Sergei Diaghilev: engobomi, ubomi yakho, iifoto

Njengoko usazi, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 lixesha obunje ballet Russian ehlabathini, yaye oku isivuno exabiseke of Sergeya Dyagileva. Ubomi bakhe liye ngokufuthi sasingumba iingxoxo shushu ekuhlaleni. Noko ke, umntu owakha umrhwebi umsebenzi ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla zobugcisa, enixolele into apho abantu abaninzi baye benza abagxothiweyo.

biography esifutshane Sergeya Dyagileva: esengumntwana nolutsha

Umququzeleli Ikamva i "namaXesha Russian" wazalwa Matshi 19, 1872 kwilali kwiphondo Selishchi Novgorod kwintsapho unguwo. Umama wakhe, lo mfana akazange ukukhumbula njengoko wafa nje emva kokuzalwa kwakhe. Sergei wathabatha imfundo kaVan oselula, lowo ke intokazi abafundileyo ezikrelekrele.

uyise womntwana lowo, yaba emkhosini, yaye rhoqo ukuhamba ukusuka kwindawo ngeendawo ngokwendlela yakhe Diaghilev usapho inkonzo ngenkani. Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo e Perm ngo-1890 Sergei Diaghilev waya eSt Petersburg wangena sokuzikhethela umthetho. Ngaxeshanye, wafunda umculo kwi Rimsky-Korsakov.

Ukususela-1896 ukuya 1899

Sergei Diaghilev waphumelela izifundo eyunivesithi, kodwa igqwetha kulo ayizange yenzeke kunyaka 1896. Noko ke, kungekudala yaziwa eSt Petersburg njengomnye wabaseki lowu ubugcisa yokuqala "World of Art" eRashiya, ukumanyanisa Vrubel, Serov, Levitan kunye nabanye. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, Sergei Diaghilev bakhe abasenyongweni abahlobo-nye ifilosofi D. A. N. Benua walungelelanisa imiboniso eziliqela. Ngokukodwa, kunye impumelelo zabanjwa luhlola enkulu abangabasemisebenzini watercolors German (ngo-1897), imizobo abaculi yaseScandinavia, imizobo abaculi Russian kwaye Finnish kwi Museum of the Stieglitz (ngo-1898) kunye nabanye.

Inkonzo karhulumente

Ngowe-1899 umlawuli we-theater Imperial S. Volkonsky Sergeya Dyagileva ukuba kwisikhundla sokuba igosa izabelo ezikhethekileyo. Ukongeza, ukuba siphathiswe nekulungiswa iimpapasho yonyaka, umsebenzi imilowo arhente. Diaghilev yenza magazini kuhlelo yobuciko ukunyusa, kwaye itsala ukusebenza kwi-Imperial Theatre Vasnetsov, A. Benoit, L. Bakst, Alexander Serov, uKonstantin Korovin kunye nabanye. Noko ke, intsebenziswano kunye Volkonski iphela yantle ngokukhawuleza, njengoko Sergei Diaghilev ri ukungaboni kwabasemagunyeni bakhe ikhondo kulungiselelwa ballet "USylvia". Ngaphezu koko, yenzeka buhlungu nguDmitry Filosofov msantsa, nto leyo ibangelwa Zinaida Gippius. Ngenxa yoko, Diaghilev ugqiba ukuba awuqhawule ubukho "World of Art" yaye amagqabi ukusuka eSt Petersburg ngowe-1904.

"Amaxesha Russian"

Uhlobo asebenzayo Sergeya Dyagileva nonxibelelwano kwihlabathi yobugcisa vumela kuye 1908 ukuququzelela umboniso e Paris opera Russian "Boris Godunov" yi Mussorgsky, "Ruslan kunye Ludmilla" yi Glinka et al., Nguwuphi kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu.

Emva konyaka, ngowe-1909, yaye yabamba i "namaXesha Russian" yokuqala Paris, eyaba isiganeko eliqaqambileyo kubomi benkcubeko lonke Europe. Sergeya Dyagileva Ballets wabona eLondon, eRome, nkqu eUnited States. Kugqityiwe ballet "Namathuba 'ngaphambi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, emva apho ngusomashishini omkhulu igqibe ukuba ashiye ilizwe ngonaphakade.

