Kufuneka wenze ntoni na engange? Yintoni na enawe engange namhlanje? Ruble uwela - into omele uyenze?

Umxholo kukuwa engange kwiminyaka yakutshanje kaninzi liphuma kumaphephandaba. Iincwadi bengafani umFilisti umbhodamo ( "Yintoni na enawe engange?"), Ukusa ngokucokisekileyo ngokwaneleyo nabaqiqayo. Eli nqaku nejonge ukubonelela luqokelelo ngendlela ngalo mbandela, ngokusekelwe iimpapasho ezikhoyo eendaba Russian.

Le imali engange Russian kungenxa qhinga

Analytics - ngamanye amaxesha into ngamazwi. Ukulungele ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo onombono Russian, esasijongene nazo Izibane akandifanele kwayo, uThandeka ephuma emlonyeni ... umhlalutyi Western Chris Weafer. Ngokwembono yakhe, ukunqongophala utshintsho kumaziko kuqoqosho Russian sele izimele yaye zimilile kangangokuba 2014 kufuneka ibe ukuphumeza kuzo izigqibo: nokuba baya kwenzeka ngeli xesha, okanye zange kwenzeke konke (okukhanyisayo: ngo-2016 - epalamente unyulo ngo-2018 - ukhetho).

Ngelo xesha, njengoko zithi iinzululwazi, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba iinguqulelo ziya kubangela kuphela kwiminyaka 2-3.

It is a uyekile injini ye ukukhula koqoqosho - koqoqosho resource-based olunzulu - injini ngokwesiseko entsha yokukhula koqoqosho. Enye izixhobo kule yokuqhelanisa nguye engange. Ndimele ndenze ntoni na oko? Lo mbuzo iimpendulo ezimbini ezizezinye.

1. Indawo abaxhasi inqubo (njengoko bemelwe yi-Central Bank, zabaphathiswa, oligarchy) lincitshiswe nakwiinguqulelo ixesha elide yaye, ngokunjalo, - ukumiselwa kweli engange kwi "ezidadayo free".

2. babebambelele amelwe imikhosi zokhuseleko, bureaucracy, iinkxalabo karhulumente, bakholisa ukuba kuthintelwe kakhulu utshintsho.

Umyalezo ephambili ekuqaleni zokubuyisela ukuqaphela nabo kunye nabanye ukuba behleli basonge izandla phezu yingozi ngaphezu ngokutsha. Ukudala izibonelelo yotyalo Russian ezifunekayo iimeko ezimbini: amaxabiso oli aphezulu kunye engange cheap. Ngoko ke, mna wanikwa umyalelo: "! Phambili"

Ukuqalisa pad economy Russian

Ngokuqinisekileyo, imeko yoqoqosho olukhulu lonke ilizwe kuqikelelwa kwi ekuqaleni. Uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho negalelo lizinze iminyaka elishumi engange. market stock eRashiya nomtsalane kubatyali-mali zabucala. Uyiqwebe i zolondolozo ngamazwe umxhelo - $ 500 billion.

imali engange Russian kwixesha elizayo balindelwe umsebenzi ezimanyanisayo - lwemali olulodwa kuwo onke amazwe Customs Union.

nkqubo imali engange Central Bank

Umyalezo ephambili ingxoxo yethu kufuneka ibe umgaqo-nkqubo we-Central Bank - umzimba karhulumente ucwangcise kwegazi kunye echaphazela indlela kwemali kunye nezinye. Intloko kwibhanki ephambili Russia Elvira Nabiullina liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wavakalisa amanqaku wayo ophambili.

Bona Walunguza umbono ezisemthethweni ngenjongo lwemali kazwelonke eRashiya njenge phenyane, musa ukuba iqhotyoshelwe imisebenzi yezolawulo ixabiso dollar kanye euro. On lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na enawe engange," intloko Central Bank aphendule elilandelayo, kusetyenziswa imali kangako, ukomeleza uqoqosho, kwaye, yena, uya komeleza engange.

Umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha iqondo lonaniso Central Bank

Nkqubo nombono entsha nomnqophiso lwemali kazwelonke ezifundiswayo "Imiyalelo engundoqo yomgaqo-lawulo wemali ukususela ngowama-2014 ukuya kowama-2016". Olu xwebhu kwaba kwaye kulawulwa yi-Bank of Russia nkqubo ukusuka kujoliswe izinga lonaniselwano engange ukuya inflation targeting. Kwenziwe izicwangciso ngo-2015 ukuya ukuswitsha ngokupheleleyo indlela ezidadayo of ulawulo lwemali kazwelonke. Ngokwenza le nkqubo ikhankanywe ngasentla, ngoJanuwari 1914 Central Bank iye wayeka ungenelelo exchange angaphandle izinga lotshintshiselwano, ngokulandelelanayo, imali engange uwe. Kuthekani ukuba izikhombisi zoqoqosho ngenxa kumazwe indawo euro ngexesha elifanayo zibonisa ukuba imeko iyathembisa? Russia kufanele ukuba zigcinwe isicwangciso salo.

Le mbono ezisemthethweni: izizathu zokuphela le engange

ukuwa umba engange intloko Bank of Russia ikhwelo cala nokuhlola: akanguye engange yawa, yandomeleza dollar kanye euro. Njengoko usazi, ekuqaleni inkqubo wabeka zokunciphisa lokuthenga asethi ye-Federal Reserve System of the United States ngokutsho ingcamango "Inzala yemali oluninzi" - up to 65 ezigidi zeerandi ngenyanga ..

Ukususela ekupheleni kuka-2012 ekugqibeleni yaqulunqa nokunikezelwa kwamaziko zophuhliso jikelele. I-injini eziphambili ukukhula koqoqosho kwaba eUnited States naseYurophu. Uqoqosho Russian, kwakunye kumazwe Asia ngo-2013 lwabonisa kungekho kukhula notyekelo. Kwimeko efanayo iwela kunye nokwehla of China.

Elvira Nabiullina, esemqoka ukuba ukukhula kwemali yesizwe ndabona nokukhuthaza uphuhliso kwezoqoqosho. Oku kukhomba ku njengesixhobo sempembelelo enkulu yezoqoqosho ukulungisa imeko: ukuba ubukho bezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle Russian phezu kwempahla yayo. Urhulumente iyagqiba ukuba loluphi yokwenza engange, kwimo yokusebenza ngesandla, cala nokuhlola le meko.

Kwixesha elifutshane oku kuya kuqinisekisa inzuzo abathumela ekhulayo zempahla ekrwada. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha le engange kufuneka 'ukwayama "kwi umsebenzi loqoqosho namanye, amacandelo ezingezo-primary kuqoqosho Russian.

Ngokutsho kubalondolozi Russian (Anton Mukhin, finsovetnik Irkutsk yesebe BCS yeNkulumbuso Irkutsk) uxinzelelo osebenza engange yi ngumyinge. ukukhula kwayo kwixesha elide ifanele negalelo sengqondo esifanelekileyo ezithumela oyile "oovimba ukuba uhlela 'le-Central Bank. Bhanki Qinisekisa: urhulumente yesicwangciso-mali Kucingelwa ukuba ube liqonga ethile ukuba imali engange bawa. Kufuneka wenze ntoni - siza kubona kwi amanyathelo elilandelayo le-Central Bank.

Nokwehla izifundo kuqinisekiswa okwethutyana olwenziwe abahlalutyi zebhanki America_Merrill_Lynch abathe ucikizeko olukhulu kuqoqosho egqitywe ukuba kwikota yesibini kwaye yesine yalo nyaka, ixabiso oli Russian baya kuvuka.

Le imali engange kunye nabadlali zemalike Russian

Kwangaxeshanye, intloko Central Bank imema bonke abadlali kwimarike Russian kunye nangokupheleleyo ukuhlangabezana nengxaki ye kukuwa engange. Wakhumbula ukuba ibhanki engundlu - umxholo kuphela kwimarike exchange angaphandle ayikho. umsebenzi wayo - wakufanelekela ukuba ukuhlola ukujongana ukuhla elifutshane elide lwemali kazwelonke, ngokwenjenjalo egcina imeko ezinzileyo ukuze ishishini.

Mkhuba ixesha elide ukuhla ixabiso layo, njengoko kuboniswe Elvira Nabiullina, inxulunyaniswa kunye nefuthe noshowo kwi ezithumela imveliso yazo kwiimalike izinto ekrwada uqoqosho. Oko ke impendulo mngeni yexesha :. "Yintoni na enawe engange" lu dityanisiwe a ukuqalelisa olukhulu noshowo lonke uqoqosho entsonkothileyo.

