Imiqathango Military neeNkcazelo

amagama Military - iqela elikhulu lamagama kulwimi. Eyona njongo iphambili yale ulwimi yeyona nokonyulwa izinto, nokuhlalisana iikhonsepthi ezinxulumene kuloyiso ukuziphendulela - imixholo esembindini kwimbali kunye yezopolitiko lonke ixesha.

Ukuqeshwa kwamagama zomkhosi

amagama Military kunye iinkcazo ziyinxalenye yenkqubo open olutshintshayo ulwimi, leyo ixhomekeke iinguqulelo ezithile, nokuphila ngokungqinelana nemithetho ngqo lophuhliso.

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, xa imicimbi zomkhosi wabeka phambili, wathabatha imilo kwinkqubo eyahlukileyo, iye yandiswa yaye thesaurus amagama amagama ezithile ezisetyenziswa ziingcali zomkhosi kwimeko yemfazwe kunye nomkhosi kubomi bemihla ngemihla: imfazwe lasekuhlaleni, ideology kunye ubuxoki, izixhobo, uqeqesho yokulwa. Ngenxa yokwanda ukuntsonkotha izixhobo zomkhosi kunye nophuhliso lwamathuba yamacebo qhinga yaqala ukuvela balinqabisa eqamba ulwimi olutsha: amajoni, ezontathu namandla enyukliya. izinto tactically ugugile beza kudidi historicism: ballista, namabhanti iCartridge, iTafile ezintlwini, mabutho, i-Red Army. Kukho i abasindileyo yonke "core" universals-term ayahlukahlukenanga kwinkulungwane: amajoni, uCaptain, Navy imbasa uloyiso.

Ngokomthetho ukuqeshwa lwesigama wakhe wamajoni onceda uluntu kunye norhulumente, njengokuba kubhaliwe ezinxulumene neenkqubo fluid kubomi kwezopolitiko (ngaphandle kunye nezo ziphuma ngaphakathi).

Ucalulo kwiikota Military kunye Iinkcazelo

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, amagama zomkhosi ingqiqo, ngokunjalo izinto ababameleyo, ukuba zikwimeko yophuhliso enamandla kwiimeko yokuqhubeka inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, kuloo mmandla ethile, kuba kuso esiqingqiweyo, lo gama sihlala iyunithi ezinzileyo akuthethi ukutshintsha ixabiso layo.

Phakathi isigama yasemkhosini ngayo isigqibo ukwaba amaqela alandelayo:

• amagama zomkhosi kunye nezopolitiko (qhinga, kwebhola);
• amagama zomkhosi bozakuzo (umbutho);
• magama zomkhosi-technical (bangamalungu kumasebe ahlukeneyo imikhosi exhobileyo kunye ukulwa iingalo).

Uphuhliso lwesigama ngolwimi Russian

Imvelaphi isigama zomkhosi kulwimi Old Russian kunokubonwa kwisicatshulwa "Lay" (yezizathu ngo-1187). Ekubeni "uLizwi" luzinikele iphulo emkhosini, apha intabalala zimelwe imiqathango zomkhosi ixesha layo; webutho, ukuthuka, zokucima, umkhosi, Shelom, Ingweletshetshe, umkhonto, isaphetha, utolo, etc ...

Ngaphezu koko, kwinkulungwane XVII, njengoko uphuhliso lolwimi kuyo yaqala ndzulu ukuboleka-kunye Latinism Germanisms. Hi xikombiso, eka Vuhundzuluxeri Bya German incwadi ethi 'The Art of War elihamba "(. Ipapashwe ngo-1647) kukho ezininzi amagama German emkhosini, kusekho: musketeer, mkhosi, uLt, umthetheli, kunye nabanye.

Ngethuba intsebenziswano emkhosini yokoyisa nempumelelo XI-XVII eminyaka. isigama Military kuba natyetyiswa amagama ukusuka kwiilwimi zamaTurkic: umphongolo ingubo, abalindi kunye nabanye.

