Ukusebenza Anxiolytic - it ... isiphumo anxiolytic kwamachiza

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, abantu abaninzi banyanzeleka ukuba rhoqo kwimo yoxinezeleko ntshikilelo ngokweemvakalelo, leyo, ngokwemvelo, kukhokelela ekugqibeleni kwiintlobo ngeentlobo ukuphazamiseka bangonwabi. Hi ndlela leyi, kumazwe aphuhlileyo ubunzima kwezi ukuphazamiseka ne-20% yabemi.

Kulo meko kwesifo ngentla ingxaki ukuphazamiseka bangonwabi kunye nonyango lwabo, njengangoku ezinye ungxamisekileyo amayeza kunye Pharmacology. Neziyobisi ukunceda ukumelana uvalo banda, ukuphazamiseka ixhala kunye nemvelaphi ngokweemvakalelo, ezifakiweyo ngoku kule kudidi okufunwa kakhulu.

Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukubacacisela isenzo kweziyobisi psychotropic kwiqela okudambisa ezibizwa anxiolytics ngakumbi lakhula, kwakunye siqonde ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi neziphumo zazo emzimbeni womntu.

ukuphazamiseka ixhala - sisibetho yomntu lwangoku

Phakathi izifo ngokwasengqondweni-ngokweemvakalelo ukuba azibonakalisa-sikhokelo iingxaki zengqondo kunye nezifo (neurasthenia kukubonelela kwindawo yokuqala) zezona ukuphazamiseka ixhala kakhulu yinto eyenza qho. Bathi ke, phakathi kwezinye izinto, inokubonakalisa njenge eyahlukileyo nosological (m. E. isifo Independent), umz, ekwimo sisifo yokothuka, ukucekiswa lwentlalo ngokubanzi nexhala disorder. Kwaye, ngelishwa, ixhala kunye nokuphazamiseka edakumbisayo ngalo mzuzu kukho-70% ezigulane kunye ithi non-ngengqondo edakumbisayo imvelaphi, kule meko ngenxa yezizathu ayicacanga, lo gama i-75% yabo - abafazi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba, amayeza, kuba usoloko ingqalelo njengomba elibi kwi nezifo ekhulayo ingqiqo loloyiko kunye ixhala kungakhathaliseki uhlobo sifo ngxabano. Oku kungenxa ixhala ngokunzulu kuchaphazela imeko yomguli ngokwasengqondweni-ngokweemvakalelo, kwaye ngokuchasene nemvelaphi oku kuphuhlisa ngezifo zengqondo, kwaye iyafumaneka kuye somatic (emzimbeni) izifo kuya kwenzeka ezinokuntsonkotha kunye abane isikroba.

Ukujongana bekhathazekile ukunceda iintlobo iziyobisi psychotropic, ezibandakanya uxinezeleko (anxiolytics), kunye nemithi yokunciphisa.

Anxiolytics (okudambisa) kunye lakhula: nomahluko phakathi kwabo

Kodwa ke kufuneka nje ukuba sicacise ukuba, nangona yeekhosi zokuqhelaniswa nezifundo efanayo ngokubanzi, ezi mali zineziphumo ezahlukileyo kwisigulana. Kwaye ke umahluko ophambili phakathi okudambisa kunye lakhula iqulathe kanye kukuba anxiolytics usebenze nokutshatyalaliswa ukukhathazeka, nengcutheko, ixhala, yaye ukuba nochuku eziyelelene ukudakumba, kunye nemithi yokunciphisa bayasokola nesi sifo ngokwabo.

Uxinezeleko (kuluhlu kweziyobisi kunye eli nyathelo liya kunikwa emva koku) inefuthe ibhaqwe ngoko nangoko, kodwa ngokubanzi ihlala akukho ngaphezu kokuba imini, emva koko isigulane akafumani ithamo elilandelayo beziyobisi inokuba kwakhona abafumana iimpawu ixhala.

Ifuthe lakhula ixesha elidana, njengokuba kubhaliwe ngqo kwi unobangela imeko zophendlo lwezifo. Ikhosi ye unyango ngala machiza kuhlala iinyanga 1-2, yaye kwiimeko kakhulu ukuya kunyaka. Kodwa lakhula Unokuwuqhawula ukuphelisa uxinezeleko ngokupheleleyo unyango olufanelekileyo. Xa uxinezeleko sifo kakhulu ezilawulwa kunye lakhula - omnye uzibonakalisa sifo uphathwa, kunye nezinye - unobangela.

Yintoni iimpawu uxinezeleko?

Ngoko ke, safumanisa ukuba okudambisa ngokuyintloko isiphumo anxiolytic - ukuhla iimvakalelo yomguli yokoyika, ixhala, ukungakhululeki, ebonakalaliswe ezahlukeneyo ezinomsila ezimbi ezahlukeneyo zengqondo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, okudambisa ilifa kwakhona umthomalalisi (obscheuspokaivayuschim), thile, izihlunu relaxant (ekunciphiseni kwezihlunu), kunye namanyathelo anticonvulsive. A iimveliso ukusebenza ochazwe thile kuboniswe ekuphuculeni iziphumo yomguli thile, iintlungu (iintlungu-ukubulawa) iziyobisi kunye amachiza asetyenziswa kunye uxinezeleko.

Uthe machiza ngempumelelo kakhulu ukuba likhoboka lento ethile (umz. N. Inkinga) okanye suspiciousness esinyusiweyo (hypochondriasis). Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ngeli Uthando etsolo, iimfeketho zokufeketha, nemibono kunye nezinye izifo, leyo nayo kufuneka ikhatshwe ixhala, uloyiko nonxunguphalo, okudambisa Azifumaneki kunyango.

Njani na ukudluliselwa kolwazi ngobuchopho bomntu?

Ukuze siqonde indlela umntu imvakalelo rhoqo woloyiko ixhala, uxinzeleko lweemvakalelo, kwakunye neminye imiqondiso lukarhulumente edakumbisayo, makhe siqwalasele ngokubanzi, indlela ulwazi idluliselwe ebuchotsheni.

Ubuchopho zeeseli luvo - luvo, leyo musa kungena ukudibana ngqo kunye nabanye. Ingaba synapse phakathi kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo (okanye zicandwe zobuchopho) kwaye ngoko ukudluliselwa kolwazi, ezizezi ngamaza ombane phakathi iiseli zemithambo-luvo, sigcinwa abathunywa imichiza, ebizwa neurotransmitters.

Yokuphazamiseka kuburhulumente nangokweemvakalelo umntu kukhokelela notshintsho uyondelelwano lwee- neurotransmitters ezithile (ekubhekiswa kulo njenge ukuhla kwamanani amathathu kubo): norepinephrine, serotonin kunye dopamine.

wenza njani anti-nokudakumba?

Isiphumo lakhula ejoliswe ummiselo inani mediators. Xa neuron lifumana mediators uphawu zombane ufake synapse kuncede ukudlulisela phambili umqondiso. Kodwa ukuba bathe zitshatyalalisiwe, inkqubo ukudluliselwa iba buthathaka okanye nzima. Yaye kwiimeko ezinjalo, ube umthetho, kwaye urhulumente odandathekileyo yomntu - isigulane kuphazanyiswa ingqondo, kukho ukungakhathali, kunciphise imvelaphi emphefumlweni, kukho into ekhathazayo, ixhala kunye kubonakaliswa efanayo imeko zophendlo lwezifo.

Injongo yeQela in karhulumente uthe kuthintela intshabalalo yabalamli, apho ukudluliselwa umlawuli angxamele luvo sele ziyanyuswa, kwaye uphawu inhibition ihlawulelwa.

Kodwa khumbula ukuba ukusetyenziswa lakhula ixesha elide ekugqibeleni kuya kubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngohlobo utshintsho ubunzima, ukuphazamiseka kwendlela umsebenzi ngokwesondo, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, ukurhawuzelela. Kutheni data iziyobisi psychotropic ezisemthethweni baya- ibekwa kudidi amachiza ezifuna ulawulo eyodwa phezu ukuqeshwa kunye yolwamkelo.

Kutheni okudambisa kugcwele?

Ngokungafaniyo lakhula, isiphumo anxiolytics kukunciphisa excitability kwiindawo subcortical zobuchopho, ngelixa iziphumo uyondelelwano lwee- mbambano kwezi amalungiselelo ithambile.

Ekusebenzeni lwezonyango isebenza uxinezeleko (anxiolytics) inegalelo yokuba, xa kuthelekiswa ne-lakhula, kuba inani amancinane ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye ngokubanzi ngoyaba kakuhle sisigulane.

iziyobisi Anxiolytic zisetyenziswa ngayo unyango esibhedlele kunye kwesibhedlele a. Kodwa ububanzi bokusebenzisa babo kudala nje ngaphaya kwengqondo. Iquka yoluvo, zotyando, umhlaza kunye nezinye izifo. Kwaye oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba ekubeni uphuhliso okudambisa yokuqala, iqela babo iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwe-100, ukuba imihlaba ebanzi nempembelelo, kunye nokuphuhliswa ezintsha usaqhubeka.

