Ukungcwaliswa kwamandla karhara kwiYiputa yamandulo

Ubuxoki bukaFaro eYiputa yaseYiputa ludlala indima ekhethekileyo ekukholeni koluntu. Lo mcimbi wawuxhaswa yimfundiso yababingeleli. Ngokutsho kwakhe, uFaro wayebhekwa njengelungu lobuthixo okanye umntu onguThixo.

Ngamanye amazwi, umlawuli waseYiputa waseYiputa wayenomgangatho obini. Wayevela kwimvelaphi yabantu kunye noThixo. Kwaye ukuzalwa kwakhe kwakubonwa ngumphumo womtshato phakathi koothixo-uyise nomama wasemhlabeni. Ngokumalunga nalokhu, uFaro walawula umhlaba njengomzekelo weHorus, kwaye emva kokufa kwafunyanwa nenkosi yehlabathi.

Abalawuli bamaDynasty

Imbali yeYiputa yaseYiputa ihlukaniswe ngamaxesha amahlanu. Kwakuyi-Early and Ancient, kuMbindi kunye neNtsha, kunye noBukumkani obusemva. Zonke zazikho kwi-3-1 yeminyaka eyi-BC. Ngale maxesha, ilizwe liye lalawulwa ngamashumi amathathu amashumi ama-pharaohs, elowo laye labonwa njengeliso loothixo ophakamileyo u-Osiris emhlabeni . Umlawuli wokuqala lowo nguMina. Ngesinye ixesha, wabumbana E-Lower and Upper Egypt.

Ukuqwalasela inkcubeko yeli lizwe, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwakunokwenkolo. Ukongezelela, kwakukho ubungqina bombuso kaFaro (kuya kuchazwa ngokufutshane kule nqaku).

Isimo sengqondo yabantu abaqhelekileyo kubalawuli

Bonke abalawuli baseYiputa baseYiputa babenobunye belizwe kwaye babonwa njengamaxabiso angcwele. Yingakho ubuxoki bukaFaro buphuhlisiwe. EYiputa yaseYiputa, wenza ngokumangalisayo ukuhlamba okufunekayo eNayile ngokuqhuba imicimbi ekhethekileyo. Ukucacisa lesi sipho esingaphezu kwesimo silula. Inyaniso kukuba ababingeleli abanolwazi olufanelekileyo sele beyazi ukuba yintoni umlambo oza kuwuchitha. UFaro, ngokukhawuleza, waphonsa umqulu emanzini ngomyalelo. Emehlweni abantu abaqhelekileyo, umbusi wabo wayeyi-half half-life that caused a lot of water.

Yingakho bonke abemi belizwe baqiniseke ukuba isivuno semimandla, iinqwelo zezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nokuzalwa kwabantwana kwintsapho nganye kuxhomekeke kumlawuli wabo. Igama likaFaro lingavunyelwe ukuba lithethwe ngokuvakalayo. Kulo nxu lumano, abantu abalula babesetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-allegory. Kwaye abantu bambalwa abanenhlanhla babenokubona uThixo ophilayo. Kwiibhalo zaseYiputa umntu unokufumana inkcazo yabameli. Ukusuka kwindwendwe kwakudingeka ukuba alale eswini sakhe aze awanga umhlaba phantsi kweenyawo zomlawuli welizwe. Kule meko, umntu olula uhlala elahlekelwa ingqondo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubomi, ukusuka kwintlalo engcwele phambi kobuThixo.

ISigramentation

Ukususela kwimbali yokuphuhliswa koluntu kuyaziwa ukuba i-statehood kweliphi ilizwe lehlabathi lavela ngesiseko sobukhosi bookumkani okanye ookumkani, okwakunjalo, ngokomthetho, ngokungenamkhawulo. Kwaye lo mlawuli wayengomnye wamakhulu amawaka kunye nezigidi zakhe.

