Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, kukho intandabuzo encinane amathuba mda kwinzululwazi. Medicine lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu, nobuchwepheshe yayo mihla zingakwazi ukulwa nezifo ezininzi kanye ingqalelo esinganyangekiyo. ingqalelo ngakumbi kwicandelo le abohlukeneyo. Amabali ngokulondoloza amalungu kunye nokutshintshwa arhente mali ngamnye ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba kungakho into. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungekudala kakhulu ziya kuqhutywa kunye yotyando yokuqala yehlabathi ngayo entloko. Ngawaphi amathuba empumelelo utyando ezifana nendlela yokuyiphonononga kwicala yokuziphatha kwalo mba?
inja-anebala ezimbini
Amathuba umzimba ukufakelwa ziyabavumela ukuba abanike ubomi obungunaphakade na emzimbeni. Akumangalisi ukuba uphando kweli cala siphantsi indlela yokuba ixesha elide. Kodwa Ukufakelwa intloko ukusebenza nzima kakhulu. Kukholelwa ukuba yehlabathi yokuqala Scientist naye bagqiba ukusuka eMelika, Charles Klod Gatri, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. Njengoko i experimenter Esalingwayo wakhetha inja, wanikela athungwe intloko yakhe yomzimba isilwanyana okunempilo okunesondlo. Ngexesha lo msebenzi, ISAZINZULU unako ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi. Waphawula ukuba intloko abanikelayo leyo owabavungamelayo ngolwimi lwakhe, ngeempumlo kwaye lurekhodwe iintshukumo ze abafundi. Noko ke, ukubiza le amava impumelelo zange yenzeke - isilwanyana-anebala ezimbini, nokufakelwa ngenxa wafa. Phinda ngamava phantse sisiqingatha senkulungwane kamva, Guthrie wagqiba oosonzululwazi ezimbini Russian - AG Konevsky kunye B. Demihov. Eyokuqala kubo abohlukeneyo efanayo kakhulu ngokungakhethiyo, kwaye eyesibini enikelwe ixesha elininzi yomzamo. B. Demihov ezenziwa nabo izinja, ukuyila iimpahla kwegazi kwindlela yakho crosslinking. Xa iyonke, amaphononongo ke omkhiwane 20 iinjongo njana ukuba imizimba izinja abadala, yaye omnye isilwanyana uye waphila phantse inyanga emva abohlukeneyo.
Amava Dr. Robert White
Ngowe-1970 iqela oososayensi e University of Casey (USA) phantsi kobunkokheli uGqirha noRoberta Uayta waqalisa amalungiselelo eksperimenti entsha umdla. Le Isazinzulu yagqiba ekubeni kuqala ehlabathini ukuthunga entloko yahlukana lwesilwanyana omnye komnye ndiyakuthanda. ukufunda kwakhe of Wight ligqibe ekubeni lenze kwi iinkawu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba onke amalinge zangaphambili lokususa umsebenzi intloko lwaqhutywa ngokufaka yintloko kubantu umnikelo kaThixo ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni, nto leyo izilwanyana-headed ezimbini. Surgery usebenzisa indlela entsha lwaqhutywa ngo-1970. Ngenxa olu lingelo isilwanyana Esalingwayo wayephila 1.5 iintsuku, kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngexesha ngokwenziwa utyando lube Akwenzeki ukuxhulumana ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Ngenxa yoku, i inkawu nako ukulawula umzimba, ngelixa intloko yakhe wabonisa ubomi asebenzayo.
sele wenziwe A intloko esinye uphumelele!
Ukuhlola amava yehlabathi XX kwekhulu ukusebenza nge izigqibo transfer intloko kunokuba yedanisayo. Kodwa hayi kudala ke wabonisa ukuba esinye onjalo yabaneziphumo ezihle kunokwenzeka. Le ukufunyanwa ivuso yenziwa ngo-2002. izazinzulu Japanese aye avelisa iteknoloji apho ukwazi lokususa intloko umnikelo ngempumelelo kwi emzimbeni, lisebenzisa i iimpuku kwilebhu zovavanyo. I ezintsha kukusetyenziswa amaqondo obushushu asezantsi (apho kungekho ukufa neuronal) kunye indlela ekhethekileyo kokuxhuma kwizihlunu-luvo. Ngexesha amalinge, esinye intloko lwaqhutywa ngempumelelo umsebenzi epheleleyo lwemoto komzimba. Emva kwexesha elithile, imifuniselo ezifanayo bathwalwa eJamani.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka lokususa intloko zabantu?