Ngelo xesha uPetros ulwimi Russian iye natyetyiswa zomkhosi naselwandle nesigama enkosi kwimisebenzi ngokutsha esebenzayo werhuluneli lokuqala Russian. Ngokusebenzisa uphuhliso imikhumbi kunye zokuboleka zobugcisa obuphambili ukusuka Dutch kunye IsiNgesi wangena amagama yomkhosi wamanzi, ngoku lixesha kwimicimbi zomkhosi: kuhlasela, waselwandle pennant wamanzi, isikhephe, flight (. Holland), Boat, uBrigadier, midshipman (Eng.).

France kunye Germany, imikhosi ezazikuyo ixesha XVIII-XIX eminyaka. ezininzi kwaye baqeqeshwe kakhulu, ziye yaziswa kwintetho amagama zethu ezifana emkhosini njenge umkhosi nomkhosi ekampini, flitches, ukuhlasela, ukubetha, uCaptain, uhambo, sam, owamahashe, ngesigidimi, injineli intsimi butho (tsh.), ngokubetha, ukubetha, endlwaneni, nabo ulwimi bandolier, eminqubeni (oko.), kunye nabanye. negalelo isibakala sokuba lolwimi Italian "weza" Carbonaro, a knight, ngodonga, yindawo, isixhobo kunye nabanye.

In Russian mihla uninzi mboleko bazisa ulwimi IsiNgesi kunye iphupha American. Ngokomthetho lelona yiMelika kunye nezixhobo emkhosini, isigama kunye zeengcaciso babe analogue ulwimi Russian: ntaka - ntaka sniper - shooter, inkwili - umqhubi ngwenya - pilot kunye nabanye.

amagama lexicography empini

Ukubeka kunye nenjongo "yomkhosi" yokugcina ulwimi, liqulunqe isichazi-magama zomkhosi - kwakungelula. Kwelinye icala, kukho isithuba esivulekileyo imemori yembali yolwimi, kwelinye - imfuno engxamisekileyo ethile weemeko kunye nokumisa ezinxulumene kuquka nomba ngokusemthethweni kuluntu emkhosini.

Ngo-2011, iqela ababhali phantsi editorship ka D. O. Rogozin umsebenzi omkhulu lwezenzululwazi ilungiselelwe - a Uluhlu eyodwa "Imfazwe Noxolo kwiikota kunye neenkcazelo." Esi sichazi-magama zomkhosi lunikezelwa yonke ekuthiwa ngaphambili iqela loqhagamshelwano kwesigama ethile. It isihloko incarnation nokuthiywa ekhethekileyo ezisingelwe phantsi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo - umxholo emfazwe kunye noxolo, emkhosini, imbali emkhosini, ngemiba yangoku esematheni ukhuseleko yesizwe neyamazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, kwi-magama iphathwa phantsi nomthetho wemitshato - ibinzana kwi zetyala, esiya nakwiindawo elinoxolo:

• umthetho karate - nokusetyenziswa lwesicwangciso imikhosi exhobileyo ngokungqinelana neemfuno yemfazwe (oko kukuthi, ebakhuthaza ukuba enyangweni .. imeko yokusebenza).

iingxaki zotoliko Terminological magama kwenzululwazi zomkhosi kunye nethiyori imfazwe, imbali kunye nokwahlulwa nemikhosi exhobileyo nezikhali, kwakunye Economics, Geography, pedagogy, imbali kunye nomthetho efanelekileyo kule nkalo.

Ngokwamanani zomkhosi "ophilayo" system ulwimi

Njengoko sisazi, ubomi na ukuma. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, amagama zomkhosi, ngokunjalo izinto ababameleyo, zikwimeko yophuhliso enamandla kwiimeko yokuqhubeka inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa. Of ubunzima oluthile systematization yequmrhu omkhulu kangaka zeziliphu: njengako LF Parparova, inani izinto empini mihla ifikelela malunga nezigidi ezi-3 izinto uncwadi.

