Ukutshatyalaliswa kweengxaki zomntwana. Imimiselo yokuchithwa kweengxaki ze-fetus

Umfazi ngumdali wobuntu. Yaye makangacingi ukuba amadoda angacasuli ngesicwangciso sesibini, kodwa ngaphakathi kwowesifazane ukuba umntu omtsha akhule aze aphuhlise. Kwiiveki ezingama-40-42 ngaphakathi kwayo kukho ubuninzi beenkqubo ezinzima kwaye ezinomdla ezidibeneyo. Ukususela kwelinye elityeli elincinane umntwana usungulwa-kwaye lo ngummangaliso kakhulu emhlabeni!

Ukutya okunokulinganisela okufanelekileyo, ukuzilolonga ngokukhethekileyo ngokomzimba kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, ukuthatha amavithamini amnandi, inkxaso kunye nothando lwabathandekileyo kunye nokuhamba rhoqo kwomoya omtsha - oku kusisiseko sempilo yengane engakazalwa.

Ukulinda umntwana, mhlawumbi, ixesha elonwabileyo ebomini bonke abafazi. Kwaye kwangexesha elifanayo, wonke umama ozayo uyaxhalabisa: into echanekileyo kunye nosana kunye nokukhulelwa okude kulindelekile?

Ukuqwalasela ngokucophelela yonke inkqubo yokukhulelwa, umgulane wesifo somzimba uvame ukuchaza iimvavanyo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo, nganye nganye eyenziwa ngeveki ethile yokukhulelwa.

Uhlalutyo lokuqala, oluqinisekisa ukuba umntwana usentliziyweni yomama ozayo, uhlalutyo lwe-hCG (i-chorionic gonadotropin yabantu, ibonakaliswe kuphela kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo).
Xa umama ozayo uza kubhalisa, umjobi wezifo uya kubachazela iimvavanyo ezinjalo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-HIV;
• Uhlalutyo lwe-RV indawo yokuhlala (ukuphendulwa kwe-Wasserman, ngokwemiqathango elula-uhlalutyo lwe-syphilis);
• Uhlolo lwegazi jikelele;
• Hlalutyo lwegazi.

Ukongeza, i-laboratory iya kuthatha uhlalutyo lobukho beeshukela egazini, kwaye kufuneka kwakhona udlulise uhlalutyo olubanzi lomchamo.

Ukuba umama wesikhathi esizayo unomngcipheko we-Rh , kwaye ubaba womntwana unesimo esihle, ngoko ke xa ukhulelwe, ugqirha uya kubeka iimvavanyo zegazi ukuze afunde ubukho be-antibodies malunga ne-erythrocyte yengomso wengane.

Kwaye, ke, akukho ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngaphandle kwezifundo ezibalulekileyo njenge-ultrasound kunye ne-dopplerography ye-fetus. Konke kunye kukuvumela ukuba uqaphele imeko yomntu okhulelweyo kunye nosana, kwaye msinya uphendule ukuba into ethile ngokukhawuleza ihamba kakuhle.

Uphando olutsha

I-Dopplerography ye-fetus yindlela entsha yokuhlola, ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuhlola ukuhamba kwegazi kuzo zonke izitho zendoda encinci engakazalwa, bona ukuba intliziyo yakhe, iintso kunye nesibindi ziphuhliswa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye zihlole ukuba iinqanawa ezikwintambo yesigxina, i-placenta kunye nesisu somama ozayo sisebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Le ndlela isekelwe kwimpembelelo yeDoppler kunye nexesha elinikeziweyo lona lusebenza ngokubhekiselele ekubekeni iliso ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kunika ulwazi olunolwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemeko yeemvuthu.

Ukufunyanwa kweDoppler

I-Impact Doppler yafunyanwa ngowe-1842 ngu-Austrian physicist Christian Doppler. Ufumene ukuba i-ultrasound iguqula ixabiso leemfono xa ibonakaliswa kwinto ehambayo. Umtshini we-ultrasonic ulungisa umboniso we-ultrasonic obala, ubala umahluko phakathi kokuthumela nokuthumela ii-indices zamatsalane kwaye ubonisa iziphumo kwifom yesithombe esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngesihlandlo sokuqala kwiphilisi, iskena seDoppler senziwa ngo-1955 ngabaososayensi abavela eJapan, abaye bahlola indlela yokusebenza kweentsimbi zeentliziyo nezitya. Kwizinyathelo zomzimba kunye nezibilini, i-ultrasound dopplerography ye-fetus yenziwa ngo-1964. Emva koko, i-apparatus ye-ultrasound dopplerography yasungulwa, kwaye imimiselo yee-indices zelizwe lokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus yafundwa kwaye yavunywa.

Yonke into iphantsi kolawulo

I-Dopplerography ye-fetus ihlelelwe bonke, ngaphandle kokunye, oomama bexesha elizayo kwi- 32 yeveki yokukhulelwa, ngoko musa ukucaphuka kusasa uze ucinge ukuba into ephosakeleyo ngunyana. Le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba ugqirha uhlola imeko yeemvuthu kunye nenkqubo "yenkqubo yomama-baby-baby", kwaye ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto eziphazamisayo - ziza kuthatha amanyathelo afikelelekileyo ekupheliseni.

