Khotyn Fortress: inkcazelo, imbali, amavo

Kwincwadi yembali yedolophu yamandulo Ukrainian Hawtin abhalwe amadabi amaninzi kunye amadabi bungwanyalala, uloyiso olukhulu udumileyo qhankqalazo. Khotyn inqaba bekusoloko iqhekeza enencasa ezahlukeneyo zabahlaseli. Indawo kakuhle wejografi ekwahlukaneni kweendlela ibalulekileyo ilandelayo abarhwebi kwenza lixhoba ekunqwenelekayo. Khotyn inqaba wayefuna ukoyisa umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Turkish, Polish kunye nabalawuli Moldavian. Ngelo xesha lithile isakhiwo inamandla kulo lonke eMpuma Yurophu. Namhlanje inqaba kwidolophu Hawtin zibonakaliswa omnye the Seven Wonders of Ukraine. Kukho kuwufunale utyelelo abo bamthandayo adventure, zezinto zakudala kunye iintsomi yamandulo.

Amavo malunga nemvelaphi

Imvelaphi elithi "Hawtin" kukho ezininzi iinketho ezahlukeneyo. Amanye amabali athi ukuba wonk 'ubani oza apha, wayefuna ukuhlala kwaye ube uhlala kweli enqabeni hlawuleka.

Khotyn inqaba, leyo ifoto ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, yinto umdla ngokwenene. Noko ke, kukho enye lamandulo. Isixelela ibali inkwenkwe nentombazana, owayephila kumaxesha amandulo kula mazwe. Babefuna ukutshata. Igama umtshakazi lowo Tin kunye nomyeni - Ho. Kodwa abazali ntwazana ibivela le ubuhlobo. Lovers wakha inqanawa, banduluka, phantsi Dniester entrained phezu kwabo kummandla ezingaziwayo. Apho iya kunamathela elunxwemeni, apho aphile ngayo.

Canoe wafika kanye le ndawo apho ngoku kumi kwisixeko samandulo kunye enqabeni yawo yinzwakazi. Steel and Ho Ting abahlala apha. Bebonke, bona sahlutha, kunye nohlobo lwawo eyithanda ubuhle bayo.

Kwakukho abo ngothando abantwana. Bona wakhula waza watshata, okanye utshatile. It wakhulela apha Izixeko imbeko umseki wayo Ho Ching. Nangona kunjalo, oku ilivo kuphela. Ngomhla ngemvelaphi inqaba kukho kwenkcazelo yembali.

Imvelaphi ye Khotin

History of Khotyn nqaba eyahlukeneyo kuxhotyiswa kunye nomoya ubuqhawe. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, amatyotyombe yokuqala kummandla, apho ngoku kukho inqaba, kwabonakala kwinkulungwane 8-9. Yintoni Khotyn iyi- ndawo enhle ngokwenene yokuhlala, sinako ukubona ngokukhangela kwi ifoto ngezantsi.

Le yindawo enkulu kwiinkalo zonke. Nokufikelela lula emanzini kuliwa ekudibaneni emlanjeni Dniester. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela kule ndawo enye iindlela zorhwebo ibalulekileyo kubantu abaninzi kulandela. Ukuze kuwukhusela lo zibuko, kwaye yakhiwe enqabeni yomkhosi. Yaye yasekwa ngenkulungwane ye-12 yaye ngelo xesha lwakhiwe kweenkuni.

Ngowe-1199 Hawtin usiwe Compostela-Volyn ukubusa. Phantse ngexesha elifanayo (ngo-1219) uqale behlasela aweza olingana Mongol-nangezinto. Kulo meko, namagorha Prince Daniel Galitsky wagqiba ukomeleza nzulu enqabeni yawo. izakhiwo zomthi kwafakwa ngamatye.

Ezifana ngokutsha Mazi kunye Khotyn Fortress. Around udonga lwayo eliphezulu imitha-esixhenxe, wemba umsele nzulu kwakhiwa. Le nqaba sakhiwa kwi ngamahlanu lwe ngenkulungwane ye-13. Ngobukhulu ngayo ingaphantsi kancinane kwizakhiwo mihla, kodwa indima yakhe Uyalwa eyenziwa ngokugqibeleleyo. Apha ke wakha ibandla lokuqala oku iinqaba iyingangamsha.

Imbali yale nqaba

Khotyn inqaba, iifoto apho zibekwe ngokutsha, ngoku igcina iseti ikhethe iinkulungwane eziye kudlule kweendonga zayo ngamatye.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini ngenkulungwane ye-14, eli lizwe Khotina babekwa phantsi kolawulo ubulawuli Moldavian. Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane enye, waqala apho kuvela khona yokuhlala Moldovans, yaye ngenkulungwane ye-15 - kunye Armenia. Ngo-1408 i-Moldovan Voevoda uAleksandr Good wagqiba ukuba endleleni Khotyn eyi-2 penny "ngamahashe."

Ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni yokuqala inqaba waqala 30 kwinkulungwane ye-15 yi neenkosi Polish wobukhosi. Kwiminyaka 1450-1455 kwakukho ikampu Polish. Ukuze ukuba uthembele kuye Ottoman Turks iRhuluneli Stefan Iii Veliky watshintsha ngokupheleleyo inkangeleko ubeko inqaba e Khotyn.

Le ndawo sele yandisiwe, waphakamisa inqanaba kwentendelezo, wakha kubude inyango ezimalunga nama-40 m. Iindonga ashinyeneyo (5 m) kwahlelwa slits. Legend yokuba ngexesha ukwakhiwa ezi ndonga bayaphila ngemiqadi intombazana eselula - njengedini koothixo. Ngoko ke abantu balapha uchaze kukuvela amabala emanzi ezindongeni. Enyanisweni, lo wokugqibela ngokwenene wabonakala phezu isiza okwabangela omdala backfilled.

Kwintendelezo ngaxeshanye, ezimbini isigodlo izisele anzongonzongo kwakhiwa. Bakha emasangweni. Kunjalo empumalanga ye ecaweni bhotwe yasekwa. Olu hlobo lokwakha ayikhange zatshintsha ukutyhubela iinkulungwane 6.

plan inqaba

Khotyn inqaba, ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo isicwangciso ngokwenene yecwangciswe kakuhle iziko ukuzithethelela. Kukho iqela iinqaba ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka Gate, South West, kwingqwayi, North, East Tower. Kwi kummandla ngoku ibekwe njengenkosana (kwingqwayi) Palace. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 enqabeni zakhiwa apha.

Kumaxesha amandulo kwakhiwa apho icawa wemba nzulu kakuhle. Enye iimfihlelo iindonga nqaba yeyona ndawo emnyama zimanzi engayi yome ubushushu, ungabandi.

Ngaphakathi nqaba ifikeleleka ngendlea kwo ngokuxhonywa. Kumaxesha amandulo, wavuka waza wawa. Kwicala reverse kwesango kwaye kukho kwebhulorho. Yena waba imfihlelo enye ebalulekileyo. Ukuba iintshaba kunjalo waqhekeza, bayangena esangweni, baba kwiqonga elenziwe ngamaplanga. Action Indlela efihlakeleyo asimise kwisenzeko, iintshaba zawa nje phantsi. Kwakukho wemba umngxuma apho unamathele izikhonkwane ezibukhali. Ngoku indlela embi kangangokuba kwafuneka Khotyn inqaba, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, ayifumaneki, kodwa ukubona ubunzulu utshaba ekuweni ngayo namhlanje.

Engena intendelezo, ngasekunene uya kuqaphela kwakukho isakhiwo eside. Oko kwaku enqabeni yomkhosi. Emfa kwayo akukho ibandla. Enye yi Prince Ibhotwe. Ezi zakhiwo zimbini apha ukususela kwixesha Stefana Velikogo. Kufuphi ibhotwe engxondorheni ngaxeshanye iye ngenaniwakrukrile kakuhle. Ngoku embindini lentendelezo.

kuhle

Ngokutsho nkcazelo, kakuhle, ibekwe kwi ummandla Khotyn inqaba, kukho ubunzulu kweemitha 68. ububanzi bayo 2.5 m. yagubha oko engxondorheni, kwaye amanzi, avuke ezinzulwini yayo efanelekileyo ukuselwa. Ayiyo yonke inkcazelo ingafunyanwa kwi kakuhle Khotyn enqabeni.

Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, le nto aliyeki bebamb 'abantu ngamandla alo. Ekubeni lubandakanya elininzi amavo, qamba ezingqondweni Khotyn nqaba ngokwayo. Legend yokuba ngexesha wokuthinjwa yokuqala Turks esi sakhiwo kungenakugqithwa, amagqirha babehlala apha. Yena wazala intombi - amahle Katherine. Kulo pasha Turkish, owayehlala enqabeni, unyana ekuphela wagula. Kwaye kungekho namnye unako ukumphilisa. Siyithobela umsebenzi wakhe, ugqirha abuyiselwe ebomini unyana wokumkani. Kodwa yonke imihla, unyana Pasha njengoko waba endlwini, usiyazi lowo, wawa e Katherine. Kwaye ngoko yena otshonileyo umphefumlo, ukuba umthetheli akazange nabuganga ukuthatha intombazana ngamandla emtshatweni wayefuna yayingena kuye.