Malunga qhinga soshishino kunye namakhaya kunye engange owela

Kucacile ukuba imali engange zithokombisile azisebenzisele enamandla kwilizwe ezithumela imveliso yazo kwiimalike, injongo yaso - ukuxhasa ngumlimi wayo. Utsho Evgeny Bolotin, usihlalo Urals Bank Union. Ukholelwa ukuba isigqibo ngamanye ikhosi (naphaya / engalungiswanga) Kucacile: ukukhula kwimfuno yoshishino kunye nokuhlawula irhafu, behamba kokuwa kulawulwa ngayo imali engange. Kuthekani ukuba ngelo xesha babe ongenisa ibiza kakhulu? Buyisela imveliso yawo Russian.

Ngoku ukuma ngoosomashishini kwimarike izibambiso. Kwelinye icala, njengokuba iphakamiswe Radik Akhmetshin, uMlawuli lamashishini Stock Market Association Urals ufumane ithuba ukuba ndiseke imila elizayo ngokuthenga nezabelo ngamaxabiso eziwayo. Eneneni, ngethuba ikamva labo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kukhula. Kutshanje, uthi kunye Russian Finance UMphathiswa Anton Siluanov. Noko ke, abezoqoqosho eziphambili eRashiya kulindeleke ukuba ukwehla asisigxina imali yesizwe ngo-2014 ukuya kuma-20%.

Kwelinye icala, ezi ukuwa uxinzelelo engange kwi stock kwimarike yase Russia, eneneni - amagama nje. Enyanisweni, Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba uninzi abadlali bakhe - non-abahlali, amaxabiso stock kuwa umba, abatyali amazwe kwanyanzeleka ukuba 'phezu ".

Ruble uwela - into omele uyenze? 2014, izinto

wenza njani labemi Russian kwi kukuwa engange? Lo mbuzo olufundwa Vladimir Zotov (Directorate of Fin / amaziko kunye yebhanki mali ye phambene). Ngokutsho bhanki, landa ngokucacileyo imfuno imali, ngelo efanayo ixesha uthathe inxalenye encinane kuloo dipozithi yakho. Kolu lwazi, kukho umkhwa ukuba ukudlulisela yesibambiso engange akwiidola okanye evrovye. Njengoko umzekeliso ngasentla, wathi wavakalisa la manani alandelayo: ukuba iidiphozithi engange Russian zabemi malunga 16.3 triliyoni. engange, imali, eziguqulelwe kwi izinga le-Central Bank e engange, -. kuphela 3.3 ezigidi. bagcobe., okanye 20%.

Noko ke, abantu baseRashiya abaye banamava yaqhubeka ngaphezu kokuba ingxaki, bacele lo mbuzo: "Le engange iwela - ntoni na?" Impendulo isesikweni: kufuneka indidi iimali zabo. Kufanelekile, umzekelo, i-qhinga zilandelayo: isiqingatha imali phezu imali engange, omnye kweekota aseleyo - in idipozithi dollar, yaye intsalela - in evrovy.

Indawo komyinge ummi

Vuma, kakade namhlanje ibonakale "iingxaki" etyeni bakhaya rhoqo Mota amazwe ukuze enze nokuthenga yokungenisa enye, nto leyo awayengenako ukuyenza eRashiya, kodwa ngamaxabiso angcono. Bona, uyazi, wawa ukuthenga amandla xa ukuguqula engange.

Abemi abaninzi karhulumente wethu, ngokwahlukileyo kowokuqala, ukunqongophala kwabadla zemali. Kubo ezifanelekileyo enye ingxaki - ntoni na imali engange namhlanje? Enyanisweni, imali efikelela kwi-30 amawaka. Thambisani. uyakwazi ukugcina imali ekhaya.

Ngoku cinga ngemeko apho mali ekhoyo evela ngabemi isekhona. Susani iidiphozithi zabo engange evela ibhanki kufuneka kungabi. Phantsi imiqathango yesivumelwano ehlawulwa ngaphambili, ukukhupha isisu ngaphambi kwexesha, umxhasi ebhankini olungarholi umdla. Oku kuya kwandisa kuphela ngezandla zabo ekonakaliseni kwabo.