Ukukhulelwa kwexesha eliphambili ekukhulelweni kumiselwe kwimeko yokukhulelwa okanye ukukhulelwa okubanzi kwiiveki ezingama-22 ukuya ku-24 okanye nje ukulawulwa okongeziweyo kwipentecenta, intambo yomntwana kunye nomntwana.

Iqela leengozi

Ukongezelela kwizifundo eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo, kukho izibonakaliso ezongezelelweyo zokuqhuba i-ultrasound ye-fetus engaphelelwanga nge-dopplerography:

• I-Eclampsia kunye ne-pre-eclampsia yowesifazane okhulelweyo;
• Uxinzelelo olwandisiweyo, i-dystonia ye-vegetative-vascular yomama ozayo;
• Iingxaki ngeentso ngexesha lokukhulelwa;
• Ukukhulelwa;
• I-Rhesus-fetus kunye nengxabano yomama;
• I-Pathology kwi-pregnancy yangaphambili;
• Gestosis, i-toxicosis;
• Izifo ezithintekayo okanye ezifa.

I-Eclampsia yi-toxicosis enobuhlungu ebonakalayo ekukhulelweni kwexesha elide, ehamba kunye nokuxhalaxwa kwexhala kunye ne-CNS. Ubuhle be- coma bukhulu , ngoko i-eclampsia yingozi kakhulu! Ilandelwa yi-preeclampsia, kwaye ukuba ichongiwe ngexesha kwaye unyango olufanelekileyo lunqunywe, le meko iyavunywa.

Ukuchazwe kwangaphambili-kuthetha ukuxhoba

Isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokuba kutheni i-dopplerography kwiimpawu zenkqantosi yinjongo yokunyanzeliswa yimboyi ye-hypoxia yobusana be-intrauterine.
Intambo yomnxeba odibanisa umama ozayo kunye nosana unomdla kunye nemibhobho emibili. Kwiimibhobho ezivela emzimbeni womama, umntwana ufumana zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ekuphuhlisweni kwayo, kuquka i-oksijini. Imveliso yokubola iyiphumela nge-veillical vein. Kubalulekile ukuba yonke into isebenze ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba kukho na ukungaqhelekanga kwintambo yomthamo, umzekelo, imithwalo yegazi emancinci, kunye kunye nezondlo, usebenze ngokukhawuleza kwaye ungenako okwaneleyo. Kwi- utero i-hypoxia ye- fetus ikhula, ngenxa yoko umntwana ubhekene nokusilela kwe-oksijini kunye nesondlo, kwaye iziko zakhe azikwazi ukukhula ngokuqhelekileyo.

Kwinqanaba lokuqala le-hypoxia kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele, ukuba inkunzi iphosa kakhulu, ukuba imilinganiselo ayamkelekanga - iimbandezelo zeemvuthu ziyaqhubeka, ukuphindaphindiweyo kwe-perturbations umyshshaetsja kakhulu.

I-hypoxia ikhawuleza ifunyenwe, ngokukhawuleza ugqirha uya kumisela unyango oluyimfuneko, kwaye umntwana uza kuzalana enempilo.

Uviwo luyenziwa njani

I-Dopplerography ye-fetus ifana ne-scan ejwayelekile ye-ultrasound. Njengomthetho, ezininzi izixhobo ze-ultrasound zanamhlanje zixhotywe nge-doppler. Le nto ayibuhlungu kwaye ayisoyikiyo: ugqirha uya kusebenzisa i-gel-conductor kwisisu somfazi okhulelweyo kwaye uqale ngokunyanzela ukuqhuba imouse ye-ultrasound phezu kwayo. Isiphumo sophando siya kubonakaliswa kuqala kwi-esweni kweso sixhobo, kwaye emva koko umgaqo-nkqubo we-dopplerography of the fetus uza kushicilelwa kumshicileli.

Imiqathango yezibonisi

Iziphumo zaso nasiphi na isifundo ziqhathaniswa nezikhombisi eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-dopplerography ye-fetus ayikho. Qonda ukuba yonke into iyinto eqhelekileyo - ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha awunakwenzeka, kuba umgaqo-nkqubo we-dopplerography of fetus uquka inani elikhulu lezibonakaliso zedijithali apho umntu ongenayo imfundo yonyango ekhethekileyo akakwazi ukuyifumana. Iimpawu eziphambili zovavanyo zi-IR (inkcazo yokhuselo), i-PI (i-index of pulsation index) kunye ne-SDO (i-systolic-diastolic ratio).

Musa ukulimaza

I-doppler ultrasound ye-fetus ayiyikubeka ingozi kumntwana kunye nomama wesikhathi esizayo. Ngokuphambene noko, "ngumncedisi" ongcono kakhulu olawula ikhosi yokukhulelwa kwaye unceda ukusabela ngokukhawuleza xa kukho naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga.