Rostov Cathedral of kwingcinga: photo nokubuyiselwa

zesikhumbuzo ezininzi ezimangalisayo ugcinwe kwilizwe lethu. Bonke bangamalungu izimbo ezahlukeneyo kunye amaxesha, kodwa hit zombini wabakhenkethi nabantu balapha. izibonelelo ezininzi ziye kudala salungiswa yaye ikhangeleka mihla ngakumbi, kodwa ukugcina ubuntu babo kwaye abe neempawu ezizodwa. Ukuba ecaleni izinto zokwakha amandulo, abantu kunandipha emoyeni elikhethekileyo nokusoloko ufunda into entsha kwimbali nenkcubeko.

Wawungenakuzisola utyelelo kunye Rostov. Cathedral ye Ingqikelelo, nto leyo iqhele apha, kukuba umdla ethile. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngayo, imbali yawo, yaye kakhulu ngakumbi.

Rostov Cathedral of ngombono. Overview

Ukuze uqalise kukuba ukufunda okungakumbi ngale nto bokwakha. Oku lesikhumbuzo emangalisayo kwenkcubeko, nto leyo iba ubutyebi bembali. Umhla ekwakhiweni kwayo ayaziwa, kodwa kukho ubungqina bokuba ngenkulungwane XII sele likhona. Ngeli xesha kwakukho eninzi utshintsho imbonakalo yakhe, oko yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye yakhiwe kwakhona izihlandlo eziliqela.

Kubhaliwe ibekwe akasekude Cathedral le Rostov yesicelo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ezimbini kwezi zinto benza kwisakhiwo esinye bokwakha, nelinika zitsala umdla. Kungcono ukujonga izinto kwelinye icala, kuphi na Lake uNero. Ngokubanzi, oku ke lomculo bokwakha esembindini esixekweni, ebelisoloko kwatsala inani elikhulu abakhenkethi neendwendwe.

Ukongezelela, ingcamango Cathedral e Rostov-Grand iquka enye into leyo intsimbi-inqaba, ebekwe ngaphandle yecawa. Esi sakhiwo engaqhelekanga kakhulu, nto leyo iba ton lweempawu. On kuya kuxoxwa kamva.

Imbali Cathedral

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthetha ngembali yale lesikhumbuzo wezakhiwo ezimangalisayo. Yena, njengokuba benditshilo, isentliziyweni kweso sixeko. Ngelishwa, iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo kwixesha ukwakhiwa yawo.

ekuqaleni yayenzelwe ngomthi. Ngowe-1160 ibandla yatshatyalaliswa ngomlilo. Noko ke, emva nje konyaka eqala nokubuyiselwa kwalo. Esi sigqibo sithathwe Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii. Ngoko ke isakhiwo waqala ukuyakha indlu ngamatye. Noko ke, kule fomu, akazange ihlale ixesha elide. Ngo-1204 kule ndawo kwakhona, kwabakho umlilo, abatshabalalisa isakhiwo.

Kodwa itempile kwakhona waqala kwakhona. Le nkqubo kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-15. Emva koko, omnye kwavuka umlilo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XV. Yena namandla, ukuba itempile yawohloka ngokupheleleyo, njengoko wayitshisayo nkqu nasemagumbini isonto kunye nentloko yayo. Ngaphandle koku, waphinda kwakhona ilitye elimhlophe, waza waqalisa kwakhona ukuhombisa umfanekiso wakhe umzi Rostov. Ingqikelelo Cathedral kwinguqulelo apho ubona oko namhlanje, yakhiwa ngo-1512. Inkqubo yokwakha wayeneminyaka-4 ubudala.

Kwinkulungwane XVII Kananjalo bekukho utshintsho kwinkangeleko etempileni. Ukuze ke eqhotyoshelweyo evarandeni sitshintshwe kancinane isihloko. Abanye umsebenzi wokubuyisela kwenziwa kwinkulungwane XIX.

Cathedral kwi leSoviet kunye nokubuyiselwa kwayo

Kufuneka uthethe malunga nekamva ibandla. Ngenxa yoko i-revolution, utshintsho emikhulu ngayo isixeko ngokwayo Rostov, kwingcinga Cathedral kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Temple Okokuqala upasisiwe zisetyenziswe ngabahlali. Emva komzuzwana kwagqitywa ukuyivala. Ngaphandle koku, le yecawa wasinda waza yatshatyalaliswa.

Ngowe-1953, esi sixeko inkanyamba enamandla, wasuka wazikrazula ngaphandle kuphahla izakhiwo ezininzi kweso sixeko. Emva koko ubuhlungu kunye Uspenski Cathedral. Rostov ngexesha nokuphola izinto ezinjalo badlale. Inkqubo yokwakha sichaphazele itempile. kophahla yayo iye endaweni ngokupheleleyo esitsha yaye andigqibe eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Iinkokeli Umi ibandla lagqiba ekubeni ushiye ingatshintshanga. Ekuqaleni babefuna ukwenza nesigcina, kodwa kwagqitywa ukutshintsha imilo riki etempileni Wajonga indlela efanayo kunye yesicelo.

Ukongeza yokulungisa emsebenzini, lo gama kwakhona wenziwe kwaye Ukumba kwezi ndawo. Ngenxa yoko, le wamatye lokuqala ibandla yafunyanwa, ezinxulumene, ngokutsho izazinzulu, kwinkulungwane XII. Ekuqaleni-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane XX, ibandla yanikwa kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya.

