Nevi Melanocytic, nevus papillomatous (ifoto emileyo). Ngomda nevus melanocytic - a ...

Phantse wonke umntu on Earth eye akukho umbala omnyama, akukho ubuncinane omnye igala, iyeza ekuthiwa kungekuphela nje nevus melanocytic. Noko engaqhelekanga ulwimi Russian elithi "igala" kubolekwe kwisiLatini kuthetha zonke igala enye okanye birthmark. Ekuhambeni lobomi, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, abamenzelayo ezintsha apho phambi kwakukho eluswini ecacileyo, kwaye endala shwaka ndaweni ithile. Abanye abantu oko uyothuka, omnye inkxamleko, ingakumbi xa iindawo ezimnyama baqale 'ukuhombisa' ebunzi, impumlo, izidlele. Zama ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na abamenzelayo, okanye, ngokwenzululwazi, nevi, ziziphi, apho kwaye nokuba uyakwazi kuchaphazela ngandlel inkangeleko yazo.

Yintoni nevus

Eluswini abantu kunye nezilwanyana kukho iiseli ezikhethekileyo - melanocytes, ekuthi kwezo nto kuphume kombala emnyama - melanin. Kwizilwanyana ichaphazela umbala limisa umbala yamehlo. Xa abantu, bala lintsundu unoxanduva ngobunzulu Sun, ukuba biyela UV kunye nezinye yelanga eyingozi umzimba. Xa lo mbala kubenge- isasazwe phezu iiseli eluswini, isiphathele ithowuni umbala efanayo. Ukuba ngesiquphe - ngenxa yezizathu kodwa unknown, inzululwazi - kwizisele ezahlukeneyo ngayo oqokelela imali ngokugqithiseleyo kwimimandla enjalo imvelaphi ziqala ukuma ngaphandle, oko kukuthi, kukho indawo birthmark okanye nevus pigmentosa. nevi Melanocytic - iyafana. Enye ntonye ze iingqiqo ezifanayo - melanoformny nevus okanye nevokletochny. Umbala ngokuseka aguquguquka ukusuka omnyama esintsundu ekukhanyeni, maxa wambi purple. Ukuba birthmark ebomvu (iwayini) umbala, ibizwa ngokuba elidangazelayo nevi kunye lisekwa zoqhaphelo olukhulu akukho sakhi, kunye emithanjeni zikufutshane kakhulu kumphezulu esikhumbeni. Umzekelo: flammeus nevus entloko kunye ebunzi kuye Gorbachev, umongameli yokugqibela eSoviet Union.

Abanye abantu kuba kumgangatho omnye eluswini, ngelixa abanye benza ngandlel ngaphezu kwayo nevus komhlaba melanocytic. Le ifoto ngasentla ubonisa eveleleyo kancinci nevi ulwehlo. Kwiintsana, iziphawuli ezinjalo phantse anayenza, nangona izazinzulu badla ukukholelwa ukuba zincinane nje kakhulu ukuba abonakale. Kubonakaliswa kakuhle baqalise kwindawo ethile abo baneminyaka eli-kunyaka-9-10. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nevi elula ulwehlo kukhona ngoxolo yaye akukho iingxaki ngaphandle iziphene izithambiso ezo nezingahlanguliyo.

Types of azalwa

nevus Melanocytic besikhumba kweentlobo ezimbini:

1. bekhubazekile

Ngobukhulu, ezi mbala ukwakhiwa mincinane (ukuya ku 1.5 cm ubukhulu), eliphakathi (ukuya kwi-10 cm) kunye ezinkulu okanye nesigebenga (ngaphezulu kwe-10 cm). nevi bekhubazekile nawuphi ubungakanani kunye ekukhuleni kosana kwakhona kwandisa ubukhulu. Eyona esiyingozi-avareji nevi, ezinkulu ngxilimbela, ekubeni ngokufuthi zibe ngumhlaza wolusu. Ziziphi izizathu abantwana bazalwa kunye neengcali birthmark enkulu kunye nesigebenga ukuba bathi kunzima ngqo. Ngokutsho manani, malunga ne-5% abantwana abazalwa kunye nevus omkhulu, kukho uphuhliso nomhlaza wesikhumba kunyaka wokuqala wobomi okanye nangaphezulu kancinci. Ngoko ke, abazali abaye abantwana bazalwa kunye azalwa ezinkulu kusoloko kufuneka athethane yincutshe. Ukuba nevi omkhulu ibekwe phezu kobuso, ugqirha usenokuncomela ukuba laser aphuphe, nokuba kwezinye iindawo zomzimba - kucinywe. Le nkqubo yokugqibela kucetyiswa ukuba birthmark enkulu phezu emnyama buhlungu.