Emva kokuva ukuba Turkish Pasha banyanzelisa intombazana ukuba atshate unyana wakhe, okanye noyise ezisemngciphekweni kunye nokufa. Emva konyaka, uCatherine wazala unyana. Kwakufuneka iinwele zigwangqa namehlo aluhlaza. Pasha wayengakwazi ukufumana kwanele nomzukulwana wakhe wamwisela ezalwa segolide.

Witch Doctor na lonke eli xesha akakwazanga ukufumana indawo intlungu, bonke wayefuna ukuba amhlangule, intombi kuphela basemfudusweni lihlazo. Ngenye imini wafumana indlela. Emva ngokuqokelela ezithile imifuno ukwenziwa uzozenza. Wakwazi lugqithe ebhotwe.

Maphilisi bekufanele ukuba Catherine kunye nonyana wakhe emanzini. Ngoko ke baba nako ukuphuma kubo ebhotwe. Katherine basela maphilisi kwaye wankcenkceshela umntwana wabo. Emva koko yaphosa ezalwa legolide equleni. Ngoko ke baba nako ukungena yabo amaqamza amancinci iindonga inqaba. Bona babelindele ukuba uyise-, usiyazi lowo. Kodwa yena ayikwazanga yokususa baziimbacu, njengoko ezalwa ndisangqengqile mabophe oluqinile.

Abanye abemi balapho bathi le ndawo olumanzi eludongeni - eli quatrain, nto ulindele ukuba aphelise nyana endala. Oku kuya kwenzeka kuphela xa umntu uza kufumana i ezalwa segolide ukusuka ezantsi equleni. Bathi ubusuku moonlit ungabona indlela ibengezelayo emanzini. Kodwa akukho namnye wanikwa de izandla.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Ummandla apho Khotyn Fortress, ezahlukeneyo onamatye. Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso umsebenzi omkhulu wenziwe abakhi yamandulo ukwakha izakhiwo ezinjalo.

Sakhiwe nabalimi zawo kwiilali ezikufuphi. Ukuze ufumane encotsheni, apho kwakukho Khotyn inqaba, kwafuneka ukuba tsala ngokwam phezulu ilitye, amanzi kunye lime. Ngaloo mihla wawiswa kwi ukuqokelelwa nerhafu ngohlobo amaqanda kunye nobisi. Ezi mveliso ezidityaniswe isicombululo ukunika zokwakha amandla. Ngenxa lo mqondiso isisombululo iindonga inqaba wema kwada namhlanje ngaphandle umonakalo ebalulekileyo. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi ngexesha inqaba Turkish yokulawulwa nabanyisayo kwanyanzeleka ukuba bawuzise ubisi lwebele, nto leyo nayo yongezwe umxube kwakhona kweendonga mazitshatyalaliswe emva zokungqinga.

Khotyn inqaba, ulwazi malunga efumanekayo kubakhenkethi kunye nabatyeleli, linayo inkqubo imigudu komhlaba. Bathi ukuqhagamshelanisa zonke izakhiwo emboniselweni. Abahlali komhlaba igcinwe amalungiselelo, Bathenga izixhobo. Apha ke ibekwe kunye entolongweni. Abavukeli abalayo zemihla-ngemihla ukutsala ukuya entabeni uyicinezele ngamatye afakwe entolongweni. Ngo-1491 kwakukho nkqu uvukelo yamahlwempu leyo ekhokelele Andrew Borulya. Bethe ngokukhawuleza abathintela, yaye ukuba yaqalwa engundoqo kunye nabahlobo bakhe ixesha elide behlupheka kwizisele yaseYiputa. Andreyu Borule anqunyulwe intloko yembutho engundoqo. noogxa bakhe lehla ukusuka North Tower. Yaba isakhiwo ezinde kule ndawo.

Noko ke, Ngokuqhelekileyo, Abakhonkxiweyo kwizisele, ziyawa ukuya eMpuma Tower. Ngoko ke, oko kuthiwa Yingozi Tower. madoda wawa nasemaweni ngezantsi Dniester. LITHILE uphawu embi ukuba igazi loxolo apho ke kuloo nqaba. Oku kuqikelela a idabi wamagazi.

Prince Ibhotwe

Prince Ibhotwe nalo kwakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-15. Kamva wanikwa igama ebhotweni kwingqwayi kaThixo. Le yenye yezona zakhiwo ezintle, nto leyo eye endaweni yayo Khotyn inqaba. Inkcazelo kunokuba ixesha elininzi. Kodwa iinkcukacha inomdla kakhulu kwi olungaphambili - oko ipateni entle lwezitena ezibomvu kunye nelitye elimhlophe. Phambi kokuba bhotwe iholo ihlobo ngeplanga umgidi.

