Ukususwa kwamanzi: iziphumo, umgaqo wabo wokusebenza kunye neenzuzo zokusebenzisa

Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba aphakamileyo aphelisa kakhulu umsebenzi wezoqoqosho, athululela imitshini yeziseko zezinto ezizayo, unyanzelisa inkqubo yokwakha, ukunciphisa ukunyaniseka nokuqina kwazo, ukuphazamisa isiseko. Ukwenza le ndawo okanye loo ndawo ifanelekileyo yokwakhiwa, ukunciphisa amanzi kuqala. Iifowuni zefowuni ezisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa izinga lamanzi, vumela ukuqonda imisebenzi eyabelwe yona kwimeko enzima kakhulu ye-hydrogeological conditions.

Umgaqo-siseko wokulahlekelwa kwamanzi

Ukukhethwa kwendlela ethile yokulawula amanzi asemhlabeni aphezulu kuxhomekeke kwiiparitha ezifana nobukhulu kunye nokujula kokucubungula, ukuyila kwesakhiwo esizayo, iimeko ezikhoyo zemihlaba kunye ne-hydrological, njl. Nangona kunjalo, nayiphina iteknoloji yokunciphisa amanzi isetyenziselwa injongo enye: ukunciphisa izinga lokuvela kwamanzi angaphantsi kwamanzi. , Apho abayi kukwazi ukuphazamisa umsebenzi wokwakha.

Umgaqo-jikelele weendlela zokunciphisa amanzi kukudala ukudakumba kwengcinezelo. Ngokuhlala uphononongo, amanzi ekulobeni lomhlaba enza uhlobo lwesandi. Endaweni apho kuqhutywa khona amanzi, izixhobo zenza iindawo zokudakumba. Umehluko phakathi kwinqanaba lamanzi elifunekayo kunye neyona nto yezantsi yokudandatheka okuxubileyo kubizwa ngokuba yi-funnel.

Ubunzulu bendawo kunye neengqungquthela zesifo sokudandatheka sisetyenziswe kuxhomekeke kwimimiselo ethile. Ezi parameters zigcinwa ngeli xesha elifunekayo ukwenzela imisebenzi yokwakha. Kubalulekile ukuba ukucoca ngamanzi kunye nezihlunu ze-aldle yinto engunaphakade, kuba ukuba ukupompoza kumisiwe, amanzi asemhlabeni aya kuphakama kwizinga laso lokuqala.

Uyilo lwe zixhobo

Ezi zixhobo ziquka ipayipi ekupheleni kokutshatyalaliswa okufakwe kwisihlungi. Ngenxa yobuncitshulwa, iincinci eziqinileyo (umhlabathi, isanti, iinqhezu zamatye ahlukahlukeneyo, njl.) Ungangeni kwizityalo zokufakela inaliti.

Ubuninzi nobude beemibhobho zixhomekeke kuxhomekeke ekujuleni kwexesha elizayo lokucandwa, iipropati zomhlaba kunye nokufunwa okufunekayo.

I-Algorithm yomsebenzi weziphumo

Ukubalwa kwenani lezinto eziphathekayo lwenziwa ngokuqwalasela ububanzi obufunekayo be-funnel. Kwiindawo ezizimeleyo, izixhobo zifakwe emhlabathini kwindawo apho kuhlaselwa khona amanzi. Izihlungi zeenaliti zixhunyaniswe ngepayipi kumpom wokupompa amanzi. Umbhobho ungenziwa nge-rubber, isinyithi okanye ezinye iindidi zamabhobho. Into ephambili kukuba bayathembeka.

Umlinganiselo apho ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi okufakela kwintsalane kuya kusebenza kuxhomekeke ekukhetheni okufanelekileyo kwamandla ompompo kunye nokubala okuchanekileyo kwenani kunye nobubanzi beemibhobho. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha akunakwenzeka ukucima ngokupheleleyo amanzi, ngenxa yoko uluhlu oluthile lwamanzi (0.5-1 m) luhlala phezu kwekholam yamanzi. Ukususwa kwayo kudla ngokuqhutywa ngokulungiswa kwamanzi okuvula okwethutyana kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamagatya okupompoza amanzi okupompoza amanzi kuwo.

Iindlela zokunciphisa amanzi ngamasilitha

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa umgangatho wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ngoncedo lwamacebo angenaliti.

• Ukuba kumsebenzi wokwakha udinga ixabiso elincinci lokulahlekelwa kwamanzi, iimpompo kunye neepompu zokuzibhokoxa zisetyenziswe ukukhanya. Izixhobo ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukunciphisa izinga lokuvela kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwi-4.5-8.5 m. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwi-depth depth, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nesakhiwo esisisigxina sisebenzisa.
• Ukuba izinga lamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba liza kuncitshiswa kumanqanaba angama-18-20, i-ejector-filters kunye ne-special jet pump-ejector-ekhethekileyo.
• Amapompu e-Deep centrifugal yamandla aphezulu asetyenziselwa ukuhlamba amanzi kumanzi angaphezu kwama-20.
• Indlela yokucoca ixhomekeke ekusebenziseni i-ejectors ekhethekileyo, eyenza i-vacuum kwiindawo ezihlungiweyo. Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo umgangatho wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwiimeko zokungena kwiindawo zokungcola.

Ukukhethwa kwendlela ethile yokunciphisa ixhomekeke kwimimandla yomhlaba, iimeko zokuvela kwazo kunye nobukhulu be-aquifer. Ukongezelela, into efunekayo yokucoca, indawo yecala elidlulileyo, iteknoloji yokwakha okanye ukuchithwa kwemigodi, ubude bokunwa kwamanzi kunye neempawu zezixhobo zokuhambisa amanzi ziqwalaselwa.

Ukunyuka kweendawo

Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokufaka isixhobo esinciphisa amanzi kuxhomekeke kwimimandla yomhlaba kwisiza sokwakhiwa kwexesha elizayo.

• Indlela yokufakelwa kwe-Hydraulic isetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umgangatho wamanzi kwihlabathi elincinci kunye nelungileyo. Le teknoloji ibandakanya ukupompoza amanzi kwisixhobo sokucoca, esiwa phantsi.
• Indlela yokucwangcisa i-needlepoints inconywa ukucinywa kwamanzi kwi-gravel kunye nenhlabathi yobumba. Ukulungiselela imithombo yamanzi ephambi kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa.

Indlela efanelekileyo yokufaka iipropati kunye nenani labo lichongiwe ngobukhulu bommandla wamanzi kunye neempawu zomhlaba.

Iingenelo zokusebenzisa i-needlepoints

• Ukufumaneka kwezixhobo zokunciphisa amanzi.
• Ukuhamba nokukhululeka kokufakwa kwenkqubo.
• Ukungabikho kwemfuno yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kagesi (izixhobo zisebenza kwi diesel fuel).
• Ukusebenza komsebenzi.
• Iindleko eziphantsi zokunciphisa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela.
• Ukusebenza kakuhle.