Ngoko kwakuseYiputa yamandulo. Kwakukho ubungqina begunya likaFaro. Le yinkqubo enika umlawuli ngeendawo ezingcwele. Amandla amakhulu angundoqo kwilizwe lasendulo laphunyezwa ngolu hlobo lwesimo sobuThixo bukaFaro. Kwaye imigaqo ephambili yale mandla yayingenakuqondakala kwaye ingenakuphulukiswa. Abantu baseMpuma basendulo babezihlaziya rhoqo malunga nomyinge ongcwele womlawuli wabo. Kuye abantu badibanisa iingcamango zabo nezenzo zabo, babone kuyo imvelaphi yeentlekele kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo. UFaro wayebonakala ephakathi kwehlabathi apho abahlala bakhe behlala khona, kwaye kwakuhlobo lwenkqubo yokulungelelanisa imibono yabo ebomini.

Umbono wezenkolo

Ukungcwaliswa kwamandla kaFaro kwakubonakaliswe ngokungenisa abantu kwiintando zomntu omnye. Kwaye le nzeka yayisekelwe kwinkolelo yabantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba umlawuli welizwe lakhe ngummeli wamandla angaphezu kwemvelo, eyamnika amalungelo amaninzi. Umzuzwana obalulekileyo apho wawungenako ukuzingcwisela amandla kaFarowa kukuqinisekiswa kwengcamango ethi "UThixo-Mntu", ogunyazisiweyo lakhe livela phezulu kwaye akadingi nayiphi na ingcaciso engqiqweni nengqiqo.

Kwakukho ukumelwa kwesiGrike. Ngokutsho kwakhe, uFaro wayengunyana onguThixo ophakamileyo, kodwa bonke abanye oothixo abakhulu abasithoba. Okokuthi, yonke imimoya engaphezu kwendalo yayigxininiswe kumlawuli welizwe.

Ukungcwaliswa kwamandla karhara kwakusekelwe kwinto yokuba wayephakamileyo kunabo bonke oothixo ngabanye. Kwaye akuyena umlamli phakathi kwehlabathi ezimbini. Nguye ukuqhubeka koxolo lukaThixo emhlabeni. Lo mbono wamandla ubonakala kakuhle kwelinye leemibhalo zasendulo "iTestamente yeRamses."

Isimo sikaFaro

Umfanekiso nomfanekiso wobukumkani bukaThixo wanikwa inqaku elipheleleyo kunye nepheleleyo kwiYiputa yamandulo. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, inkolo kaFaro yayingumgudu wokugcina iingcamango zokuqala. Abantu ababehlala ngaphandle bakholelwa oothixo babo basekuhlaleni, kwaye inkolo yombusi welizwe yayikhona kuphela.

Inyaniso yokuba ama -harahara awazange athathe rhoqo isimboli sobuthixo emehlweni abo babenisiwe, kuboniswa ngetekisi zakudala zaseYiputa eziye zaza kuthi. Kodwa kuseli lizwe ubuqabane bomlawuli buphuhliswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka kuluntu.

Ubuthixo bendalo

Intloko yeYiputa yaseYiputa yayinguFaro. Kwizandla zakhe, amandla amakhulu phezu kwelizwe, izinto zalo, izinto zendalo, abasebenzi kunye nemithombo yomhlaba zagxininiswa. Igama elinjengengcamango yamandla kaFaro yithwala inkululeko. Ekuguquleleni ukusuka kwisiGrike, eli gama lithetha "uthixokazi". Yonke into ayenayo ilizwe yayibhekwa njengendawo yomlawuli wayo. Kwaye akunjalo ngethuba lokuba loo ngcamango "njengendlu kaFaro" yayithetha into efanayo "noburhulumente".

Iimfundiso zababingeleli baseYiputa baseYiputa zazifuna ukuba abemi belizwe bawuhloniphe umlawuli wabo ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Ukungathobeli kwasongela abantu abaneenkathazo ezimbi, kungekuphela nje ngexesha lobomi, kodwa nangemva kokufa.

Indima yobugcisa

Ukungcwaliswa kwamandla kaFaro kwaxhaswa yinkcubeko yaseYiputa. Imisebenzi yobugcisa eyenziwe ngexesha elifanayo ayizange ibe yintsimi yokuzonwabisa.