Kwezinye iimeko, anxiolytics zisetyenziswa?

Ngoko ke, njengoko sele mhlawumbi wayeyinxalenye phandle, ukuze kupheliswe imvakalelo yokoyika, ixhala, nivuse umbundu excitability ngokweemvakalelo, bunjani ubuthongo, ukunciphisa nochuku, ngumchamo, yaye iindlela ophendula hypochondriacal, isigulane kufuneka kuqeshwe anxiolytics. impembelelo yabo kunceda ukufezekisa ukuziphatha lomguli ukunciphisa kwamanani kwenkqubo luvo, ukuphucula kukhubazeko zentlalo yezigulane, nkqu ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka yawo. Kuyabonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezi mali imeko njengokuba bangonwabi kunye iimpawu zokulala kwakunye nengxaki sentliziyo kunye syndromes iintlungu.

Avamise kakhulu kwiimeko ezinjalo okudambisa, benzodiazepines ezinxulumene "Xanax", "Lorazepam", "Finazepam", "elenium", "Diazepam" okanye "i". Kodwa yandile kwaye njalo kuxokwa-anxiolytics Nedlac - umzekelo, iziyobisi "buspirone hydrochloride" okanye "Meksidol".

Okudambisa: uluhlu kweziyobisi kunye neziphumo zazo

Uxinezeleko (anxiolytics), njengoko kubonisiwe, kusetyenziswa unyango lwezifo ezininzi, ukuba zombini imvelaphi zengqondo kunye somatic.

La machiza kunceda ekunciphiseni excitability abo iinxalenye ingqondo yoluntu banoxanduva basabele. Kunye omkhulu phakathi okudambisa na isiphumo anxiolytic, kubonakala nje kuphela ukuncitshiswa ixhala, kodwa ekunciphiseni esilawulayo (tai) kunye nokuququzelela hypochondria (ukwanda suspiciousness). Ukuba ndinciphise uxinezeleko engqondweni, uloyiko nonxunguphalo, nto leyo libizwa kakhulu kwezi mali njengoko "Finazepam", "Nozepam", "Diazepam" yaye "Lorazepam".

A amachiza "Nitrazepam" yaye "Alprazolam" kuba zomlomo okulalisa, kunganxulunyaniswa kudidi ipilisi zokulala, tranquilizer. Iziyobisi "Medazepam" yaye "Grandaxinum" libhekisela okudambisa imini ekuthiwa, ezo phantse akukho izihlunu relaxant (izihlunu nokuphumla) kunye neepropati umthomalalisi, ebavumela ukuba bathathe ngexesha leeyure zokusebenza.

Amalungiselelo "clonazepam", "Finazepam" yaye "Diazepam" kufuneka, ukongeza, nesiphumo anticonvulsive, esetyenziselwa unyango wesimo, nokuxutha yawo.

Njengoko anxiolytics elimisiweyo?

Xa kutyunjwa anxiolytics kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo umahluko spectrum imisebenzi yabo. Ngoxa ngeedosi ezinkulu, nayiphi na kuzo ezibonisa iimpawu uphawu amayeza kuzo uxinezeleko.

Ikhondo eqhelekileyo ye unyango kwamachiza kunye neziphumo anxiolytic - umalunga-4 iiveki. Xa eli chiza iyathathwa ngeveki ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10 ngokuqhubekekayo, uze wenze ikhefu leentsuku ezintathu, baze emva koko aqalise yolwamkelo beziyobisi. Le ndlela ivumela kwiimeko ezininzi ukuthintela isiphumo habituation ukuba kubalulekile sebenzisa ixesha elide.

Xa oku antianxiety drug-esebenza elifutshane (umz, "lorazepam" okanye "Alprazolam") Kucetyiswa ukuba ukuthatha amaxesha 3-4 emini, yaye kuthetha kunye namanyathelo elide ( "Diazepam" njl) - hayi izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-2 ngosuku. Phela, "Diazepam" lidla ilawulwa ethathwa kanye phambi lokulala, ekubeni kunempembelelo enamandla umthomalalisi.

Siphephe xa uthatha tranquillizers

Kodwa onke amachiza ezichazwe ngasentla, kufuneka kweliso zonyango inyanzelekile, okanye isigulane lisenokuba idle - isiphumo anxiolytic lolawulo ezinganyangekiyo ziza kuncitshiswa yaye imfuneko yokwandisa idosi. Ngaphezu koko, mhlawumbi ukuyilwa ukuxhomekeka iziyobisi. A ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwandisa umngcipheko ukuxhomekeka sinamandla kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, oku kungabangela ekuthiwa-Nhoza syndrome, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukwehla lulonke imeko yomguli kunye, ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuba andzise iimpawu kukuthi, ukususwa apho yolwamkelo lathunyelwa anxiolytics.

