Prague, isikhumbuzo Stalin. History of the lesikhumbuzo "Abantu yeCzechoslovakia - umkhululi walo"

Ibhanki lasekhohlo Vltava River, musa ukuba kude yaseChekhov Bridge, nto ayimangalisi yaye ngeendlela ezithile nokuba imbali eyimfihlakalo. Apha ngexesha elinye kwaku likhulu kwimbali waseUSSR lesikhumbuzo yenkcubeko. "Abantu yeCzechoslovakia - uMkhululi wayo '- ngoko ke ngokuba sculpture ozinikezele Stalin. Waya, wema 7 kuphela ubudala, kodwa kukho ubungqina ocacileyo ubomi babantu.

Imbali yayo indalo wobugcisa

Ngasekupheleni-imi- 40 lwekhulu XX, abasemagunyeni babeka phambili ingcamango: ilitye lesikhumbuzo kwinkokeli omkhulu kufuneka ifakwe ku isixeko esifana ePrague. Czech Republic, ngalo mzuzwana ke bengatshatanga kunye eSlovakia, waba yobusoshiyali. Esi sigqibo kubonisa ukubonga kwabantu bayo inkululeko Fascism. Le lesikhumbuzo bekufanele ukuba ukubonisa ubukhulu kukaStalin kwaye kwindawo apho wonke umzi nga kuyabonakala shazi. Inyathelo elilandelayo ke kukhethwe indawo ngempumelelo lesikhumbuzo. It yaphakanyiswa indawo yokuhamba-hamba phakathi Charles Bridge kunye National Theatre, isikhululo Vilhon kunye Letná endulini. Emva kwengxoxo kunye neembono ezininzi wagqiba. Le lesikhumbuzo kufuneka ukonga, malunga yaseChekhov kwebhulorho. Le ndawo yimpumelelo kakhulu: Stalin mde phezu komlambo ingqongwe izinto zayo adumileyo: i Prague Castle, eSt Vitus Cathedral kunye nandawo Karela Kramarzha.

Hello! Sijonge italente!

Kungekudala emva kokuba kufunyenwe imvume kwiindawo lesikhumbuzo elo lizwe liphela wavakaliswa ukhuphiswano phakathi abakroli ngenxa projekthi igqwesileyo. imisebenzi ezingaphezu kwama-50 zaye zahlolwa yi yijaji - abaninzi bangathanda ukubonisa bona kunye nezakhono zabo. Kodwa nomkroli projekthi igqwesileyo wabona Otakar Shvets, ngokusebenza ngokubambisana kakuhle yaziwa ngexesha womzobi Jiri Shtrusoy. Le lesikhumbuzo limele yonke ekwakhiweni: ikholam abantu bemi emva inkokeli iphambili ye-USSR. Kwicala lasekunene ibekwe abameli yeCzechoslovakia - umsebenzi, umfama, umsunguli kunye namajoni. On ekhohlo - abameli eSoviet Union (yokusebenza, amafama, sesayensi Umkhosi Red). Le Umfanekiso bekufanele ukuba babonakalise ukuba inviolability emaqandeni lwala mazwe mabini kunye nomanyano yinkokeli sabasebenzi. Noko ke, abantu wanamathela esitalini ngakumbi amagorha igama layo: "Ulayini zenyama".

Amanyathelo okuqala ekudalweni indalo enkulu

Emva esihambelana nazo zonke sibulisa sele iqalisile ukwakha le imikrolo. Ukulungiselela le njongo wayelungiselela ukuba kuqokelelwe yelitye lonke eCzechoslovakia. isebe inkonzo kaloliwe iye subordinated ukuba injongo eyodwa: ukuziswa nezinkulu enkulu nokufakelwa sculpture (oko kukuthi, njengokuba kuye kwacaca ukuba isixeko ezifana Prague). A lesikhumbuzo ku Stalin waye waqala ukuhluma. Nokubekwa amisiweyo ilitye yokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1949. Into ephambili yokuqala ukwakhiwa isiseko ethembekileyo womelele. Osekhohlo Ndiziva igranite eziphathekayo. Kodwa lo msebenzi eyona wokwakha kwaqala ngo-1952, yaye kwiminyaka emithathu kamva ukuvulwa ozukileyo Umfanekiso kwisixeko Prague. Stalin lesikhumbuzo Ingabizwa ingaqatshelwa sculpture inkulu kakhulu eninzi, wadalwa ngamaxesha Soviet. Oko: Umlinganiseli tons 14,000. ubude bayo - 22 eemitha, ububanzi - 12, ukuphakama - kangangeemitha ezili-15. Umxholo engaphakathi lesikhumbuzo liqulethe kwezakhiwo ufakelo lwesamente, leyo ziqhotyoshelwe amaqhekeza amatye eqingqiweyo ezenziwe lenyengane kumntla-Bohemian. Xa iyonke, malunga 240 kweeyunithi zasetyenziswa. Ukudala, ukwakha kunye nofakelo litye lesikhumbuzo wathabatha izithsaba malunga 140 million.

Ukuvulwa elide-elindelwe umntu onwabe

Ngowe-1953 uyafa I. V. Stalin, akazange abone lesikhumbuzo ezinkulu njengentlonipho yokumbulela. Ukufa, "inkokeli zonke iintlanga" kuqulathe inani yokufa phaku inxaxheba ekudalweni lesikhumbuzo ebantwini. Kulo nyaka Stalin wafa emva Klement Gottwald, uMongameli Czechoslovak Republic. Ku nga umiselwe ukubona indalo yakhe, kwaye Otakaru Shvetsu. Mashumi angamahlanu baba nzima eCzechoslovakia: ngokutsha, ingcinezelo, collectivization ngenkani. Konke oku kuye ushiye istampu elinzima phezu intsapho nomkroli: ngo-1954, wazibulala yomfazi wayo. Kwaye ngoko, nje phambi kokuvulwa litye lesikhumbuzo, wafa kunye Otakar.

May 1, 1954 lesikhumbuzo yenziwa yafumaneka abantu. Nangona kunjalo, iye wavakalelwa uvuyo esigcwalisiweyo hayi. Khrushchev weza intetho yokuvula wanika Abenzi bemeko-Order of Lenin. Kodwa ngo-1956 e Moscow, kwi-Twentieth Party Congress, Khrushchev wenza intetho sekubonakala Stalin ngayo ubuntu ihlelo. Inkolelo kwi inkokheli enkulu yazanyazanyiswa. Waqala sikhangelene ubunzima ilitye imbeko of Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Andifuni ukuhlala bucala ne Prague. Stalin wayalela ukutshabalalisa lesikhumbuzo ngo-1961.

Umfanekiso isiphelo ivaliwe!

Okokuqala, kunye umbhalo litye lesikhumbuzo iye yaphela, "Abantu yeCzechoslovakia -. Umkhululi walo" Kwaye emva komzuzwana isigwebo ezoyikekayo iye bevuthela: "Stalin," kufuneka kuvalwe. Sagqiba ukuyiqhaqha lesikhumbuzo kunye iziqhushumbisi. Imifanekiso kunye isiseko zange kunokubangela iingxaki. Ingxaki engundoqo yaba ekupheliseni intloko Stalin leyo. Wacingisi- malunga neetoni eziliqela. Kwakukho uloyiko ukuba le nxalenye lesikhumbuzo nanokujongela onakalise yaseChekhov ibhulorho ibekwe ngezantsi. Ngoko ke iqela nabakhi wathabatha iiveki ezimbalwa ukuba intloko yakhe moto.

Emva koko kwafika ukudilizwa. Le insides ye sculpture ezaliswe emthethweni, kodwa emva kokuba uqhushumbo, kuye kwacaca mhlophe ukuba oku akwanelanga. Akavumela zijonge nje inxalenye. Ukuze ukutshabalalisa lesikhumbuzo ekugqibeleni, oko wathabatha omnye udubulo ezimbini.

Ekugqibeleni ke lesikhumbuzo, eyathatha iminyaka 7 kuphela ubudala, ngokusemthethweni. Yaye ixesha elide, ukonga kwesingenato isithuba isixeko esihle ezinjengezo ePrague. Czech Republic ngelo xesha ifuthe utshintsho eSoviet Union, okubangelwa nkqubo Khrushchev kaThixo. Oku kuye kwabachaphazela umfanekiso yokwakha kweli lizwe. Phantse zonke ezikhumbuzo e Prague, Walizinzisa owayesakuba 'yinkokeli yabantu ", yatshabalala.

A indawo engcwele akukaze engenanto

Phantse de yee-imi- 60 lwekhulu XX kwenzeka ebhenca ubuntu ihlelo lika Stalin, hayi nje kuphela kweli USSR, kodwa le Czech Republic. I inxaxheba kule ne Prague. Stalin lesikhumbuzo kade idilizwe. Kodwa kule ndawo nangoku ibhungane. emhadini Huge phantsi lesikhumbuzo emalitshintshwe apha naphaya yokugcina imifuno, phantse ezimbini engamashumi. Kule 90 yokuqala kwakukho club rock yokuqala siphila ixesha elifutshane, ngoko ke lejelo losasazo.

Phambi lo Mboniso ka-jikelele yeCzechoslovakia kwagqitywa ewamisela kwindawo lesikhumbuzo ukuze Stalin Metronome. Ngokuba projekthi evela Vratislav Karel Novak. Bekucingelwa ukuba pendulum omkhulu sesona impi phezu kwexesha, uya kuphawula kuvulwa mboniso. Nangona kunjalo, lo Metronome ngasekhohlo emva kokuba igqityiwe. Yena ngoku ifakiwe utyelelo ezininzi ePrague.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Ngoku ke elikomkhulu Czech Republic ngomnye zixeko zihle yaseYurophu. Apha phantse yonke ngezakhono kubizwa ngokuba umsebenzi wobugcisa bokwakha. Prague ngoJuni umele ephawulekayo iigadi njengomboniso eneentyatyambo, nentabalala kwelanga. Nokuba yinto kwanetha ayisayi kuphazamisana imo yakho, ngokuba ubushushu umoya kugcinwa kwi 16-20 degrees. Ehlotyeni, kukho inani elikhulu iminyhadala, iikonsathi kunye nemibhiyozo. Iihambo e Prague ziyafumaneka ukuze nabani na ongathanda ukuba va bubele ngokupheleleyo kunye nobuhlobo umzi ukukhanya.