Ukongeza, ziphawuleka ukuba ipoti ye 'ukuvelisa' amagama athile kunye neenkcazelo kwenzeka ebudeni "Ungqabhuko" olunomkhosi, ezizezi ngamaxesha ungquzulwano, kuphazamiseka revolution, ungquzulwano ngezizathu zobuhlanga nonqulo: ubugrogrisi, separatism, "Bandera" Shahid " ibhanti ukuzibulala " kunye t. d.

isigama Military kwintetho

Umda ukusetyenziswa amagama zomkhosi ayiphelelanga kwikomkhulu yinqubo, eziphambili kunye uphathwe, - kumaphepha ndaba ezithandwayo kunye neemagazini, iinkqubo zikamabonwakude kukugubungela iziganeko zezopolitiko, imeko umkhosi Russian, ungquzulwano emkhosini, yaye, ke, umbhali intatheli yasemkhosini akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle isigama ezizodwa .

Yolwimi SG Ter-Minasova niqaphele ukuba esi sichazi-magama ulwimi Russian zoncwadi ukuchaza ukuxhatshazwa emzimbeni zimelwe "imfuyo"-98 iinketho, kwaye nangenxa yokubonisa ububele nokuthobeka - onke amagama-11 kunye namabinzana. Kuyamangalisa ukwazi ukuba nkqu ukusetyenziswa zenzeka ulwimi ifihlakeleyo arsenal enkulu 'aziintshuntshe neentolo ".

Indima lwesafobe in kwamagama zomkhosi

Ukuqwalasela imbali yoluntu njenge oluqhubekayo "imbali iimfazwe", kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba Lexicon zomkhosi elangena kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi (ezopolitiko, amazwe, ubuntatheli, iincoko zabucala kunye nonxibelelwano ngemihla), sintyumpa uthungelwano izafobe: umzabalazo ekuhlambululeni imfazwe ebuhlanti; inkangeleko yabo ngokuqhula ngokuba "zokudubula enzima" kwi nasinye isixhobo neemazi iimveliso zononophelo ulusu, njalo njalo. d.

amabinzana Nakuba ezisegumbini intetho emkhosini, yaye maxa wambi ezinye iimodeli olutsha isixhobo ebizwa i "Ugxininiso zemibongo, 'umzekelo: self-ngokwaso udaka 2S4" eTulip ", iyunithi self-ngokwaso zokudubula 2C1" Carnation ", umpu mfutho 2A36" eseshumi AB "flamethrower enzima inkqubo tos-1 "Buratino" qhinga entsonkothileyo enjalo "Topol-M" kunye t. d.

amaxabiso ukudlulisa sigama yasemkhosini lusoloko lusekwe phezu uluvo ukudibanisa okanye amava lomntu. Ngoko ke, ukuveza ingcamango ukutsala amagama yokuveza igama zesiqhelo okanye ingqiqo: ngumgibe iimasked; "Amaculo" yitanki; "Scythe of Death" (umpu umatshini ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala); itanki, umgqomo (itanki ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi), i-Tsar Tank, "Grach" (Su-25 moya).

ngokoMthetho zomkhosi ingxaki translation

Xa ukuguqulela izibhalo amazwe eliqulathe imiba zomkhosi kunye neenkcazelo zisoloko zineengxaki ngenxa nokungangqinelani zolwimi, okubangelwa:

• ukungabikho mfanekiso phakathi kombono ubunyani (Army - ukuba imikhosi emhlabeni, hayi umkhosi);
• kwenzeka ezingafanelekanga okanye engaphelelanga amagama (Military Academy - sisikolo wamajoni, kunokuba isikolo wamajoni);
• umahluko phakathi kwemikhosi exhobileyo kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo mazwe;
• umahluko kubume besebe unit (impi kwi waseBritani Army - webutho, yaye US Army - inkampani intelligence);
• short "sokuphila" imiqathango ngamnye (umz; kakhulu imiqathango izichazi ezahlukileyo iimfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala kunye yesibini, nangona sele kudlule iminyaka engaphantsi kwe-30 phakathi kwabo);
• inani elikhulu nezishunqulelo-nobumba, kunzima ukuba ziqala;
• ngobuninzi slang (iinyawo zam yomile - ukubhabha phezu komhlaba; Akukho uvuyo - ithagethi akukho kubonakele).