2. isifo

Kubo bonke ubomi kubonakale amabala ulwehlo naphi na emzimbeni, kuquka entlonzeni, zangasese, isundu, iintende zeenyawo. izazinzulu baseBritani baye bafumanisa ukuba kukho inani elikhulu abamenzelayo nama oluphindwe-2 lunciphisa ubungozi kwamathambo kunye ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo imbonakalo Undintshwenyisile, yaye angakwazi nevus kwi wolusu uyaqapheleka nama-16% abantu ngeempawu nombala.

Izinto ezibangela zisaqala

Izazinzulu kwimeko ethile alinakuthi kutheni umntu unalo nevus melanocytic. Kodwa kukho inani oonobangela eziqhelekileyo nombala.

Umzekelo, iziphene nevi kunokwenzeka ukuba elandelayo yenzekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa:

1. usuleleko Esifakwa (herpes, toxoplasmosis, pox, kunye nabanye).

2. Ukwamkelwa lokukhulelwa, amanye amayeza.

3. ukunyuka kwamanani vitamin A.

4. utywala Ukusela.

5. Diabetes sinwenwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

6. Ukungabikho elements, azafunyanelwa ndawo.

7. yofuzo. Amaxesha amaninzi sele yafakwa kwi-DNA nevi melanocytic kuvela kwi umntwana emzimbeni kwindawo ethile. Yaye ngokufuthi azalwa nalo ilifa efanayo usana kunye nonina wayo, okanye kufutshane kakhulu oko.

nevi Acquired esinokubakho ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

1. amathamo amakhulu yelanga. Tan engekho mgaqweni kunye ngokugqithiseleyo entrainment solarium ezenza ukwanda zombala melanin, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukuyilwa zisaqala.

2. Utshintsho hormone. Oku kuquka nayiphi na imeko (isifo, ukukhulelwa, lokufikisa, ukuya exesheni, uxinezeleko, njalo njalo) apho kukho ukuphazamiseka hormone. Nabo ke, ukuba ezongezelelweyo nombala eluswini, nangona kwezinye iimeko, phezu koko, kungakhokelela ekubeni yokuduka abamenzelayo ezikhoyo.

3. imisebe.

4. X-ray.

5. Ukwenzakala Skin. Baya kunokubangela intshukumo melanocytes kufutshane kumphezulu eluswini, oko kukuthi, iindawo ezimnyama kuzobonakala ngakumbi.

ngezigaba zisaqala

nevi igama Medical maxa wambi abanye ukudideka. Kodwa enyanisweni, yonke into apha ilula kwaye nenengqondo. isikhumba Human siqulathe ungqameko: sangaphandle (kakhulu ngokusondeleyo ezibekwe kumphezulu), i dermis (i-avareji, yeyona zamafu) kunye hypodermis (zinzulu). Kuxhomekeka indawo yesihloko melanocytes, ezi ndidi zilandelayo amabala ulwehlo:

- epidermal nevus (ibekwe nomphezulu ulusu - sangaphandle);

- dermal lwangaphakathi (ngokulandelelanayo melanocytes zoqokelelo iqatshelwe nwebu nzulu - i dermis);

- Edge nevus melanocytic (isixa-bala lintsundu yaligqiba phakathi sangaphandle kunye dermis);

- hypodermal (indawo mbala kwi hypodermis) - olu hlobo nevus ukhangela phantse engabonakali ntoni ngokwayo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, le melanocytes inga siwa kufutshane kumphezulu esikhumbeni.

Isakhiwo nohlobo iimpawu ezi ntlobo zilandelayo nevi:

- complex;

- Nedlac;

- buyela;

- nevus papillomatous melanocytic;

- eluhlaza;

- spot Mongolian;

- enoboya (ukusuka abamenzelayo zikhule iinwele omnye okanye ngaphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo emnyama ngebala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umntu zimhlophe okanye wavele).

- Sutton nevi, Clark, Spitz,

Makhe siqwalasele ezinye iintlobo.

