Ukwakhiwa ichibi eNicaragua. Yintoni ithatha inxaxheba ekwakhiweni Russia?

Ukwakhiwa ichibi e Nicaragua - uhlobo lwe eyenye ePanama wamanzi odibanisa Atlantic kunye Pacific Ocean. Ingcamango yokudibanisa amadama ezimbini ezinkulu wabonakala ngenkulungwane XVI, kwaye eyona ukuphunyezwa kwayo iqale kwinkulungwane lokugqibela kummandla Isthmus Panama. Kuba ulwakhiwo isiqwenga kwaza of ilizwe ezikhethiweyo, kwakhiwa yokunqumla amanzi. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo oluntsonkothileyo izitshixo, nelawula ukukhulisa izitya enkulu kubude 26 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle iye isetyenziswe. Ukwakhiwa ichibi eNicaragua ngokusemthethweni olwaqalwa ngoDisemba 2014, kwaye ke ixesha le projekthi uthelekelelwa iminyaka elishumi.

Nicaragua Canal ngo kwimbali

Ukuncokola waba ekuqaleni wokwakha inkulu ehlabathini, ekuqaleni swi nokuhlaziya ngokutsa umzila kummandla eNicaragua. Wamitha ivimbelwa kukuba ububanzi Panama kwisiqwenga somhlaba 4 amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe kwinxalenye esemantla i San Juan del Norte, apho lokuphumelela pre-kucwangciswe isitya enye ukuya kwenye ndawo enkulu. nomtsalane projekthi kukuba ngokupheleleyo akukho iintaba kunye namatye inyengane enkulu kwindawo Nicaraguan. River St. uYohane, nto leyo ngaphambili izele wangaphakathi elidlulileyo ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo abaseMelika yaye akusekho sisithintelo kulwakhiwo, phezu koko, bahamba naye.

Umtsalane kwezoqoqosho isiteshi

Umsele Interoceanic eNicaragua zavusa umdla ngenkulungwane ye-19, xa isakhiwo yayo zobugcisa iye yachazwa yi Louis uNapoleon ngokweenkcukacha. Le mbono uthathwe abaseMelika, ngoko kwawona isiFrentshi, ebinezinto igunya ngokusebenzisa Suez Canal. projekthi French akuphumelelanga. Apha indent kwaye uqaphele ukuba wokugqibela ezimbini kwindlela channel ingqalelo, ekugqibeleni Panama Passage wabonakala ngowe-1914. Isifaniso kwakhe - Nicaragua Canal waqala ukwakha kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2014. Umtsalane kwezoqoqosho yokugqibela kukuba umzalwana wakhe ngenkuthalo olunempumelelo.

Sokuyekwa landa ngendlela. Le projekthi ijolise imali. Ukwakhiwa lomsele eNicaragua, uya sicuthe umgama phakathi kwamaziko ezininzi zoqoqosho, ingakumbi, phakathi New York and San Francisco, indlela kuncitshiswa km 800. Emva ngo-2006, Enrique Bolaños, uMongameli we Nicaragua ngelo xesha, amazwe summit wathi ilizwe lakhe ukulungele ukuphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo kule projekthi.

Isitimela waya

Large Nicaragua Canal iminyaka emininzi wahlala ngaphezulu kancinane ukuthetha nje. Kuphela ngo-2012, urhulumente elo lizwe wayethatha amanyathelo asebenzisekayo kweli cala. Ngo-Julayi ka-2012, isivumelwano sasayinwa ukuba uphuhliso lobuchule kunye kwezoqoqosho sokwakha kunye ixabiso 720 lamawaka eerandi. Sele ku September 2012, imemorandam ungene e Hong Kong, ebonisa ukuba nokwenzeka lwesakhiwo esicacisa neziphumo kwezoqoqosho, okusingqongileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe. Imali iprojekthi ezicwangcisiweyo ngeendleko-mali evela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Okwangoku, mxhasi ngezimali ingcamango ihlala China. Nicaragua Canal waba isiseko ekudalweni inani elikhulu imisebenzi, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa abahlali kurhulumente, kodwa ngenxa kwamanye amazwe American labantu Central.

Yintoni eyabangela ekuqondweni projekthi kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo?