Ukuba kudala ndifuna ukuthenga imoto ngaphandle ngani umbuzo obalulekileyo ngakumbi: "Yintoni na enawe namhlanje engange" Impendulo yalo mbuzo imfutshane: "Thenga!" Eneneni, ukuwa ngakumbi lwemali likazwelonke liya kuqinisekisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso amaphupha akho.

Ezicetyiswayo - akunconywa

Xa uqokelela iingcebiso zeengcali kubemi nabo, ukuba ukubonakalisa kunokuba ukudala ngokwabo esima yokhuseleko ukuwa imali kazwelonke, ngoko bonke aya kuncitshiswa abe izinto ezimbini elula kakhulu.

Eyokuqala ayikhuthazwa ukutyala imali illiquid. Umzekelo, ingeniso evela ezithengiswayo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ngamathuba enkulu kwexesha. Ngaphezu koko, ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso, umgaqo, ayikhuthazwa ukuthengisa ipropati. Xa kuvela ingxaki, i Dynamics imali kufuneka maloprognozirovana.

Kanti ke, yintoni na enawe ukwehla na imali engange? Indawo yesibini ibonisa ukuba indawo ekucetyiswa lotyalo mali lwawo asethi lulwelo: iidipozithi bank, amatye anqabileyo, PIF-s ziinkampani mali.

Nokuba njani na ngaphandle cebiso sele zemveli kwiinkulungwane-ubudala elungileyo ubudala: Abemi baya kufunda ukugcina, elinye yeshumi yenyanga imivuzo yabo ngenxa mini ngemvula!

Ezinye iimeko ukuwa engange

Anecdotally, bona "bedstvovaniya kwi camera" kwiinkampani ze-oyile Russian, ukukhala zingxola: "Nceda! Ukuwa engange! Kufuneka wenze ntoni? !! "Emva kancinci ukufunda loqoqosho abantu eyazi into yokuba kunye ukwandisa ixabiso oyile kunye dollar esiwa" ekrwada-izinto "beyela Nirvana, kuba imali ibalwa yamanye amazwe, kunye neendleko (kwi Vol. H. And irhafu ) - ku engange. reconversion Going: kukuwa engange iba kwingeniso oligarchs.

Phakathi neproigravshih ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba "Surgutneftegaz" - isakhiwo nzulu-ezorhwebo, nto leyo eye yaba inhloko kanye izikhundla lwemali . $ 30 billion Qaphela ukuba kuxhamle, kodwa ezincinane, enye 'Lukoil "yaye" Rosneft ". Abayi kuba nako ukuze afumane inzuzo ngenxa yokuba zexesha elifutshane ezihlawulwayo currency amazwe (imali uhlawule yayo kuya kufuneka ukuba bathenge kwi izinga lokonyuka kwamaxabiso). A elithumela phambili "Gazprom" Kusenokwenzeka ukuba super-iingeniso ukusuka 'ezopolitiko' lweerhafu ukwanda.

UMlawuli-arhente olusebenzisa inethiwekhi "Alpari" Alexander Razuvaev qikelela ukuba ngenxa yoko ifolokhwe lweerhafu yangoku phakathi ixabiso le oli (gas) kunye irhafu engange ingeniso engundoqo oyile negesi sakhiwo siza kuba 862 yeebhiliyoni. Hlikihla. enengeniso eyongezelelweyo 682 ezigidi. bagcobe. Ngokufutshane, xa imali engange devalued, ukuba benze ntoni, uyazi ioli engcono.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoko, imali engange obuthathaka - ayikho kangako uphawu le ntlekele, njengoko isixhobo ethile mali kuphuhliso. Ukhuthaza ukuyilwa i "ababetheki" ayimali utshintsho oluyimfuneko nenesakhiwo kuqoqosho.

Oku kulandela uluvo lokuba izibonelelo utyalo-mali lwangaphakathi eRashiya ngqo ixhomekeke nokuba kuya kuba lula ukuba 'abawathabathayo esiswini "oligarchs iingeniso kwemfuneko eveliswa le engange ekungqulekeni. Ilizwe kufuneka nkqubo mveliso, chaza-NGOs, utyalo-mali ekujoliswe kuzo neenkampani zikarhulumente kunye norhulumente, uphuhliso ezintsha shishino nuclear, i-oyile negesi, ishishini yokuzikhusela.