Yintoni papillomatous dermal lwangaphakathi nevus melanocytic pigmentosa

Kule elide yaye ngandlel kunzima ukuqonda inkcazelo iingqiqo ezininzi ezisayiniweyo. Ngoko ke, lo ngasentla kuphawuliwe, igama elithi "melanocytic" yaye "mbala" kuthetha ekufumbekeni melanin kulo melanocytes ezivelisa ngayo. nevus Intradermal akuboni libonisa i boxinzelelo melanocyte kwiingcamba ezinzulu eluswini, ngokwangaphandle imele esigingqini lithe tso ngaphezu kumphezulu wayo. ifane yayo imithi elithi "nevus intradermal melanocytic." Ukuba unalo umbala inyama, kodwa ibekwe kwi umlenze, kukho ukufana kakhulu papilloma. Ngenxa yoko igama - nevus papillomatous. Iziseko ezinjalo kuvela ikakhulu phezu kwentloko (inxalenye exhonti), intamo, ubuso, kodwa unako kwenzeka nayiphi na enye indawo lomzimba. umbala wabo, ukongeza isakhiwo emzimbeni, maxa wambi elimdaka, omdaka, abamnyama, yaye hummocky akuphuhlanga kakuhle ufana cauliflower. Xa amayeza, ungakwazi ukufumana amanye amagama bakhe, ezifana nevus amade, yomgama, hyperkeratotic. 2 ukwahlula iifom zabo - organic xa azalwa papillomatoznye zenzeka manqaphanqapha, kwaye zasasazwa tubercles amade banjalo. Ngokufuthi bebekwe apho, apho iimpahla yegazi ezinkulu luvo. Ukuba umntu umthetho onjalo, kusenokuba kubonisa kwezifo luvo nkqubo, ezifana ukuxhuzula. Nangona dermal lwangaphakathi papillomatous nevi melanocytic ulusu, ebonakala yokuzalwa, ngokuthe ngcembe ukwanda rhoqo, kokwabo iintlobo melanomoneopasnym elihle of izilonda ulwehlo. Ngaphandle koku, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ukuba ubone wesikhumba ezizodwa kaTata, oko nevus, papilloma, okanye wolusu. Kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukuba udibane nogqirha xa kukho papillomatoznyh inkwakhwa aqala inobuhlungu, silume okanye olumbhatshileyo. Ngokumisela sifo, ugqirha wenza uhlolo olubonakalayo kunye, xa kukho imfuneko, yenza Siascopy, ultrasound, biopsy.

nevus Kakhulu melanocytic

Le nkcazo iyasetyenziswa xa igala, owaphuma kule sangaphandle, lo dermis ikhula. Ngokwangaphandle, kubonakala kancinane ezifana enentsumpa, enobubanzi elingadlulanga 1 cm. Njengezinye iintlobo nevi, zakhiwo uthathwa ukuba akubanga nabungozi, kodwa, Ngokwezibalo zonyango, ngaphezulu kwama-50% amatyala ukuze zibe ngumhlaza. Ngoko ke, oko iba njengokuzibuza melanomoopasnym. Kubume bayo, nevi ezinzima ukuze zibe mpuluswa, rough, ixhonti, amade, kunye nombala rhoqo mnyama - omdaka abamnyama.

nevi Nedlac

Kukholelwa ukuba malunga wonke umntu yeshumi kuthe kwakho eluswini ye nevus Nedlac okanye dysplastic melanocytic. Le ifoto ingasentla ibonisa ukuba ingakhangeleka njani. Le azalwa nalo Igama data efunyenweyo ngenxa engacacanga wayo njengoko kwimida luzizi, asymmetry, ubungakanani (ngokomthetho, kudlule 6 mm), dissimilarity kwezinye zisaqala. Umbala nevi Nedlac yahluke kakhulu - ukusuka beige sakuba okanye elipinki uye limnyama. Xa amayeza, kukho ntonye ye kombala ukwakhiwa - Clark nevus. Kwimeko apho kwindawo birthmark engaqhelekanga ezinjalo kufuneka siqiniseke ukuba udibane nogqirha wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho wolusu. Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba nevi Nedlac ngokwabo musa ezingozini zempilo, kodwa ke abantu abo, basengozini umhlaza eluswini, kwaye akukho mfuneko ukubeka amabala mbala. Ngexesha ubomi nevi Nedlac, njengayo nayiphi na, ungalahleka ngokwazo, kodwa oku akukho sizathu umntu emngciphekweni ngaphandle.

ukubuyela nevus

Ngoko wabiza amabala amnyama ukuba avele kwisayithi apho kwakukho khona adla isusiwe. nevus ngokuphukela ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukuba abamenzelayo kwilaphu azisuswanga ngokupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza yesibini efunekayo.

