Ukwandisa kunenyama eehagu Breed: nyama-kutyetyiswa, inyama (Bacon). Iimpawu kulinywe

Zonke iintlobo ihagu bohlulwa babe ngamaqela ezithathu eziphambili: kutyetyiswa, inyama kutyetyiswa, kunye nenyama. Ukulima iintlobo ezimbini zokugqibela iindleko kancinane ibiza imininzi kuneyokuqala. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba ifuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo, naluphi na uhlobo iihagu. Inyama iintlobo nge imveliso egqwesileyo, Yaphathana eRashiya ngendlela efanayo inyama kutyetyiswa, kukho ezininzi.

iimpawu eziphambili

Inyama nehagu sebaceous Eboniswe ukuba amafutha emzimbeni ukuba ziye zisasazwe kwi isidumbu ngokulinganayo. Ngenxa yoko igama lwabo lwesibini - Bacon. Beef amatakane iihagu:

• iqumrhu side, kancinane wolula ukuya ibunile;
• nemilenze emide;
• emxinwa nomsila, emva, abune;
• Iimbambo side kunye hams;
• intloko ezilula.

Inyama kunye namatye kutyetyiswa nazo ezisetyenziswa kwilizwe lethu ethandwa kakhulu. Khulisa kubo kancinane lula ngaphezu Bacon. Ngoko kwezi iihagu unokufumana kuphela inyama ophezulu ezikumgangatho kunye namanqatha kodwa yimveliso exabisekileyo. Eli qela izilwanyana unalo igama yesibini - jikelele.

kubangela yokungcola lwenyama-kutyetyiswa elithile ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Isidumbu umgangatho wesilwanyana likhule luxhomekeke ngokwandileyo iimpawu ekutyeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, iihagu Bacon ufumana oluninzi ngamanqatha. Kwelinye icala, ukusuka sebaceous - inyama.

Yintoni uhlobo iihagu Yaphathana kwilizwe lethu?

ERashiya, njengoko kwamanye amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke, ihagu yandile yaye yenye imisebenzi yesiqhelo yezolimo. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamafama lo gama besonwabela iintlobo inyama ezifana Landrace, inyama kom kunye Bacon Estonian.

Kwakhona, kumakhaya amaninzi wenza nokulinywa ibhastile ezivela Duroc iihagu. yande ngokufanelekileyo kwilizwe lethu yaye Urzhum iihagu uhlobo. Inyama yenkomo iintlobo sajika, kakade, ngaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ezi-5 zezona ethandwa. Ke yona inyama kutyetyiswa amatye, abanye babo rhoqo eRashiya ikhula ezinkulu iintlobo ezimhlophe, Breit kunye wasentla yaseSiberia.

iihagu Duroc kwaqanjwa zabo

Olu hlobo wokuqaliswa 1883 ngomhla kummandla eUnited States. osemqoka yayo lokwahlula ngumbala engaqhelekanga kubomvu-mdaka. Duroc uhlobo has:

• umzimba enzulu kunye ebanzi ngokulinganisela;
• iinyawo kakhulu ubude;
• iprofayile egobile ephezulwana intloko;
• izikhwebu lihlile iphela.

uhlwayela Duroc kwiimeko Russian azidingi wenzala unokubangela ukuya 7-9 amantshontsho. Kwaqanjwa le hlobo zidla efunyenwe awela kunye krasnopoyasnoy ihagu. Ngoko ke ixabiso nakakhulu F2 eliselula isizukulwana yesibini.

Landrace pig uhlobo: Iimpawu

Le iintlobo iye Yaphathana eDenmark malunga kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Umzali for steel yakhe iihagu ezinkulu White uze ulisonge. Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kubangela Landrace zezi: emhlophe lesikhumba nge namanwele ngebrashi ethambileyo, ephuhliswe kakuhle ham ubukhulu kanye amaphiko kwizihlunu, elide, iindlebe ekuthiwa. udumo lwakhe phakathi kumafama eehagu Landrace uhlobo efunyenwe kakhulu unyamezelo, prolificacy, inzuzo elungileyo. Ezizalana lula kunezinye iintlobo ezininzi. Isibakala sokuba landraces ukumelana kakhulu kwiimeko uxinezeleko.

Fast-white

Ezi ziihagu yakhulela eRashiya. Le hlobo yabhaliswa ngo-1993. Hlukile kukho iimpawu zayo:

• umzimba ebanzi kakhulu;
• ham meaty enkulu;
• netshiki kancinci iindlebe.