"Ballet Russian"

Ngokusekelwe eNew York, apho lisekhona iinkumbulo ezintsha zomsebenzi kunye inxaxheba Anna Pavlova, Vatslava Nizhinskogo kunye nezinye abadanisi adumileyo kunye abadanisi Sergei Diaghilev waququzelela qembu esisigxina. Waba eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Ballet Russian" yaye yathatha de-1929. Ngeli xesha, Diaghilev Kwakunzima seku- zahlukane Vatslavom Nizhinskim, ngubani na into yokuba uthando lwakhe zobufanasini iminyaka emininzi. Ayikwazi ukuxolela nesithandwa sakhe kumtshato elihlebo webhaleyi isiRomania Romola Pula, waphinda wenza abahlobo kunye Mihailom Fokinym. Sokugcina kuye ballets zakhe okusemandleni ukuba baye baba ziyahlonelwa sobuciko umdaniso.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Sergei Diaghilev (bona ifoto. Ngasentla) isoloko enzulu kakhulu malunga nempilo yakho. Ngowe-1921 kwafunyaniswa seswekile. Ngaloo ndlela Diaghilev ngenkankulu bagcine imiyalelo oogqirha kunye gxebe, ungamconganga owakhe ngokwakhe, behamba uhambo yindinisa. Ukususela ngowe-1927, uye waba abrasions olomeleleyo. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba oku enye kubonakaliswa AIDS, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ubunzima Diaghilev. Kuloo minyaka, imithi akakho, buya kuba njalo ubukho nakujoliso olutsha ezininzi zosulelo ubovu kwakuthetha isoyikiso ngqo ebomini. Kamva Diaghilev ngoyaba imiyalelo ugqirha waza banduluka qembu lwakhe kuhambo ukuba kubandakanya utyelelo kwi Berlin, Cologne, eParis ne London. Kwikomkhulu yaseBritani, oogqirha wamcebisa ukuba afumane unyango emanzini thermal, kodwa endaweni ngumrhwebi enkulu, watyelela Baden-Baden-thethana intwazana omtsha Hindemith, waza ke waya eMunich Salzburg ukuphulaphula onjengokaMozart Wagner. Uziva ubambekile, wagqiba ekubeni achithe ixesha elithile Venice.

ukufa

Sergei Diaghilev, ogama Ibhayografi ezingenakwahlulwa kunye nembali ballet Russian ngexesha lekota yokuqala kwenkulungwane yama-20, wafika e Venice Agasti 8, 1929. Oogqirha yathi ngenxa ithumba waqala septicemia. Emva kweentsuku 4, wathatha ukhuko lwakhe, kodwa waqhubeka ukucebela ikamva. Agasti 18, Diaghilev wathabatha umthendeleko, wafa ngentsasa elandelayo ngaphandle kokubuyela ezingqondweni.

Emva kwenkonzo, wanyakamiswa umzimba wakhe bafudukela kwisiqithi San Michele, kwaye wangcwatywa kwicandelo yobu yamangcwaba.

ubomi Personal Sergeya Dyagileva

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, a umrhwebi ezaziwayo-kakuhle esemncinane wabonisa notyekelo lobufanasini. uthando lwakhe lokuqala yaba umzala Dmitriy Filosofov, naye waseka "World of Art" yaye, njengoko ubani athi namhlanje, wenza ukukhuthaza zobugcisa Russian. Kamva, kukho amarhe okuba isizathu ngokugxothwa zinkundla Imperial waqalisa nobuhlobo bakhe Vatslavom Nizhinskim, akazange acinge ukuba uzimela. Le elandelayo, ophumelele intliziyo Diaghilev yaba ngumdanisi oselula Z Massine, ngubani wavumela ukuba ukuthanda ngenxa umsebenzi, yaye oku waphumelela. Noko ke, umtshato wakhe Vera Savina aphelise nkwenkwezi ubudlelwane-ballet umxhasi wakhe. Emva Diaghilev wazisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kufutshane ebantwini bakhe, owanceda ngandlela zonke ukwenza umsebenzi ngempumelelo. Ngokukodwa, ngaloo ndlela iphumelele udumo Serge Lifar kunye Anton Dolin, kule meko kuqala kubo, kwakukho intetho ukuba ndihluthwe ubufanasini yakhe, nothando inkosi wahlala bulumko kaPlato. Enoba oko, ngenxa yezi neenkanuko kwazalwa ballets eziliqela edumileyo yomculo Stravinsky kunye Balanchine kunye Rouault.

Ngoku uyazi ngubani Sergei Diaghilev. Biography, ubomi kunye neenoveli le ngusomashishini odumileyo Russian ngokufuthi waba umbandela ingxoxo kunye kugwetywa. Noko ke, akukho namnye unako kundikhanyela indima yayo kakhulu kuphuhliso ballet Russian kunye nehlabathi.