Iimpawu lwemithombo isonto

Qiniseka ukuba uqaphele imbonakalo etempileni. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, le yecawa kunye nokwakha yayo belfry ibekwe kwi intsimi esecaleni kwesakhiwo umzi - yesicelo. Itempile iye izahluko 5, isakhiwo eyakhiwe ngezitena. Noko ke, ezinye iinxalenye zayo zenziwe amatye - nto Sisiseko kunye nezinye izinto ezimbalwa. Le ndlu yecawa ke ezihonjiswe iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zokuhombisa. ukuphakama kwayo Iyamangalisa - oko kweemitha 60.

Le sesakhiwo le nto, kuba inkoliso, sifunda sokuyilwa zakwaNtu Vladimir kunye Suzdal. Ukwakhiwa etempileni izikroba window emxinwa, ekhangeleka ngathi amakroba. Cathedral sahluko kwi namagubu ukukhanya a babengabafo abade.

Ngenxa yoko, siye sadibana imbonakalo Cathedral kwakunye neenkcukacha kulunga ukuba unjani noko nesimbo bokwakha bobabo.

Yintoni ngaphakathi etempileni?

Kakade ke, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba achaze kwaye ibekwe kumasango isonto, ngokunjalo uhombiso zayo. Kukholelwa ukuba ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI kule ndawo ihonjiswe Imizobo eyahlukeneyo. idatha efana aqulathwe kwezinye yemihla. Noko ke, ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII, apho waqalisa umsebenzi omkhulu-iscale ekudalweni Imizobo ezitsha, nto leyo kamva wazihombisa iindonga zetempile.

Le nkqubo yathatha ixesha elide, baye benza iinkosi ezaziwayo-kakuhle - I. Vladimirov S. Dmitriev. Emva kwexesha elithile umenyiwe, kunye nezinye iingcali. Ngelishwa, le misebenzi azifikanga ixesha lethu. Aqotywa ngomlilo, owenzeka ngo 1671. Emva koko womzobo kuhlaziywa ngamathuba athile.

Kodwa kamva, kwi-imi- 50 lwekhulu XX, ngaba esekelwe yamandulo lilifa XVI-XVII ngenkulungwane zifunyenwe. Ukongeza imizobo, wasinda esinye isifundo enkulu - le iconostasis. Yenziwe kwi zobuciko kunye nemihla ukususela phakathi kwenkulungwane XVIII.

Ukuze ubone ezi zinto kufuneka utyelele Rostov Enkulu, Cathedral of ngombono. Photo itempile kunokubonwa ebomini ezininzi, kunye nezinye izinto zokuhamba.

belfry Cathedral

Enye ingongoma umdla, nto leyo ukuthetha ngokwahlukileyo - a belfry. Lingcwaba lomfo entsonkothileyo incwadi yesicelo kunye Cathedral. Le yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo yonke lomculo. Kungenxa kufutshane ekwakheni itempile. Izakhiwo ezibini ukudibanisa uhlobo enkulu, nangona zahlukile ngokupheleleyo ixesha. Iminyaka yabo ayahluka kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.

Belfry yakhiwe imigangatho ezimbini. Eyokuqala kuzo zikwindawo iindawo ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo zoqoqosho. Umgangatho wesibini - kuba liqonga enkulu apho kukho 4 kweminwe. Ngaphezu ngamnye kubo intloko. Ukuze baye kufika apho, umele anyuke ngezinyuko emxinwa ngaphakathi eludongeni. Of umdla ethile kukuba isakhiwo kukho ezininzi imigodi eziphuhlisa isandi.

History of the belfry

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba uthethe ngendlela apho eli ziko emangalisayo. Yena yinxalenye ebalulekileyo, ebandakanya Cathedral le vekeleke xona. Rostov-Veliky inama ezinika ezininzi, kodwa nenqaba intsimbi - isakhiwo ekhethekileyo, oko kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Ukwakha inqaba intsimbi yaqala ngo 1682. Emva koko izilingo kwindoda-3. Emva kweminyaka 7, wonke umsebenzi wokwakha sele igqityiwe. It wagcinwa ezintsimbi eziyi-13. Kwinkulungwane XIX kwagqitywa sokuxhoma omnye ezintsimbi-2.

Ngenkulungwane XX, lo mba uphantsi kwentsongelo ngenxa yentshabalalo. Noko ke, ngo-1919 umalathisi Rostov lwembali waluthethelela belfry. Isixeko Commissar A. V. Lunacharsky, kunye izazinzulu ezininzi. Emva koko, kwagqitywa ukulondoloza le lesikhumbuzo yenkcubeko ezizodwa.

insimbi belfry

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe iinkalo belfry. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, iye neentsimbi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Bonke bahluka zombini nobunzima kunye nesandi. Ezinye zazo amagama angaqhelekanga. Eyona nto inzima kuzo - "Sysoy", oko: Umlinganiseli malunga 32 neetoni. Ngokuphawulekayo lula bell "polyeleos" (malunga 16 tonnes) kunye "Swan" (iitoni 8). Zincinane kubo Umlinganiseli neekhilogram 24 yaye ubizwa ngokuba "Yasak".

Mhlawumbi ibali indlela ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwingcinga Cathedral e Rostov, inkcazo wayo, kwakunye belfry ibali umdla sikukhuthaza ukuba ubukele le lesikhumbuzo elikhethekileyo bokwakha.

Uphi na lo yecawa?

Mhlawumbi abaninzi sele abanomdla umbuzo, apho kuchazwa into. Nyaka ngamnye, abantu abaninzi beza ukuhlola ezinika Rostov Enkulu. Ingqikelelo Cathedral - kungekho ngaphandle, kuqhelekile ukubona iindwendwe. Ukuze ufumane ukuba ayikho nzima, kuba ise kanye embindini nelembali mzi. Itempile ibekwe kwi Cathedral Square e Rostov. Le belfry ibekwe ecaleni yecawa.