Zivuthiwe le uhlobo ekuthiwa ngenxa iihagu fatten ukuya ukuba amsike ubunzima kunokuba ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana. Izinto eziluncedo zezi iihagu wenziwa kuquka unyamezelo. Lwemfuyo ezimhlophe zivuthiwe banokuba nayiphi mmandla lwelizwe lethu.

Bacon Estonian

Izilwanyana yale uhlobo kungafumaneka ewela Landrace, ixesha-eared European, isiFinnish, isiJamani, kunye ezinkulu iihagu ezimhlophe. Olu hlobo iye ithathe zonke iifitsha ezithandwayo osi. Iimpawu uphawu Estonian Bacon uhlobo ezi iindlebe ekuthiwa ezifana hams Landrace, isikhumba pink, ephuhliswe kakuhle yaye amathambo kancinane obhityileyo.

Estonian Bacon amatakane ruggedness nehagu ebonakala ekutyeni, ngokukhawuleza ukutyeba (ukuya kwi 330 kg), nasemathaleni (iihagu 12) kunye nokunyamezela. Abanye ingqalelo kuyo engxakini abalindi ubuthathaka yaye unokukhawuleza le sacrum. Kule hlobo kukho imigca embalwa: Picker, Sieber, Pirate, njl ihagu Estonian, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isoloko isetyenziswa ukuba hybridization kwezinye iindawo zelizwe lethu ...

pig Urzhum

Olu hlobo wadalwa kwiMimandla laseKirov nabhaliswe ngo-1957 iimpawu yayo zezi zilandelayo:

• ezinkulu, skeleton rough;
• intloko owomileyo ne bhuqe evuthelweyo;
• , Umzimba elide enzulu;
• unciphise umva;
• belly akhululwe voluminous.

Olu hlobo udume ngokuyintloko ngenxa precocity nomgangatho elungileyo kakhulu inyama. iihagu Urzhum ukuba ziqulathe kuquka namadlelo kunye nobugcisa. Izinto eziluncedo yale uhlobo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ziquka ezolileyo isimo nenkuthalo uyahlwayela ngokunxulumene kwinzala. Ubunzima avareji zide kule uhlobo yi-310 kg. Zihlwayeleleni, ngexesha kunokuba ukuya amathole 12.

pig ezinkulu White

Abameli beli uhlobo ngaphandle eRashiya kwi 80s lwekhulu XIX. Noko ke, ukwabiwa akhethekileyo bamkela ngelo xesha. A yesibini nehagu enkulu emhlophe kwilizwe lethu ndiqalile ukuzalela engama-20 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Iminyaka emininzi ukuba amatakane kuphela ihagu mveliso eRashiya. kubangela Inyama yakhuliswa namhlanje kwilizwe lethu, Kakade ke, phi. Nangona kunjalo, lo emhlophe enkulu usahleli kakhulu zithandwa.

iimpawu ezahlukileyo zezi: umbala omhlophe, umgaqo-siseko eyomeleleyo, intloko ke ukukhanya ibunzi okukhulu, iindlebe enkulu, ende ebanzi umva, ephuhliswe kakuhle hams low unyawo, ilungelo avuswe. White pig uhlobo uxatyiswa ngokuyintloko earliness. Live ezime abadala ubunzima unako ukufikelela ngeekhilogram 350. Isibeleko ngexesha elinye kuzisa 11-12 amantshontsho.

Breit-kutyetyiswa uhlobo inyama

Le iintlobo iye wakhulela kummandla Yaroslavl. Njengoko abalimi umzali zikhethwe Danish Landrace, ezinkulu White kunye bendawo iintlobo zeegusha. Ezona mpawu olubonakalisa ephambili ezi hagu inyama Breit-sebaceous zezi:

• umbala omhlophe;
• yobukhulu enkulu;
• ikhanda a profile ukugoba;
• iindlebe nesisitheliso elide;
• ububanzi kunye nesifuba obukhulu;
• emva dystrophy.

Inzuzo ephambili yale hagu ithathwa ngokuba ukuchuma phezulu. A ukumkanikazi kunokuba nasemathaleni ezimbini ngonyaka ngamnye 11-12 amantshontsho.

ngasentla eSiberia

Olu hlobo sathathwa kummandla naseNovosibirsk. Umzali kuba bekungandilungelayo zeendawo eziqhelekileyo, ingezizo elinemveliso kakhulu, kodwa ke liziqhelanise kakuhle iihagu sezulu ezibandayo kunye zehagu emikhulu White. Iimpawu ze kulandelayo kumantla eSiberia: umzimba ngemvisiswano kwakhiwa, umgaqo-siseko eyomeleleyo, emva ebanzi, nomsila wayo evuthelweyo, imilenze enamandla, ephuhliswe kakuhle hams. iihagu lwesayensi kule uhlobo ngokuyintloko ukuchuma (ukuya amantshontsho 12), isimo ezolileyo ngokukhawuleza ukutyeba (ukuya kwi 360 kg).

