Uhlobo Vidovremennyh yesenzi kulwimi IsiNgesi. Iifom Uluhlu yezenzi IsiNgesi

Isenzi kuyahlukana nedlela nokuba isetyenziselwa nangaliphi na ixesha. Zikweliphi IsiNgesi njengoko Russian, zahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu eziphambili - elidlulileyo, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo. Kananjalo eyakhiweyo efana elizayo kwixesha elidlulileyo, asetyenziswayo ukugqithisa isenzo kwenzeka phakathi indawo elidlulileyo ethile leyinene, okanye ukuchaza utyekelo kwixesha elidlulileyo, ekujongwe ukuba enze kwixesha elizayo - ngaphandle, kwathi kuse kwixesha real okanye hayi.

Kwakhona, le zikweliphi IsiNgesi isoloko eliguqulelwa ngokuthi ulwazi yethuba okanye ibinzana komphefumlo lokuthile - / ndinga ... /. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka kwenzeke isenzo esinjalo ngexesha elifanayo / kufuneka kwenzeke / kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe indawo, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile ayizange yenzeke / akuyi kwenzeka / akuyi kwenzeka.

ixesha

Ezenzi kwezenzi ngolwimi IsiNgesi enziwa kumaqela amane - Nanini, oluqhubekayo, Perfect ne Ogqibeleleyo Continuous, ngamnye kuzo yakhiwe elidlulileyo, ixesha langoku, elizayo nekamva ngaphambili. Got izakhiwo 16 okwethutyana kunokwenzeka, nganye eneyazo elivela (kwaye kwabanye, yaye akukho namnye). Ukuze ubonise iintlobo vidovremennyh yesenzi IsiNgesi, sicinga ngokufutshane ukusetyenziswa kwezi zakhiwo.

izixando zezenzi

Ukuba intshukumo olwenziwa kwisifundo, isenzi kuwo isixando olutshintsha-tshintsha ngayo ixesha. In wesixando izenzo lwenziwa kwi into, kwaye ke ngoko imigaqo ukuyilwa isivisa ezahlukeneyo. Amacebo zilandelayo ezisixelela vidovremennyh indlela ekwenzeka ngayo uhlobo yesenzi ngolwimi IsiNgesi ilizwi esebenzayo. Xa ubukele izibambiso efanayo isivisa kuyilwa / ukuba / kwifomu efanelekileyo kunye ebelidlula elidlulileyo.

Izenzi elidlulileyo (ezidlulileyo)

Past Nanini (ngaphambili njengesiqhelo) isetyenziselwa ukuvakalisa inyathelo njengesiqhelo, ngaphandle kokucacisa ubude bayo okanye ukuphelela. Icebo nokubunjwa wayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: nethi echanekileyo isenzi isiphelo / ile / okanye II vidovremennyh uhlobo yesenzi kulwimi IsiNgesi, eyakhiwe kakuhle.

Elidlulileyo oluqhubekayo (continuous elidlulileyo) isetyenziselwa ukubhekisela into eyaqhubeka ngaphambili. Isenzi kweli xesha inxalenye guards wabumba / ukuba / a Indef edlulileyo. langoku ixesha ebelidlula (Partic. I).

Elidlulileyo (elidlulileyo igqityiwe, Past Perf.) Ibonisa ukuba isenzo lwenzeka xa zigqityiwe ngaphambili. Scheme yesenzi Kubonakala ngathi / baye (Past Indef.) / Ukudityaniswa ebelidlula elidlulileyo (Partic. II).

Elidlulileyo Rhoqo (elidlulileyo luhleli igqityiwe, Past Perf. Qhbeka.) Isetyenziswa ukuchaza isenzo kwaqhubeka ngaphambili, waza ke yagqitywa. Kunokuba nayiphi ugxininiso luncedo kwinto yokuba isenzo izaliswa ngootitshala ngexesha elithile okanye ngexesha lokwenzeka kwetyala, okanye into yokuba esi senzo ayisa eyenzekayo. Esi senzi yenziwe enkonzo / yi / ngohlobo Past Abaphumelele. kunye ebelidlula langoku (Partic. I).

Izenzi langoku (ubukho.)