Ekubeni zafumana iziphumo emihle amalinge ezibandakanya izilwanyana, izazinzulu ezininzi dream ukuzama umsebenzi ofanayo le ndoda. Famous ugqirha kwelona nqanaba liphezulu Sergio Kanavero umva ngo-2013 yabhengeza ngokusesikweni iinjongo zalo ukuze likwazi esinye enjalo. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa isithembiso sokuba "Guinea" waphendula eninzi yabantu ehlabathini lonke. Ngelo xesha, ukuba ukutshintshwa entloko, njengoko kwanziwe izicwangciso namhlanje, uya kubanjwa ngo-2017, umguli yokuqala uGqr Kanavero abe Russian sisifo yemfuza ezinqabileyo. Ugqirha uthi amathuba empumelelo inkulu ngokwaneleyo, kungenjalo ange engabuyanga uzithatha ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo.
Valery Spiridonov - ivolontiya Russian
Ukufakelwa yokuqala intloko kufuneka wenziwe sele ngo-2017 Ndingumhlali wase Russia. Valery Spiridonov ngokoqobo waphupha esinye ubomi loo omdala yakhe yonke. Namhlanje, umntu ovumayo ukuba ahlukane intloko ngengqiqo emitsha yelizwi, iminyaka engama-30, kwaye sele iyenza ihluke. Xa unyaka 1 ubudala Valeria, oogqirha kwafunyaniswa ukuba kuye: Werding-Hoffman syndrome - sisifo ezinqabileyo kakhulu apho izigulane badla musa asinde ngisho-20 iminyaka. Kodwa lo mntu nje kuphela basinda, kodwa wathweswa basenzela iimbeko evela esikolweni, ngoko eyunivesithi, yaye ngoku lisebenza ngempumelelo njengoko wenkqubo. Ingxaki iba kuphela kukuba ubomi bakhe abadala Valery kwisitulo sezigulana esinamavili ngokuncipha minyaka yonke, namhlanje zinokuzisa ngaphandle ikomityi yeti okanye mouse ikhompyutha. Abohlukeneyo kunye kungenzeka ukuba aqale ubomi umzimba omtsha - oku ithuba ukuphucula nje kuphela umgangatho wobomi yomguli, kodwa ukusindisa ubomi bakhe lokoqobo yeli gama. Valery ukulungiselela songenelelo ezizayo, ufunda indlela ukutshintsha entloko, aze achaze rhoqo ezinye izihloko kunye Dr. Sergio Kanavero.
Amathuba nokufakelwa zomzimba / intloko
uluntu Academic hlabathi nethemba. Xa sijonga imbali, ngoko xa abohlukeneyo amalungu lwangaphakathi ingqalelo inkqubo phantse ibingakholeleki. Kodwa njengokuba inkqubela lihamba, ubugcisa bale mihla kuvumela ukwenza imisebenzi efanayo ehlabathini lonke namhlanje, kunye njalo umona. Kunokwenzeka ukuba kwixa elizayo esinye intloko uya kuba "obuqhelekileyo" senzeko. Xa inkosi amayeza olu khetho khetho unyango esinye kuya kubakho iintlobo ezininzi izifo. Yokumilisela intloko, ungagcina nje kuphela umntu kwezifo yemfuza, kodwa izigulane ezinomhlaza. Isicwangciso ukusebenzisa umzimba yomguli zalathisi elungileyo komzimba njengoko izinto zomzimba kabani ingqondo ufile. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba yotyando intloko kubalulekile ebomini obungunaphakade kunye ukungafi.
cost of operation
Umbuzo siphathelele abaninzi: Yimalini Head Loqhaqho? Ekubeni umsebenzi wokuqala icetyelwe kuphela kufutshane elizayo, akanakuba ixabiso ngqo kule nkonzo de ebizwa. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi lokuqala iingcali, ixabiso ukufakelwa lingaphantsi kancinane $ 13 million. Kakade ke, kukho inani elifanayo kwi naselunyamezelweni ngoncedo apho. Namhlanje, ukuphakamisa imali efunekayo yena kunceda ugqirha ngokwakhe Kanavero. Wapapasha incwadi sungula ku uphando zakhe, inxaxheba kule projekthi kunye nabatyali zimali. Kulindeleke ukuba umsebenzi uya kuhlala malunga 36 iiyure.
imiba nokuziphatha neengxaki kunokwenzeka
yonke ingcamango abohlukeneyo entloko awuyithandi i abameli amahlelo ezininzi zonqulo yaye abemi nje yokuziphatha kakhulu. Olu tyando injalo waphula yonke imithetho iphela kwaye nemvelo kakhulu - ngokutsho kwabachasi yayo. Noko ke, phakathi abemi abaqhelekileyo kwaye uninzi abo amathemba ephakamileyo kuphuhliso ngempumelelo kwale ndlela zonyango. Makhe bakholelwa ukuba akukho iimeko aphazamisane ukufakelwa, yaye kungekudala lonke ihlabathi liya kwazi njani na utshintsho yomntu intloko.