Ingakumbi umxholo lwenyama-lard iintlobo

Ukuze nizityebise izilwanyana oluqhutywa kubuchwepheshe ezimbini eziphambili: inyama yehagu. Ide ubudala kweenyanga 2.5-3, ukuba banikwe mihla le eehagu kuquka iimveliso zilandelayo:

• feed - 1.3 kg;
• Potato - 250 g;
• skimmed - 1 kg;
• beet - 250 g

Emva koko, lo mfana likhule eneneni kugqithiselwa inyama okanye Bacon ngokuzityebisa. Ukuxhelwa ngokuqhelekileyo iveliswa xa ubunzima yehagu ifikelela 100-120 kg.

ngokuzityebisa ikakhulu kunenyama

technology Isiqulatho esinjalo kuquka iiphiriyodi ezimbini eziphambili. Xa isiseko isigaba samalungiselelo inyama ene- ngokuzityebisa ziquka feed eluhlaza kunye ezinamagqabi (30%). Oku kunokuba imifuno ingcambu, umxoxozi, iziciko eziyimidumba kunye t. D. Winter kwakhona silage zingasetyenziswa kunye isidlo ingca. Protein unit feed nganye ngeli xesha liya kuba malunga 115 g

Xa Inqanaba lesibini yokutya ngokuzityebisa uba isiseko zesondlo wamandla (85-90%). Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ingqolowa umxube (ingqolowa, ibhali, umbona, oats). Ukuze ugcine inokongezwa bran. Ngamanye amaxesha, le yesibini kwinqanaba le hagu zinikwa iitapile. Kodwa ke kule meko hayi ngaphantsi kwe-50% yabo ekutyeni kufuneka ligxile. Ngelo Inqanaba lokugqibela le "menu" eehagu ngokuyimfuneko ngaphandle naziphi yongezelela kunye ukutya, kungaba kubi kakhulu incasa inyama (intlanzi, bran, soy, amazimba).

Bacon ngokuzityebisa

Le iteknoloji ivumela isiqulatho ukufumana yehagu esimnandi kakhulu ngamanqatha omzimba obhityileyo. Iihagu ngenxa ngokuzityebisa lwe ekhethiweyo eneminyaka iinyanga 2.5. Kulo mzekelo, ngokuyimfuneko etheniweyo zehlathi. Yokudla ngemihla izilwanyana nkqubo sijongeka njengoku:

• skimmed kwaye lugxile (nerhasi efunekayo) - 1.5 kg;
• ukudla uhlaza - 3 kg;
• Izityalo iingcambu - 2 kg;
• Salt - 20 g

Kwiinyanga yakutshanje, iihagu, njengokuba ngokuzityebisa inyama, ngaphandle kule soy kukutya, bran, intlanzi kunye njalo njalo. D.

iihagu, ukuze nizityebise up kwemiqathango okunamafutha ngu

Obu bugcisa isoloko isetyenziswa ezikhulayo iintlobo inyama-lard. Kulo mzekelo, iihagu ixhelwe emva kokuba bafikelele ezinobunzima kg 200. Kuba mxhesho iimeko ezikhethiweyo ukuba amantshontsho okunamafutha stokilogrammovye. Isiseko ukutya kwabo ngekamva ukutya equlathe izixa ezikhulu carbohydrate. Oku kunokuba beetroot, umbona, iitapile, nembeleko kunye ezifana. D. imixutywa Kwakhona elinikiweyo. Ekuqaleni ngokuzityebisa njengoko lokugqibela kaninzi asebenzise ingqolowa kunye ingqolowa, ekugqibeleni - amazimba nerhasi.

Ekulungelelaniseni wefama kwindawo yokuqala, Kakade ke, kufuneka ukumisela umyalelo, nto leyo ityala lakho kuba amatakane ilungileyo eehagu. kwakha Inyama, luphawulwa imveliso egqwesileyo, wenzala kunye namandla, zininzi. unakekele isondlo esifanelekileyo kunye olufanelekileyo ngokukhetha abasha ifama inzuzo kunye neendleko-olusebenzayo.