Present Nanini (ngoku wesiNtu, ubukho. Indef.) Ibonisa ukuba isenzo lwenzeka ngaphandle Ngokubhekiselele ubude bayo okanye ukuphelela (okanye ithuba yezinto kokugqitywa). Oko kukuthi, ukuba isenzo ayinayo naziphi na iimpawu. Ngokufuthi eli xesha kuboniswe ngezenzo rhoqo okanye iipateni ngokubanzi. Ukuqhuba imfundo kukuba nethi / ukuba / azichanekanga endaweni. uhlobo Vidovremennyh yesenzi ngolwimi IsiNgesi kwi umntu 3 isinye. h. ekupheleni intw / -s / upelo /.

Le Present Rhoqo (ngoku elide, ubukho. Qhbeka.) Ukunikezela ubude amanyathelo, nto leyo eye engezanga kuphela, ezizezi, iqwalasela ngokwayo inkqubo ozinikeleyo. Kwimeko ukusetyenziswa kwale yoyilo zingaqondwa kungabonwa ukuthatha rhoqo izenzo indawo musa ukuba kwenzeka ngalo mzuzu. Olu hlobo iquka isenzi / ukuba ibe (ubukho. Indef.) / And ebelidlula I.

Present Perfect (igqityiwe ngoku, ubukho. Perf.) Uqwalasela intshukumo igqityiwe, isiphumo yokuba ixesha langoku. Ayisafani ngengqiqo yamava eziye kodwa waqonda / abawazi ngokupheleleyo abo uthi xa iziganeko ezidlulileyo. Ukuze le fomu lesenzi lwenkonzo / kufuneka / imfuneko ukubeka ubukho. Indef. kunye Partic. II.

Inkcaza Perfect Rhoqo (ubukho. Elide zigqityiwe, ubukho. Perf. Qhbeka.) Uqwalasela intshukumo ebonisa ngqo kwi yintoni umsebenzi wathabatha imvelaphi yayo kwezinye ngongoma kwangaphambili kwaye sihlala kude kube ngoku, okanye enye into yokuba umsebenzi lowo wenziwe namhlanje yaye iza kuqhuba de kufike abathile ingongoma ethile. I cebo ngokwenza oku ikhangeleka ngathi ngesenzi / ibe (ubukho. Perf.) / Neyongezelelwe umthendeleko kwixesha langoku (Partic. I).

ixesha elizayo izenzi (F.)

Future Nanini (elizayo eqhelekileyo, F. Indef.) Achaze akukho manyathelo mpawu, iinjongo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba enze. isenzi olunjalo lufumaneka ngokudibanisa ku / ngeke / nethi ngaphandle / ku /.

Continuous Future (elizayo luhleli, F. Qhbeka.) Ngaba kufuneka ukuba ukugqiba inyathelo libe predpolgagaemogo elide benza kwixesha elizayo. senzi Dunn amiliswe kwi scheme sluduet: (. F. Indef) inxalenye wangasese / yi / ibekwa phambi Partic. I.

Future Perfect (elizayo igqityiwe, F. Perf.) Kubonisa ukuba isenzo lokuzuza yokugqitywa ubhalo kwexesha elithile ezayo. Le isenzi wenziwa / baya / ebelidlula, kwaye ubhale kwixesha elidlulileyo (Partic. II).

Elizayo Perfect Rhoqo (elizayo luhleli igqityiwe, F. Perf. Qhbeka.) Isetyenziswa ukuchaza inyathelo, nto leyo Kuthathwa kwi ecaleni ngexesha lokugqibela ukuya kwindawo ethile, okanye, icala, umzuzu ethile. Loo isakhiwo udla izenzo echazwe ezenziwe nayiphi na intsingiselo eziphathekayo, kunye ebonisa ngqo okanye engangqalanga isizathu. Scheme for ukubunjwa nesenzi enjalo yinxalenye phezulu of / yi / ezimile F. Abaphumelele. ukungeza ebelidlula I.

Izenzi ze elizayo kwixesha eladlulayo (FITP)

Ikamva In The elidlulileyo elingenammiselo (elizayo kwixesha elidlulileyo ngokuqhelekileyo, FITP Indef.) Kuthethwa ukuba kumele kubekho amanyathelo, ngaphandle kokugqitywa okanye ixesha izibaluli. Ezi zenzi akhiwa amagama / kumele / ingabe / (kuxhomekeka kumntu) kunye nethi ngaphandle / ku /.

