo kwindawo ziingcathu, kukho iintlobo zezityalo eyintlango-emathafeni.
4. Mountain. Bamele iqela ezikhandelwa kwindawo esemagqagaleni ezintabeni. Phantse zonke iintlobo zomhlaba kufakwa kolu didi luphawulwa lwegrabile, ngamandla eliphantsi kunye nobukho kwezimbiwa zaseprayimari.
5. Brown. Common kwi semi-koozintlango emaqeleni bommandla ziingcathu.
6. Imihlaba emnandi kwakheka phantsi iintlobo enkangala izityalo kwiindawo zeendawo ukufuma okanye umgangatho ophezulu boniswa sesichengeni rhoqo aphantsi komhlaba.
7. Saline. Common kwiindawo ezomileyo kunye Ukugcwala (mkhulu 0.25%) of iityuwa izimbiwa, lula enyibilikayo emanzini - wemagniziyam, carbonates calcium, isodiyam, sulfates, kloride.
8. imihlaba Podzolic eqalisiweyo emahlathini ephikisanayo kunye ehlathini, kwimozulu epholileyo elizwekazi yezwekazi. Baya nengxaki ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwaye rhoqo wahlamba amanzi ayivuzi na.
9. Imihlaba Gray aqhelekile koozintlango, ebuntlangorha kummandla sehlathi.
10. Imihlaba Fusion akhiwa sabutropikhi, zetropiki, kwimimandla zemvula. Kwiprofayili yayo edidekile kolundi emthanda emanzi kwaye ifuimana ductility eliphezulu, ihlala eqinileyo kunye ashinyeneyo kwifomu owomileyo.
11. Emathafeni. Bakha ukuhlanganiswa imihlaba eMntla saseNtla, tundra yayo. Olu didi lubandakanya tundra wamatye-carbonate, bazipheka, kunye nezinye umhlaba podzolic.
12. umhlaba Black. Ezi imihlaba eqhelekileyo emathafeni kunye ihlathi emathafeni yekhasi lommandla ziingcathu.

Kungasisalathisi esibalulekileyo ngokuhlelwa umhlaba nokubunjwa kwayo.

Ukukhanya - sandy - umhlaba ubandakanya isixa elikhulu lesanti, kukho inani elincinane wamatye, umthamo omncinane zodongwe. Imihlaba ezininzi zihlelwa enzima - Imihlaba udongwe. Abayi ivuthu- phakathi kwenqubo, kwelinye icala, benza lutyhido ezinkulu, nto leyo eyenza kube ukumba nzima kakhulu.

Imihlaba Stony kwenzeka kumathambeka eentaba okanye iinduli nokuchuma ezahlukeneyo. Abaninzi kubo yinxalenye iziqwenga rock.

Isiseko Imihlaba afanayo ziquka mbandela becala organic. Bazizityebi nitrogen kunye eliphantsi potassium kunye nemali encinane kakhulu phosphorus. Noko ke, kukho torfovivianitovye imihlaba, apho, phezu koko, kukho xi eliphezulu phosphorus.

Imihlaba yesanti afakwa ezininzi iimpawu entlabathini ezinomlinganiselo elungeleleneyo amacandelo, basonta iintlobo esiphakathi. Ezi imihlaba zithathwa mkhulu kangaka ngandlela zonke enyamekela ukulinywa kwezityalo.