Izibizo ziikhowudi ephumelelayo. isigaba lungelelanisa kunye ngokwegrama izibizo

Isibizo - yinxalenye eyodwa intetho, nto leyo ibonisa umxholo aze avakalise eli xabiso kumacandelo inflectional ezifana, njengoko kunjalo kunye nenombolo, kwakunye encediswa uhlobo, libakala osisigxina.

Eli nqaku lixoxa inqanaba izibizo kwixabiso. Siza ukuchaza ngamnye kubo baze banike imizekelo.

Noun ibhekisa izinto ngokwengqiqo ebanzi igama: amagama zezinto (sleds, isikere, ibhokisi, udonga, itheyibhile), abantu (indoda, umfazi, inkwenkwe, intombazana, mntwana), izixhobo (cream, iswekile, umgubo), izinto eziphilayo izidalwa ( leentsholongwane, Pike, esimibalabala, ikati), izenzakalo, iziganeko, izibakala (umdlalo, umlilo, iholide, incoko, uloyiko, usizi), kwakunye yenkqubo kunye neempawu uphazamiseko, ogama njengokuba into eyahlukileyo elizimeleyo - ukuyinyathela iimpawu, umgangatho, imeko, isenzo ( isisombululo, ukubaleka, nemisonto emsi, baziziyatha, ububele).

isigaba Basic lungelelanisa kunye ngokwegrama izibizo

Inqanaba basic zilandelayo, apho zahlulwe kwezibizo: 1) izibizo kunye efanelekileyo eqhelekileyo; 2) izinto; 3) bebonke; 4) abstract kunye eziphathekayo; 5) ezingaphiliyo kunye ziyaphila. Ezi izibizo khupha ephumelelayo phambana. amagama, umzekelo, lungabandakanya amagama zombini ezingaphiliyo kwaye iphile izinto. izibizo Real ukuba ukuchaza ubunzima kwento inokuba nexabiso ehlangeneyo (iswekile, iidiliya, cranberries). (Inqanaba zombini lungelelanisa nelulwimi) Specific ziyaphila ezidibeneyo engaphiliyo, nibizwayo amagama lezinto ingqalelo. Kukho nezinye imizekelo. Noko ke, lo gama iqukiwe omnye okanye kwelinye inqanaba intsingiselo izibizo babe morphological eqhelekileyo, kwaye maxa wambi iimpawu ilizwi-ukubunjwa olumanyanisa kubo.

izibizo eziqhelekileyo kunye izibizo

Eli candelo kwenzeka ngokwesiseko amagama into njengommeli eklasini okanye njengomntu ngamnye. Own zombini lungelelanisa nelulwimi udidi izibizo (ngamanye amazwi - "amagama") - amagama lo muntu izinto ebe zizezakho iklasi ka eyohlobo olulodwa, kodwa azikho ngokwazo ngumqondiso ngale into.

izibizo Eziqhelekileyo - amagama, ebiza umbandela ukufakwa yakhe kwiklasi ethile. Eli gama lungelelanisa nelulwimi udidi lesibizo esiyintloko kubonisa ngokulandelelana njengoko yenethiwekhi zifundo bokuhlala kule klasi iimpawu.

Ngaba umda mobile ukutshabalala phakathi izibizo eziqhelekileyo kunye amagama: Izibizo eqhelekileyo badla babe (ikhowudi amagama kunye eziteketiso). ezabo ngokufuthi lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela izinto ezifanayo ngokubanzi, yaye ngaloo ndlela babe igama indlu: knight, Derzhimorda, philanderer.

amagama eyiyo ngendlela emxinwa

Phakathi amagama ukuphuma okunjalo eyabelwe izibizo luncedo njengoko zakhe ngengqiqo exineneyo, uze apha. Eyokuqala amagama ngeenkwenkwezi eendawo kunye namagama kwezilwanyana nabantu. Oku - ngokucotha kwakhona uluhlu ukcola eliqingqiweyo, eyenziwa amagama ababelwe kwisifundo esinye. Kusenokubakho phindo, kuqondana (amagama zokuhlala, iilali, imilambo), nobona inkqubo frequency ophezulu amagama abantu nezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo.