Ikamva In The eladlulayo (Ikamva ngaphambili ekuqhubekeni, FITP Qhbeka.) Uthetha malunga nezenzo eyayiza kufuneka nezokugqibela, kungekho iimpawu ukuphelela kwalo. Ukuze ufumane ifomu elinikiweyo yesenzi wokuqulunqa yesekethe Kubonakala ngathi / yi / ezimile FITP Indef. kunye ebelidlula langoku (Partic. I).

Ikamva In The elidlulileyo (Ikamva ngaphambili zigqityiwe, FITP Perf.) Uchaza iintshukumo ukuba sele zigqityiwe. Ukwenza le isenzi / kufuneka / ndithanda / wongeze ixesha ebelidlula II (kunye. INTSHAYELELO. Time).

Ikamva In The elidlulileyo Continuous (Ikamva yokugqibela obuhlala zigqityiwe, FITP Perf. Qhbeka.) Ubonisa ukuba ezinye ntshukumo kufuneka ukuthatha phezu. Ifom yesenzi luqokelelane ngokubeka inkonzo / yi / kwi FITP Abaphumelele. phambi Partic. I.

izenzi rhoqo

Ifomu echanekileyo kwezenzi IsiNgesi Kwadlula ixesha ngokongeza ukuvalwa / ile /. Le ento (ezilula) idityaniswe kwisenzi ophela / isa / ukuba ayinike umlinganiswa isenzo ukuqhubeka okanye generalizing ithoni ukuba ugqithe isenzo esisodwa njengazo zonke kuye. Iifom Uluhlu yezenzi IsiNgesi kuboniswe ngezantsi.

izenzi ezitenxileyo

Kukwakho iqela elithile ngaphandle ukuba ezingawulandeliyo kwesi skim, kufuneka enqondweni. Ayizizo zonke uhlobo vidovremennyh yesenzi kulwimi IsiNgesi amiliswe sokufaka ukupheliswa / ile /. Kukho izenzi ukuba kwi ixesha ebelidlula elidlulileyo II ngohlobo sokutshintshwa isiseko okanye ekupheleni. Kukho izenzi ukuba ngokupheleleyo 'bazalwe "kwaye kangangokuba bonke abantu abathathu kuhlala ingatshintshanga.

Uluhlu yezenzi IsiNgesi abhalwe ngokuchanekileyo, loo nto ibandakanya lamaqhosha 100. Ngamnye kubo ngaloo iintlobo ezintathu ifunyenwe izenzi 300. Kwelinye icala, akulula ukuba ukukhumbula amagama amaninzi kangaka. Ngaphezu koko, kuyimfuneko oko kuya kubenza engqondweni - ngokuba ixesha apho amazwi efunekayo ye (ixesha ebelidlula II) iintlobo yesibini (elidlulileyo elingenammiselo) neyesithathu, sisebenzisa yonke, kwaye oko kuyimfuneko ukuze kube nokugqitywa apho iimeko apho fomu ukusebenzisa, angokulungileyo nokungalunganga, kwaye ukuba kuphosakele, ngoko yintoni. Kwelinye icala, izenzi ezitenxileyo eqhelekileyo kakhulu, ngoko adla ngokusetyenziswa kwintetho (njengokuba ixabiso ekhethekileyo, kunye namabinzana ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo), ukuba inkoliso yabo ke ukwazi, uqale ukufunda IsiNgesi.

Kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba ezinye zazo ziintsiza-senzi ngokwemfundo kwanancedisayo, sinokuthi izenzi ezitenxileyo ntoni ngabona intetho. Indawo yokuqala yolwaphulo kuthatha isenzi / ukuba /, (/ yi /, / yena, baba /, / kade /), nto leyo senze ixabiso laso, njengoko kwisenzi modal, yaye inxalenye abangabancedani zentetho. Amaninzi livele ukumila kwayo - / ukuba /, / umntu /, / sele /, / kusasa, kukuthi, kukho /, / kwaba, baba /, / ukuthanda / kwaye / kufuneka, ngaba /, kodwa isenzi / ukuba abe / uye 52 ifomu elithi, kuquka iyasebenza ngqo, ngoluvo kunye kuphika.