White-tailed deer: inkcazelo, indlela yokuphila, uhlobo yokhuseleko

Virginia (ezinomsila) deer - i uhlobo olunganeno iqhelekileyo North America. Phakathi kwezinye amalungu iintlobo ze amaxhama, le yeyona inkulu. Esi silwanyana umdla kakhulu, exabisa umhlo- ngakumbi.

incazelo

Ebusika, nexhama Virginian enxibe idyasi ukukhanya ongwevu, nto leyo ehlotyeni iba zifuna ukuba ngqombela, mnyama ngasemva. Isihloko iphambili fomu ngenxa emhlophe eqaqambileyo emazantsi nomsila. Ukubona ingozi, ixhama ezimhlophe yigodwit off ukubaleka, ngomsila wakhe. Nakwelokuzalwa wabona litshatshazi racing emhlophe, kakhulu, sukela izithende zabo.

Tshintsha zimpondo ngamadoda kuphela, kwenzeka emva kokuba zikhwelwe. , Iimpondo Beautiful iceba-ezimile ukuba iinkqubo ezininzi - umlinganiselo 6-7.
Ubungakanani ixhama yahlukile - ngokuxhomekeke ohlobo.

Iinkunzi zona zazisitya kude emantla, akhule 1-1.1 m egxalabeni kwaye inobunzima ukuya kwi 150 kg. Iimazi ezincinane kancinci ngokukhanya kancinane. Izilwanyana zihleli kwiindawo emazantsi eli lizwekazi, incinane kakhulu. Kwezinye iziqithi umiwe amaxhama, musa ngaphezu kwe-60 cm kwi ibunile. Ubunzima kg malunga 35 kuphela. Ngoko ukunyuka encinane kubangelwe kwentlala Insular. Ubomi deer North America, umlinganiselo kwiminyaka emalunga ne-10.

yokuhlala

deer White-ezinomsila ufunyanwa kuyo nomsinga bangena ukususela kwimida kumazantsi eKhanada ukuya emantla Brazil kunye Peru. Olu hlobo ithathwa enye yeyona ixhaphakileyo abo bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Imihlambi yezi zilwanyana kunokubonwa New England emahlathini, ivaleke imigxobhozo Everglades, phezu amathafa anengca, ngokusingisele emntwini semi-wefilosofi Arizona kunye Mexico.

Ngo-Brazil, i-ixhama ezimhlophe-ezinomsila ugcwale amahlathi zaselunxwemeni, kumathambeka kumntla Andes ityholwana savanna unxweme. izilwanyana sibekwa, Amahlathi emvula nengathandwanga - kukho namnye konke konke. Nakuba kunjalo, kuzo zonke aseMzantsi Central Melika Belohvostik anqabe kakhulu kwi North.

nezimo High kweentlobo wamenza lundwendwe wamkelekile kwimimandla emininzi. Ngoko ke, phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, ixhama ezimhlophe-ezinomsila eFinland ukuyivula okuqalisa program. Kamva, izilwanyana ezizalayo bahlala ngokwendalo lonke yaseScandinavia. Kwakhona deer zasiwa Czech Republic naseRashiya. Lo lwento obengowabaya basixhenxe, iyathuthwa eNew Zealand sokuphuhlisa kuzingela.

indlela yokuphila

Ngokubanzi, isilwanyana wesuka yokuphila wedwa. Noko ke, ngaphandle ixesha lokukhwela, abantu nesawo Unako ukwenza iqela, kodwa bubuthathaka. Zikhwela iimazi imazi oyindoda kakhulu saa - akudingi ukudaleka yabafazi.
Emva kweentsuku ezingama-200 emva kokuba amathole umitha bazalwa. Kaninzi kwenzeka ngo-1-2 netakane, kodwa maxa wambi kuvela ezintathu. Deer noboya Belokhvostikov, njengezinye iintlobo ezininzi, wambu amabala amhlophe.

ikhonkco lokutya

Yintoni odla ixhama hlobo, andibi kunjalo eme phakathi kwezinye ungulates: amagqabi, namaqhina, imifuno, namaqunube, amaxolo.

Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, abo banqwenela ukuba badle Belokhvostikov inyama ezininzi: cougars, coyotes, iingcuka, jaguar, amabhere. Ukongeza, umntu ukholwa yexhama whitetail ixhoba kakhulu.

usongo

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ngaphambi kokufika abamhlophe e North America, apho kwakuhlala amaxhama ezimhlophe-ezinomsila malunga nezigidi ezingama-40. AmaNdiya ebesoloko kuzingelwa ezi zilwanyana, kodwa umphumo labemi unganikezelwanga. Le kufika abantu baqala ukubulala ixhama, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa imveliso inyama, kodwa ngenxa yolusu ezintle, kodwa kuphela zokuzonwabisa.

ukusetyenziswa okunjalo "oovimba" kwakhokelela yokuba ngo-1900, bashiya malunga 500 lamawaka. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili isithintelo ukuzingelwa yaqaliswa, kunjalo, yaye namhlanje imeko yahlukile kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwekazi. Kwezinye iindawo, inani phantse wambuyisela, ngoxa abanye besithi nganeno ngaseludinini yokutshabalala. Ngokubanzi, kwi-US kukho okwangoku malunga ne-14 lezigidi izilwanyana.

Ezinye iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela, ikakhulu kumiwa lizwekazi, zigqalwa kutshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo kwaye icinyiwe okanye phantse extinct. I-IUCN Red List sakhiwe:

• Reef deer. A umhlali Florida Keys. Ohlobo zincinane amhlophe-tailed. Nokudubula 1945 kwakhokelela ekubeni yokuba iiyunithi 26 kuphela eseleyo. Amanyathelo ngokhuseleko kunye nokuvuselelwa ngokutsha abemi ziye zakhokelela ekubeni yintoni na namhlanje inani liye lanyuka kubantu 300. Kodwa yokufika abakhenkethi kwiziqithi yenza exhaleni abemi ngayo.
• Columbia deer ezimhlophe-tailed. Kuye igama wokuwonga elaa yokuhlala - kufutshane Columbia River (Oregon kunye Washington). Indawo yalo oku zenyathi phantse kutshatyalaliswa ngabantu, ngoko ke inani amaxhama sasiwe ku 300. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Belohvostik Colombian ingozi ubuncinane, inani lazo labafundi ukuya kwi 3,000.

Kwiingingqi ezininzi US zizingela deer kuvumelekile. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lonyaka umzingeli unelungelo ukubulala omnye kuphela ngamnye. Noko ke, ubukhulu labemi lifinyele kunyaka ngamnye, nto leyo Ukwacinga kakhulu iingcali.

deer White-tailed eRashiya

Namhlanje kwilizwe lethu iqulathe amaqela eziliqela amaxhama kwindawo ummandla obiyelweyo ESmolensk, Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh kunye nemimandla yaseTver. Mhlawumbi kukho amaqela kwiRiphabliki Karelia kunye Republic of Udmurtia.

Ukongeza, ixhama, esingeniswe eFinland, ukungena kummandla iLeningrad iminyaka engaphezu-8. Ukususela ngo-2013, wafumana iwonga uhlobo kuzingela.

Le meko yenza ingxaki ndifunda iintlobo ngakumbi ezibaluleke ngakumbi. Le kudweliswe amaxhama ezimhlophe-ezinomsila ziyanda, lo gama ubume fomu ayichazwanga kweli lizwe. Kufuneka ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuba kuyingozi kuba kulapho izilwanyana nezityalo, nokuba lizwe idinga olu hlobo kwezibonelelo wokuzingela.

Kuba ilizwe lethu, yonke efanele ngakumbi imiba enxulumene imboniselo njenge inani yezi zilwanyana kuvela kummandla Russia. Yintoni edla ixhama, apho bakhetha zokuhlala apho izifo uphawu lweentlobo. Konke oku kubalulekile ukwazi, ukuze ubone ukuba kufuneka ukuba ingeniswe isilwanyana.