Bathi kwimifanekiso kunye neefom ezathintela ukucinga komntu amandla awanikwe nguFaro. Inkcubeko yeYiputa yaseYiputa yayimile kwinkonzo yezinto eziphakamileyo zelizwe kunye nentloko yayo. Okokuqala, kwabizwa ukuba kwakhiwe izikhumbuzo ezazizukisa iiharahara kwaye zazazi inkqubo yombuso. Imisebenzi efanayo eyenziwa ngokwemithetho ethile, ngenxa yokuba ukugcwaliselwa kwamandla karhara eYiputa kwaqiniswa ngakumbi.

Iplate yeSlate yeNarmer

Kukho isikhumbuzo esicacileyo, esibonisa ukungcwaliswa kwamandla karhara kwiYiputa yamandulo. Le yi-slate slab ye-Narmer. Ingumtya wamashumi amathandathu anesine ubude obukhulu kunye neempapasho ezifutshane kunye neenkcukacha ezifutshane ezimfutshane ze-hieroglyphic. Esi sicwecwe sichazela ukunqoba komlawuli we-Upper Egypt, iNarmer phezu kweYiputa engaphantsi kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezi ndawo kwindawo enye. Apha ungabona umfanekiso weharahara phakathi kwendawo yokwakhiwa. Utywetshwe ngentsontsho, ephosa intloko yentloko intshaba. Ngalinye icala, i-Narmer njengowinqobile iya kwiqela labakhonkqo bemfazwe.

Umfanekiso kwisitya ubonisa ukuba kwakukho ubungcwele bombuso weharahara kwilizwe laseYiputa lasendulo. Emva koko, umlawuli ubonakaliswe ubude kunabo bonke abanye. Yaye lo mgaqo uhambelana nama-artists iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi kwimisebenzi eminingi yobugcisa.

Ukudala iiMifanekiso

Ukungcwaliswa kwamandla kaFaro kwiYiputa YaseYiputa yafunyanwa kwimisebenzi eminingi yobugcisa. Abadwebi belo xesha babonisa abalawuli belizwe ngoncedo lwezithombe. Ngelo xesha, bazama ukucamngca "iidemodods", banika ubuso babo ukuzola, kunye nokwenza ukuba uphawu lube lukhulu kwaye lukhulu.

Umzekelo ocacileyo ngumfanekiso wefihara Khafre. Lo mlawuli onokuthula onokuthula uhleli esihlalweni sobukhosi, apho unkulunkulu uHorus usasaza amaphiko akhe . Lo mfanekiso, njengabo bonke abanye, ungumthonyama, oqulethe, ngokubhekiselele kumaYiputa, ubunzulu bokomoya bomfi. Kwaye kumfanekiso wesharahara, into ephambili ayifani nento yakhe. Oku kugxininisa apha kukulo hlobo lolawulo, luxhomekeke kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla, eyintloko yeburhulumenteni yamandulo yasempuma.

Ukudalwa kweetempile

Ukuxhaswa kwamandla amaharahara, kungekhona nje imidwebo, iifoto kunye nezixhobo eziphathekayo. Amandla abo azukiswa ngokudalwa kweetempileni, kunye nezakhiwo zetempile. Zonke zazakhelwa ngokuhlonipha abalawuli bezithethe zaseYiputa zasendulo.

Enye yezona zihlandlo ezibalaseleyo zolu hlobo lwezakhiwo zobugcisa, ingcwaba likaEstre Hatshepsut. Yakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 leminyaka. BC Kwinqaba yase Deir al-Bahri. Yonke imidwebo ephambili kunye nemibhalo yale ngqungquthela yokungcwaba ichaza ukuzalwa kunye nokulungiswa kwenkosikazi, kunye nempi yakhe ephawulekayo kunye nohambo oluya ezweni lasePunt. Lo wayeyindoda yokuqala yokuqalakazi yase-Yiputa.

Umngcwabo

Kwizikhumbuzo zobugcisa ezithe zafika kuthi ukususela kwixesha elikude, izihloko ezimbini zilandelwa ngokucacileyo-ubomi kunye nokufa. EYiputa, kwakukho imfundiso eyayithi abafileyo baya kuvuswa.

UFaro kulo mbuso akayena kuphela umnikazi wamandla, kodwa noThixo. Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi wakhe kwihlabathi labantu, wayefanele abuyele koothixo kwakhona, apho wahlala khona de wazalwa emhlabeni.