Ukusebenza zokwakha ixesha elide prowujekthi ngenxa ekukhuleni kwenkqubo jikelele zorhwebo olwandle. Ukuba ngaba ukwandisa womnatha amanzi sele kwiminyaka eli-15 kamva kuya kubakho iingxaki kunye izithuthi ngokusebenzisa iPanama Canal. Iingcali ukunika nengqikelelo yokuba ngo-2030 eJozi ulwandle kunyuka ubuncinane 240%. NgoJuni 2013 e Nicaragua yamkela oyilwayo phantsi apho Ukunyenyiswa kuvunywa le nkampani HKND Group. Loo nto iza kuphumeza ingcamango kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo. Ukususela ukudluliselwa ilungelo ukuqonda kweprojekthi kunye nemiba zemali ziye zisonjululwe phambi kokuphela kuka-2014.

kobunzima

Ukwakhiwa lomsele eNicaragua yasungulwa emva ukusombulula inombolo ngokumangalisayo imiba kwaye boyise imiqobo emininzi. Ukutyhubela imbali yophuhliso iprojekthi nxamnye naye baba PR imfazwe esebenzayo yi Melika. Ngokuqinisekileyo zithi ukuba isizathu sokuba ukuziphatha kunye nemeko enkulu amagwebu, kuyingxaki, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela inani lamanqaku. Malunga nam wulo rhoqo amarhe. Van Tszin watyholwa kungawazi umsebenzi wakhe. Ukuba ngenkuthalo Ukusasaza ulwazi zokwakha lomsele e Nicaragua akayi azise nayiphi na inzuzo kwezoqoqosho. Ngokucacileyo zimele izibakala yokunciphisa umthamo yokuthumela. Imfazwe PR inxaxheba imibutho ezaziwayo-kakuhle nokuba kokusingqongileyo. Akukho namnye abequmbise xesha ayiphumelelanga kwaye le projekthi sele ngokusemthethweni lasungula ngoDisemba 22, 2014.

Iminqweno amazwe ehlabathini

Ukwakhiwa umsele omtsha eNicaragua, exhaswa kakhulu China, njengokuba kuba into karhulumente kubaluleke qhinga. Oku kungenxa imfuno izinto ezinkulu oyile kunye nezinye izinto eziya kummandla Umzantsi Melika. Xa bekusungulwa uqoqosho channel Tshayina kuba idabi lokwenene. Kumazwe amaninzi, le projekthi iza kuvula amathuba ezinkulu zophuhliso. UMongameli uthe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba le projekthi entsha lomsele e Nicaragua ziya kukhatshwa kukwanda nganye capita GDP ukuya mzuzu xa urhulumente abe ngomnye azizityebi ehlabathini. Ke Russia, urhulumente wayo iqwalasela le projekthi njengento enye indlela esuka Pacific ukuya Atlantic, kodwa akukho ngaphezulu.

ERashiya indima ekwakheni emjelweni

Xa uqala kuqala, iRussia omncinane umdla kwisiteshi ngokwayo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, akunto nje enye elizweni. Kwelinye icala, inkxaso ukwenzela ukwakhiwa urhulumente uza kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinqanaba lezopolitiko. Wathabatha inxaxheba ukuphunyezwa kwemibono eyohlukileyo, Russia uqinisekisa ukuzibophelela kwalo kwihlabathi multipolar, nto leyo uvaliwe kwi lokubanga kunye nemigangatho kabini. NgoNovemba 2013, ngokusesikweni uRhulumente wamema Russia ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokutyala asethi ukuze kwakhiwe umsele eNicaragua. inxaxheba Russian kule projekthi namhlanje, ukuchonga yingxaki ngenxa yokungabikho kwengcaciso, kodwa ngo-2013, abameli ngurhulumente ekuvunyelwene lula isindululo kunye bavakalisa ukuba bakwazi ukuthatha phezu unikezelo lwezixhobo zokusebenza, zokwakha kunye nokwakha ezizodwa.