Ngethuba lokufakwa Turkish yaseYiputa kumgangatho wesibini e-yabafazi ebhotwe waba Pasha. Oku ngelo xesha kwakukho malunga nama-30 amabhinqa nabafazi yomlawuli. Ngokutsho legend, kwakukho Potocki kunye nodade Sophia, edume ngobuhle bayo. Bathi, udade nokuba idibene izihlandlo eziliqela

Pasha wayemthanda abafazi babo ubumnandi abo ngandlela zonke. Kubo, phantsi imiyalelo yakhe zakhiwa kufuphi iindonga zesixeko, neebhate, aze kwidama lokuqubha.

inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi

Emva kwenkulungwane ye-15, abemi nqaba inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi kunye lwemijelo phantsi. Yinto kakhulu engaqhelekanga elo xesha. Amanzi anikezwa evela emlanjeni ngqo.

Ezimqoka legunya kuphela iindwalutho, kodwa abemi abaqhelekileyo. Khotyn inqaba waba zangasese, nto leyo belisondliwa ukuya phezulu gaba emanzini, yaye abantu abaqhelekileyo umxholo kunye nenkqubo yogutyulo ehamba phantsi iindonga inqaba.

I-White Tower of the Tower Palace waba inkqubo efanayo yokumpompoza amdaka. Lo mgaqo eyamkelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo imisele yamanzi amdaka ngelo xesha. Osenyangweni phezu kodonga akakwazi ukubona nantoni na, ngenxa yokuba kususwe yenziwa. Imvula nekhephu zihlanjiwe yonke into.

Kuba VIPs nkqu ngamaqula owawusebenza. Intuthuzelo evela ekusetyenzisweni kwamanzi aphilileyo, nangona ukuba iyadi ngenkulungwane ye-15, kunzima ukuba zazi. Nqaba Khotyn oku kuthelekiswa kakuhle kunye ezinde ezininzi zaseYurophu.

izenzakalo

iziganeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo yenzeka phantsi iindonga inqaba. Ngowe-1621 kwabakho imfazwe phakathi umkhosi Ukrainian-Polish kunye baseTurkey. Ngoko yemiswa nokuphakanyiswa Ottoman entshonalanga. Le mfazwe ebalulekileyo ngokwembali usindiswe eYurophu kulawulo yi baseTurkey. Wayebukele Khotyn inqaba. Indlela ukufikelela kule ndawo ibalulekileyo, iya kuqwalaselwa kamva.

Ngenxa inkalipho wit, Cossacks ekhokelwa Hetman Peter Sagaidachnogo iphumelele eli dabi.

Ngo-1673 kwakukho kwemfazwe khotyn. Hetman Jan Sobieski woyisa umkhosi baseTurkey. A lot of iziganeko ezibalulekileyo ngokwembali ndaqonda kula mazwe.

Ngenkulungwane ye-18, amaxesha Russian uBukhosi 4 wathabatha Hawtin. Lomonosov wabhala "ode phezu Ukuthatha ka Khotin" azinikele kwenye yezi amadabi.

Njani le nqaba

Ukuya Khotyn Fortress, kufuneka Uvela eKiev e Kamenetz-Podolsk kuloliwe. Ukususela inombolo ibhasi 1 Odessa abe ibhasi. Ukuba uceba ukuhamba ngemoto, ngoko ukuya khona umhambi ngendlela i-M20. Ukusuka Kamenetz-Podolsk kufuneka uye ngasezantsi. Kuye kwathi km 27 kuphela. Makuthathelwe kufuneka anikwe ixesha apho Khotyn enqabeni bavunyelwe ukuba bafumane iindwendwe. Kungenjalo, ngemoto iikhilomitha ezininzi ukujonga yokuhlala, zohambo kufuneka kwandiswa.

Ukusebenza iiyure Khotyn inqaba iqala 9:00 kusasa ize iphele ngo-6 emva kwemini. Ukufikelela iindleko malunga 30 engange. Kwaye ukuba ufuna ukuthatha imifanekiso okanye ukudubula ubuhle izakhiwo yamandulo kwi vidiyo, kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule 20-30 engange.

Nqaba Khotyn, yashiya ulwandle yokuvela angenakulibaleka. ubuhle magic bendalo, kudityaniswe iimfihlelo kunye neentsomi ukuba ugcine iindonga zezakhiwo - konke oku Qiniseka ukuba injezu naluphi na undwendwe.