Ukumakishwa kweplastiki: imizekelo yegama, ukuchonga

Iiplastiki zisetyenziselwa ubomi bemihla ngemihla yonke into eyenziwa ngabantu. Esi sixhobo esilungeleyo, esizinzileyo kunye nesigqabileyo esingaziboleki kulungelelaniso, asinakuphela, njalo njalo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingxaki enkulu. Ngoko, iplastiki ayifuni ukubola kwaye idinga indlela ekhethekileyo yokucwangcisa, kuxhomekeke kulolu hlobo. Ukongezelela, yona ngokwayo inobungozi (ubuncinane ezinye zeentlobo zayo). Oko kukuthi, ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kuzo zonke iimfuno.

Kutheni ndifuna ukumakishwa kweplastiki?

Ukuqonda indlela yokulungisa inkqubo enye okanye olunye uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokuvavanya ingozi ekusebenziseni kwayo, ukumakishwa kweplastiki kusetyenziswa. Kwaqaliswa ngowe-1988, kwaye ukususela ngoko akukho nto yatshintshile. Zonke iindidi ezintsha zeplastiki, enye indlela okanye enye, zingezinye zezigaba eziphambili. Kubukeka ngathi imicu emithathu, enye emva komnye inxantathu. Ngaphakathi kukho idijithi ekhowudi, kwaye phantsi kwe-icon kukho uluhlu lwama-alphabetic olubonisa uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukumakishwa kweebhotile zeplastiki kuya kubonakala ngathi unxantathu weentolo, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kukho amanani 01, nangaphantsi kukho umbhalo we-PET. Oku kuyinyaniso kwiibhanki ezininzi ezifanayo ezisetyenziswa njengezikhonkwane zokutya. Ezi bhotile ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina ipeyin okanye i-varnish ingaba neelayibhile ehlukile. Kodwa kakhulu kunazo zonke, xa kukho uphawu olungalunganga kwisitya sokutya. Eyona nto ingcono, ixutywe nje. Kodwa oku kuluhlu. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, umenzi wenyameko uya kwinqanaba elinjalo ngenxa yoqoqosho. Ukuthenga iimveliso ezinjalo zidikibala kakhulu, njengobunyongo okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinokwenzeka.

Ukumakisha iPET kwiiplastiki

Ngamanye amaxesha igama lizwakala njengeRETE. Imela i-Polyethylene iTerephthalate Ethylene. Isetshenziselwa ukuveliswa kweebhotile phantsi kwamanzi, ukusela ngaphandle kotywala, iindiza ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuhlamba kunye nokucoca iintlobo zamanzi. Kukholelwa ukuba lolu hlobo lwakhiwo luye lwahlukelwa ngobungcipheko kunye nokukhuseleko. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeka kakhulu ukuba kusetyenziswe kangakanani umbane kwisitenki esinjalo. Ukuba ixesha lide kakhulu, ke izinto ezinobuthi ezivela kwiplastiki ziya kuwela emanzini, okuya kwenza ukuba akufanelekanga ukusetyenziswa. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuba ungagcini i-liquids kwisitya esifanayo ixesha elide, kwaye usebenzise kwakhona ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Iiplastiki zolu hlobo zicwangciswa ngokugqibeleleyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uvelise iimveliso ezintsha kuyo ngaphandle kokungcolisa imeko. Izinto ezingenziwanga emva kokucubungula zinempawu neempawu ezifanayo njengangaphambili. Kodwa konke okufanayo kukho ithuba lokwenza iimpahla zenye uhlobo.

Ukumakisha i-HDPE

Le ipetroethylene ekhethekileyo, ebonakala ngamandla amakhulu. Isibhengezo sisisigxina sePolyethylene. Kubonakala ngathi uphawu lufana nolunye olungentla, kodwa ngaphakathi kungamadijithi angu-02, nangaphantsi kwalo - i-HDPE ebhalwe phantsi. Le yintsimbi apho izitya ezahlukeneyo zokuhlamba okanye ukuhlanza, zonke iintlobo ze-shampoos, kunye nokudala amaqela athile eepakethi ziveliswa. Kanye nje ngeentlobo ezidlulileyo, kwiplastiki yokutya, kodwa yingozi kwaye ayisebenzisekanga. Ngokukodwa xa kuqondwa ukuba iimveliso ziya kubambisana ngqo nalo. Okokuthi, isetyenziselwa ukudala izitya ezithile okanye into efanayo, apho izityalo ziza kufakwa khona, ukuba kungenjalo, kwimo ecocekileyo, kodwa zifakwe kwisinye isitya.