Spitz nevus

Oku lolunye izilonda ulwehlo, ngenxa apho abantu basengozini ivela wolusu. Kuvela kwi eluswini enjalo azalwa amabala rhoqo ngakumbi abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 ubudala, kodwa abadala njengoko nazo-inshorensi. A isici esasenza Spitz nevus kukhula ngamandla. Ngoko ke, ngesiquphe ivele eluswini, kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa, unako kwandisa ububanzi ukusuka isibini omise ukuya isentimitha okanye ngaphezulu. Enye yomsebenzi wakhe mnandi - lingenza metastases kwimimandla ekufutshane ulusu kunye zamanzi. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, kwiimeko ezininzi, Spitz nevi zithathwa ebubonisayo, kwaye ngokulula wanyangwa kuselithuba.

nevus Sutton

Ngamanye amaxesha komzimba kuvela azalwa kunye undi emhlophe ehlabathini buthelezi. Ukuba amagama amabini - nevus melanocytic Sutton kunye halo nevus. Abanye abantu, imfundo enjalo zinqabile, kwabanye kusenokuba kukho okuninzi, ikakhulu ngasemva. umda White, njengoko izazinzulu zikholelwa, ibangelwa kukuba iiseli butshabalalisa iiseli zamajoni omzimba. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, nevi Sutton ukuze ibala okanye inyamalala ngokupheleleyo, eshiya a inkumbulo ibala elikhanyayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abamenzelayo erhangqwe loo nto eziyingozi. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ubukho babo, ingakumbi xa iimali ezinkulu, ibe ezinxulumene ekho uyinxibileyo kwezifo ezifana thyroiditis kunye vitiligo, okanye wolusu, nto leyo eye ayiboniswanga ngokwayo.

Becker nevus

Oku birthmark ubukhulu balo kufana melanocytic nevus omkhulu. Malunga nekota iimeko, le nombala kwenzeka kwimveku esibelekweni. A isici esasenza Becker nevus zezi:

- ukwanda iinwele zabo;

- ukungxama on induna zabo;

- ukwanda ubukhulu ukuya kwindawo, ngoko ukumisa yokukhula kunye nezikhanyisi umbala.

Uninzi lwezi azalwa ungumntu ubomi. Le ngozi eziyiyo, kodwa abanikazi bawo ngamaxesha ngamaxesha kusafuneka ukubonisa wesikhumba.

azalwa njani yingozi

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba adla ukuze ekugqibeleni libe wolusu okanye enye nomhlaza wesikhumba. Noko ke, loo nto ayilunganga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nayiphi nolovane (okanye nevus melanocytic) akafuni ukusongela. Ukhathazeke kwaoko sukela kugqirha (wesikhumba, somdlavuza) kufuneka ukuba ngequbuliso kunye birthmark tshintsho lulandelayo yenzekile:

- ukutshintsha umbala, musa andikhathali indlela;

- yaba yezi (umzekelo, khaxa kwicala elinye);

- ukutshintsha umbala kodini okanye birthmark isakhiwo;

- nolovane waqala ukuba buhlungu, nangenjinana, exesheni;

- kakhulu ukunyusa ubungakanani birthmark.

Kuzo zonke iimeko, ukuba nolovane Lusanda yahlukile zikhona, okanye ngequbuliso waba omdala ngendlela engaqhelekanga, njengoko kufuneka udibane nogqirha ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Kufuneka wenze ntoni na iintuku?

Ukuba nevi wenza aze bangakukhathazi, kwaye ukuba afumaneka kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo ulusu, elandelwa imfuneko nje ubukele. Ukuba ke apho, apho ngamaxesha amaninzi oniwe (ezintendeni, ekuncothukeni kweentende, entanyeni, phezu kwentloko, ezinqeni), okanye phezu kobuso, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo izithambiso, kucetyiswa ukuba ukususa kubo. Ukutshaja msebenzi lufuneka kuphela noogqirha - otyandayo, wesikhumba. nevi Epidermal Kunconywa ukuba ukususa utyando kuphela. YoLungiso-sandi lweSihambisi lwenziwa phantsi zomzimba zasekuhlaleni, elingenabuhlungu kangaka. isikhumba Papillomatous nevus melanocytic, ingakumbi ibekwe kwi umlenze, maxa wambi kufanelekile ukususa nitrogen engamanzi. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela kuye kusetyenziswe laser unyango lwe azalwa kunye radionozhom yazo Ukusikwa.

Emva kotyando, ugqirha ngokuqhelekileyo uqondisa lususiwe iziqwenga ukuba iimviwo histological ukuba nentembelo ngokupheleleyo ukungabikho somhlaza.

nokususwa ngokupheleleyo engamkelekanga of nevi ngeendlela zabo, zemveli. Kaninzi abantu bazama ukuphelisa nevi papillomatoznyh apha emilenzeni, novelwano ngalondoda wayibopha intambo zabo. Oku kukhokelela igazi idlulela ufikelelo igala, yaye ngokwenene bawe. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, le ndlela "unyango" Uxhokonxwa utshintsho iiseli sangaphandle okanye dermis kwaye ikhokelela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.