Ukulungiswa kwamangcwaba, okwakuthiwa abe "ikhaya elingenammiselo", kwongezelela ukuqinisekisile ubungcwele begunya likaFaro. Inkululeko kunye nenkonzo yokungcwaba kweli lizwe lifumene ukubonakaliswa kwezi zikhumbuzo zobugcisa.

Abalawuli abanamandla baqokelela umkhosi omkhulu wabasebenzi abaye baphoqeleka ukuba basebenze kanzima, banciphise iibhloko ezinkulu zegranite, bazinikele kwisakhiwo sokwakha, baze baphakamise kwaye batyeke izinto ezigqithiseleyo basebenzise kuphela ubuchule bokuqala.

Imbali ayayazi nawuphi na ummandla apho ababusi beza kuthatha isigqibo malunga neendleko eziphathekayo kunye nezomntu kuphela ngenxa yokumisela isikhumbuzo esinjalo. Nangona kunjalo, eYiputa YaseYiputa le mihlaba yayiyimfuneko ebaluleke kakhulu yenkolo. Abantu bakholelwa ukuba ngoncedo lwabo amaharahara ayenokwenyuka kwilizwe loothixo. Iipiramidi ngokwayo yayisisimboli sebhendi yezixuku zokukhunjulwa, apho kwakukho isikhala esaneleyo kubo bonke abemi baseburhulumenteni. Esi sikhumbuzo sasisigxina sokugqibela emngcwabeni, ngokuqala ngombhobho, apho umzimba wefiharawu ufike khona, wangena kwisikhephe ngaseNayile. Yonke indlela yokugqibela yomlawuli iphume ukusuka empuma ukuya entshonalanga, oko kukuthi, iphinda iphinda ihambe ilanga lasezulwini esibhakabhakeni.

Imiqondiso yobukhulu

Kwakuphi enye into eyayingenakwenziwa ngayo ubungcwele bukaFaro? Iimpawu ukuba umlawuli waseYiputa wamandulo wayegqoke iimpawu zobukhulu bakhe. Enye yezona zinto eziphambili zazibhekwa njengesihloko, esabizwa ngokuthi "pshent". Kwakuquka izithsaba ezimbini - obomvu (i-E-Egypt ephantsi) kunye nomhlophe (i-Egypt ephezulu). Le ntloko yayisisimboli samandla kuwo onke amazwe. Iindonga zazigqweswa enye phezu komnye, zifake imifanekiso yezithixokazi phambi, abathandi beemimandla.

Nsuku zonke i-headcarf yabantu baseYiputa yayithathwa njengesheki. KuFaro wayekulo hlobo lwengubo enkulu, i-hoop nenyoka kunye ne-ribbon. Le mekhi yayibizwa ngokuthi "i-claft", ngamanye amaxesha isithsaba sasigqoke kuyo.

Kwakhona phakathi kweempawu zamandla kaFarohara ukususela kwimihla yamandulo yayingumsebenzi. Ikhunjuzwe ngamaxesha adala, xa ukuzaliswa kweenkomo kwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini babantu.

Intonga ephakamileyo ephakamileyo iphinde ibe ngumqondiso wegunya lomlawuli waseYiputa. Ibizwa ngokuthi "hake", okanye "hook". Ukongeza kwipharahara, lo mqondiso wawugqutywe ngamagosa aphakamileyo. Ukongezelela, kukho enye intsha. Wayeyindoda ende enomqolo wokuhlulwa. Umphezulu we-waza wawuhlotshiswe ngentloko ebhaliweyo yenja okanye i-jackal.

Ukongezelela kwezi zixhobo, uphawu lwegunya likaFaro luyixhoba, okanye i-neheh (ityunithi). Isidima esibalulekileyo sasiye isilevu. Yenziwe ngegolide kwaye ifakwe kumlawuli.

UFaro wahlala etroneni. Esi sihlalo senziwe ngendlela yekhamera kwaye sasibuye siphantsi kakhulu. Kwimizi yomibini yetrone kwakukho umqondiso wokuhlanganiswa kwamazwe aseYiputa, eyayiyingcongolo yokuguqula ipapyrus.