Phela, ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga of okudambisa ngakumbi ngendlela ngamandla abantwana nabo bakwishumi elivisayo abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala, ukwenza ukusetyenziswa kwazo kweli qela lobudala kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko ezizodwa apho has a okukhomba kakuhle liqinisekile. Nakuba kunjalo, ubude unyango kufuneka zigcinwe ubuncinane.

Uluhlu iziphumo eziphambili ebuhlungu anxiolytics

Ngelishwa, imiphumo anxiolytic - ayikho kuphela antinevroticheskoe imiphumo ichiza emzimbeni womntu, kodwa ezinye iingxaki ezibangelwa neziphumo zalo.

Ezibonisa ezingundoqo neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okudambisa zezi kukunciphisa izinga osezingqondweni, leyo ichazwa emini, ingqalelo nkene ukulibala.

Kunye nefuthe izihlunu kuthanjiswa (ukuthanjiswa izihlunu skeletal) Kangangokuba, yaye ubuthathaka jikelele okanye ukuncitshiswa sisebenza kumaqela athile kwezihlunu. Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa okudambisa kwaye lukhatshwa ekuthiwa "zinetyhefu yokuziphatha", oko kukuthi, ukuphazamiseka ezolileyo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, wavakalisa kwezinye kuphazamisane inkumbulo, ubuntununtunu kunye zolwimi nezakhono.

Enye indlela ukunciphisa le meko loogqirha ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa tranquillizers emini, eziquka "Gidazepam", "prazepam" yaye "mebicar", "trimetozine", "medazepam" kunye nezinye iindlela ezithe ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga bonakala kangangoko encinane.

Imiqondiso yokuba libanda of okudambisa

Luvakaliswe isiphumo anxiolytic of okudambisa kudla ngokuphumela ukwamkeleka engalawulwanga elahliweyo kwaye kucinga kula machiza. Emva kokuba isiqabu nekhawulezayo imeko ntshikilelo ngokweemvakalelo - nto Intle loo nto!

Kodwa anxiolytics, ingakumbi ezo ezivela kwi benzodiazepines, zikhawuleze ezinyibilikayo okunamafutha, nto leyo ebanceda wendele ngokupheleleyo iphecana zesisu kwaye ngokulungelelana asasazwa ancedisana yomzimba womntu. Oku, aphumela kwi libanda, ukuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Njengomgaqo, libanda kubenza nobuthongo, ubuthathaka, iqinelwa ukuphazamiseka, intetho, kunye nesiyezi. sigaba Ityhefu ngakumbi kakhulu ikhatshwe ukusilela yokuphefumla, utshintsho ikhaliphe imicu, ukuphulukana nelungu osezingqondweni, kwaye maxa wambi isiqaqa. Ngoko ke, nangona kuthenga ezinye tranquillizers (nangona amachiza psychoactive) ngaphandle kokumiselwa kulula ukuba ukukhumbula - la machiza kufuneka kuthathwe kuphela icebiso gqirha ukuya phantsi kolawulo lwakhe!

Yiyiphi eminye imithi ukusebenza anxiolytic?

Hi ndlela leyi, ibe iyeza anti-ixhala wambi kusetyenziswa neendlela non-sine-thile. Umzekelo, i-antihistamine ezifana "Hydroxyzine" kunempembelelo ecacileyo anxiolytic. Oku ngokukodwa ngendlela kwiimeko apho unxunguphalo nokuphazamiseka neemvakalelo ezibangelwa yesigulana esicaphukisayo esikhumbeni.

nootropics ezininzi (umzekelo, "Phenibutum") Kwakhona zibe nesiphumo anti-ixhala. Kwaba ngokwalo indlela ofanele kwaye ngamayeza "Tenaten".

Ezinye tincture womfuno (Leonurus, Immortelle, neenkunzana inameva, Rhodiola rosea, peony kunye lwase-umdiliya) iya kunceda ekuphuculeni isimo, ukhupha imvakalelo yokudakumba okanye ukuluma. A marigold ungasindisi kuphela ntshikilelo engqondweni nangokweemvakalelo, kodwa yintloko okubanga.

zokunciphisa Stress kuya kunceda kwandisa ingcambu ginseng, kwaye kuya kuba luncedo ukuphuthelwa Angelica kunye hawthorn. Zonke ezi infusions eengcambu asele izifundo iintsuku ezili-14, yaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba isiphumo akwenzeki, kufuneka ukuba udibane nogqirha.