igama

Ngokuba izinto usebenzisa izibizo ezahlukeneyo okanye izayamaniso amagama. Izibizo Common kunye nentsingiselo lungelelanisa bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa koko iyatshintsha kuphela umsebenzi. Umzekelo: iphephandaba "Izvestia", isityalo "Hammer and irhengqa" imimoya "Lilac". Sebenza amagama kunye namagama ezifanelekileyo: i umkhumbi "Ukraine" ihotele "eMoscow".

izibizo

izibizo Collective kwenza ekubhobhozeni eyahlukileyo (lungelelanisa nelulwimi) phakathi izibizo eziqhelekileyo. Phakathi Ngawo la ke amazwi wabhekisela iseti izinto ezininzi ezifanayo, kwakunye ukubonisa ixabiso ngoncedo izimamva ezahlukeneyo: -stv (a) (ulutsha, abafundi); -iya (asebukhosini, Oovulindlela); siyeke (a) (amahlwempu), kunye nabanye. To noun nemibutho yabasebenzi ingqiqo ebanzi nako amagama kubangelwa kukuba imele ingqokelela yezinto: ifanitshala, inkunkuma, Qhotsa encinane, ihamba. Collectiveness lucacisa amazwi lungelelanisa, lililizwi-ukubunjwa. Uphawu kwezi kwezibizo - ukuba akukho yesininzi.

izibizo real

Bona ukubiza izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo: izinto (isamente, gypsum), ukutya (iswekile, umgubo, okuziinkozo, namanqatha) iintlobo amalaphu (umqhaphu, velvet), izinyithi, izimbiwa (jade, iemeraldi, intsimbi, inkcenkce, ubhedu, intsimbi), iziyobisi , imichiza (aspirin pyramidon, neyuranium), izityalo (ingqolowa, iitapile, i-oats), kunye nezinye nobunzima ngaku eyohlobo olulodwa.

Izibizo Real, ngokungafaniyo ekuqokeleleni, kufuneka, ngokokuqhelekileyo nezimamva ukubonisa ixabiso lokwenene. Oku kubonakaliswa ukcola kuphela.

Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwezibizo eziphathekayo, okanye kuphela isinye okanye isininzi: cream, iziqholo, igwele; inkcenkce, umgubo, iti, nobusi. Dadisa lesibizo, luqhele ukusetyenziswa isinye, ngokuthatha ifomu isininzi, sime ngaphandle ehambelana iifomu lungelelanisa: okuziinkozo (cereal okanye izityalo grain yonke), kodwa okuziinkozo (cereal esiXhoseni).

Abstract (abstract) kunye nezibizo eziphathekayo

amasuntswana ezinjalo zabelwa phakathi izibizo luncedo njengoko abstract kunye eziphathekayo. Eziphathekayo - igama ebayalela izibakala, abantu, izinto, izenzakalo ezikhona, leyo ixhomekeke ebhankini kunye thaca ngokwahlukeneyo: imfazwe, ulwe, injineli, isangqa, ipensile.
Olu didi isibizo lungelelanisa kunye lwegrama, ngamanye amazwi, imela izinto abangatshatanga kunye izininzi zabo.

Ngaphandle amagama abangenawo isinye (pluralia tantum), zonke izibizo ezithile kufuneka isininzi kunye isinye. Ngokutsho iimpawu morphological izibizo eziphathekayo akuxhomekekanga kuphela ngokuchasene ezingabonakaliyo. Kwakhona bayayichasa wokwenene kwinqanaba adibeneyo izibizo, pluralia tantum; neemfundiso zabo nazo ezahlukeneyo.