Ukwakha emseleni inter-yolwandle eNicaragua, njengendlela China neRashiya amchase US ndlela yophuhliso

Iingcali cinga ngendlela umdla kakhulu isizathu lokwenyaniso ukwakhiwa ijelo. Zigqutyuthelwe, kodwa usoloko ingqalelo into izicacele ukuba Melika olawula iPanama Canal kunye Panama ngokwayo isebenza Protectorate yayo. Umendo phakathi elwandle ezimbini ezinkulu uthathwa ipesenti ethile ingcali njengoko Union of Russia neChina kwisiqalo edabini ezizayo kunye eUnited States malunga nokuqhubekayo kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba China unikwe ndiyanicebisa, andiwisi kuphela ngokwakhiwa emjelweni, kodwa ukusebenzisa kuyo, iminyaka emakhulu ezayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isakhiwo ngokusemthethweni ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisebe Russian benkampani, kodwa yinto nangoku kuphuhliso. Njani inxaxheba amazwe enjalo injongo 'xa ukwakhiwa oyinyaniso, agwebe yingxaki. I-obonakalayo kuphela iinzuzo zoqoqosho zale projekthi kuluhlu olubanzi lwamazwe zehlabathi.

ERashiya ukuzibophelela

ERashiya ukuzibophelela abanoqoqosho ezininzi ukuchaza nje kuphela iindleko eziphezulu projekthi (zeerandi ezingama-40 ezigidi ukuba iindlebe kwi kwakusakhiwa Panama Canal). Kakuhle eli ubumbano oxhaswa lizwe eNicaragua kunye bafakwa kuluhlu lamazwe 11 ukuba uvotile wakhetha yobume eRashiya kwi kwimiba enxulumene-UN ye-zimvo eCrimea. UN General Assembly lamkele isigqibo ngelo xesha, ngokwendlela apho ngodaba kummandla eCrimea sabhengezwa mthethweni. Ngokutsho iziphumo zokuvota, amazwe ali-11 kuphela kwiintlanganiso, vo 100 xa kuthelekiswa no-58 Bazila ukusuka zimvo. Oku wabeka isiseko sentsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe 11 ababemelene uninzi: Belarus kunye eArmenia, eSiriya, Cuba, North Korea kunye Sudan, Zimbabwe kunye Bolivia, Venezuela kunye eNicaragua.

Ziziphi iingenelo ezifunyenwe ubambiswano Russian?

Emva kokuqala kokwakhiwa ngoDisemba 22, eRashiya wafumana imvume yokuba indawo iinqanawa zabo amanzi angaphakathi kaRhulumente kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo qhinga, ukuze abe nako ukujonga indlela ijelo elisetyenziswa yakhiwa eNicaragua. ERashiya nenxaxheba ekwakhiweni ngenkulungwane kuqikelelwa antsonkothileyo. Kukho uguqulelo, njengako apho China uxhasa ngokupheleleyo nokwakhiwa umsele omtsha eNicaragua. Eli lizwe linikeza nommandla wayo, naseRashiya lixhomekeke kuphela ukuziphendulela umsebenzi into. Ijaji kule meko ngokucacileyo akwenzeki, ekubeni kukho phantse ukunqongophala epheleleyo lolwazi, kwaye uqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko ochwepheshe ukunika uluntu nenguqulo zabo kuphela laseTsomo into eyenzekayo.

Isakhiwo isikhonkwane

Ukwakhiwa akhawunti entsha e Nicaragua iya kuba ihlabathi inkulu projekthi mashumi yakutshanje. Ixabiso Indleko yale mbono kuqikelelwa kwi $ 40 billion. Qalisa iprojekthi ukusebenza paneer sele ngowe-2019, yaye ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo kuhlelwa ezicwangciselwe 2039. Njengenxalenye yokwakha icetyelwe ukuba ukwakha kumazibuko ezimbini ezintsha, izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, i-oyile kunye nezinye izakhiwo yorhwebo. Ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi iza kwenza igalelo elibonakalayo kuphuhliso loqoqosho ehlabathini, kukushenxisa kumazwe amaninzi ukuba uhlume kuzisa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo kwizigidi zabantu. Kodwa kuthekani iPanama Canal? ENicaragua izama ukudala umfuziselo, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo akayi kuba ayilungelelene. Emva kweminyaka embalwa siza kubona ukuba loo mbono akuphumelelanga.