Abstract (abstract) - amagama ukubonisa abstract amagama, iimpawu, iimpawu, uthi kunye nezenzo: intshukumo, ukubaleka, né, ubuhlobo, ububele, wayithimba, elungileyo, sihleke, enkosi. Inkoliso yabo baqhutywa izenzi nezichazi, izibizo benziwa usebenzisa zero-Isimamva (replacement, ukususwa, ukugula, ubukrakra), isimamva -skeleton (wabugwala, emihle s), -stvo (o) (uninzi yize, uqhayiso ubuntshatsheli) , -chin (a) / - Shin (a) (piece-msebenzi) omkhu (ubuntu, ngokoqobo) siyeke (a) (hoarseness, ububele acid) kunye nabanye. inxalenye omncinci iqulathe ezahlukeneyo amagama unmotivated: Okubalulekileyo, usizi, intuthuzelo, intlungu, ukutshiseka, usizi, umgubo, uloyiko, indalo, ingqondo, mbandela.

Kudla akukho iintlobo yesininzi izibizo abstract.

Philisa kunye nezibizo ezingaphiliyo

Izibizo zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini: ziyaphila kunye ezingaphiliyo. Philisa - amagama ezilwanyana kunye nabantu: isinambuzane, a Pike, a starling, ikati, umfundi, utitshala, unyana womntu.

Ezingaphiliyo - amagama zonke ezinye iziganeko kunye izinto: incwadi, itafile, udonga, ifestile, indalo, ikholeji, emathafeni, ehlathini, ububele, nobunzulu, ukuqhuba, intshukumo, isiganeko.

La mazwi indima ezahlukeneyo kunye nokubaluleka. Amasuntswana enenjongo izibizo babe neempawu zabo ezithile. Philisa rhoqo ilizwi-ukubunjwa ezahlukeneyo morphologically ukusuka ezingaphiliyo. Eli ligama abantu ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye izilwanyana ababhinqileyo, ezo ukushukunyiswa ngelizwi, ebizwa isilwanyana okanye umntu ngaphandle Ngokubhekiselele kwisini okanye oyindoda: umfundi-umfundi, utitshala-utitshala, umfundi-school ntombazana, umzukulwana, umzukulwana, a Muscovite, Muscovite, ingonyama -lvitsa cat ikati et al.

Ngokuqhelekileyo vusa izibizo anentsingiselo morphological esobukhomokazi okanye oyindoda, kwaye abambalwa kuphela --avareji, kwaye sizimisele semantically asisiso uhlanga oluthile sesibizo (ngaphandle embindini, leyo kuthiwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba ophilileyo emgangathweni izidalwa: igama lomntu non-omdala (umntwana), okanye uchwetheze igama isidalwa, ubuso, isinambuzane, ezanyisayo, isilwanyana). Kuthunyelwa izibizo ezingaphiliyo ezintathu ngokuzalwa morphological - avareji, nabakhonzazana, nabakhonzi.

Paradigms zamagama ezingaphiliyo kwaye iphile

Paradigms of ezingaphiliyo kwaye Philisa rhoqo kwahluka kwi isininzi: ziyaphila unayo ukwenza ityala wesenzo, ingqamana genitive. Umzekelo: Akukho izilwanyana, akukho bazalwana noodade (RP), ndabona izilwanyana ndabona abazalwana noodade (VP). izibizo ezingaphiliyo ngendlela kwisininzi ukuba ihambelana wesenzo kunye nominative. Umzekelo: on the table apile, amapere kunye yeepesika (Ip); apile bathenga, amapere kunye yeepesika (VP).

Siye sahlolisisa sisibizo njengenxalenye intetho, wayemana izibizo. Ngethemba eli nqaku liza kuba luncedo kuwe. Ukuba ulwazi akwanelanga, qiniseka ukuba babone imisebenzi ezibhaliweyo ngalo mbandela Kochanov ON thina Udlala izibizo enenjongo kuxutyushwa kumanqaku kwezinye ngokweenkcukacha.