Uhlobo lwePVC

Ukumakishwa kweplastiki kumele i-Polyvinyl hloride. Ukuba ngesiRashiya, ke iPVC. Ukusetyenziswa ukudala ifilimu yokutya, inani leebhotile ezahlukeneyo njalonjalo. Nangona inyaniso yokuba inani labakhiqizi libeka loo nto njengekhuselekile, eqinisweni inetyhefu. Iplastiki yolu hlobo ingaba yingozi kakhulu kwaye iyingozi phakathi kokusingqongileyo kunye nomzimba womntu. Ukumakishwa kweebhotile zeplastiki kule ndawo kubonakala kufana nezo zangaphambili, kodwa ngaphakathi zingama-03, kwaye umbhalo olapha ngezantsi ukhangeleka njengePVC okanye umane V. Enye iphuzu elibalulekileyo - ngenxa yengozi yalo le nto kunzima kakhulu ukuyenza. Kwaye nangona emva kokuba isitya senziwe kuso, imveliso yezinto ezifunyenweyo ayihambisani naluphi na indlela eya kubaluleka ngayo. Oko kukuthi, akunakwenzeka kakhulu ukusebenzisana naye. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqaku lisetyenziswe ngokusetyenziswa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yomsebenzi.

Xabiso leLDPE

Ngale nkcazo ithetha i-polyethylene, ebonakaliswe ngobuninzi beqondo. Imela i-Low Density Polyethylene. Ngokwimeko le nto ingachazwa njengeplastiki yokutya. Ukumakishwa kwe-GOST kubonisa ukuba le nto ayikho into enobuthi kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iiplastiki zeplastiki. Ukongeza, isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweentlobo ezininzi zeengxowa, kunye nokudalwa kweebhotile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isilwanyana esisilungileyo siyanele, okwangoku, ekusebenziseni ixesha elide kunye nemveliso kunakho konke ukunika inxalenye yezinto zayo ezinobuthi. I icon iyalingana, kodwa isibalo 04 singaphakathi, kwaye phantsi kwayo kukuthiwa yi-LDPE okanye i-PE-LD. Ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela yezinto eziphathekayo kunzima kakhulu, kodwa sele sele iphakamileyo ngaphezu kwezinga loqoqosho olufanelekileyo, ngoko akukho ziingxaki ezinjalo kunye neentlobo zangaphambili.

Plastiki PP

Ezi zixhobo eziphathekayo zisetyenziswe kwiimeko apho kukho imfuneko yokuvelisa isitya sokugubha, iibhobho zokusela, izigulane zokutya kunye neebhotile zentsana. Kubukeka ngathi unxantathu omnye kunye neentolo, ngaphakathi apho kukho iinombolo 05, kwaye phantsi kokutyunjwa kukho ukubhaliswa kweP PP. Kukholelwa ukuba olu luhlobo olukhuselekileyo lwezinto ezivela kuzo zonke iinguqu ezifanayo. Iplastiki yePlastiki ibizwa ngokuba yi-polypropylene. Nangona kunjalo, njengakwezinye iimeko, ukudibanisa ixesha elide kunye nokutya akufuneki. Ngokukodwa xa kuziwa kwimveliso yabantwana. Umzekelo, ukuba uthelela amanzi kwibhotile yale ngcaciso kumntwana, awukwazi ukuyishiya ixesha elide. Kufuneka ihlaziywe rhoqo, okanye ingcono ukuba ungasebenzisi enye ipakethe ngezihlandlo ezilandelanayo. Kuyafana nezinye iibhotile, ezazingenakuqala kuzo. Ngokufanelekileyo, emva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elilodwa, kufuneka ukuba bathunyelwe ngokukhawuleza ukuze babuyiselwe kwakhona.

Ukumakisha PS

Into enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-polystyrene. I-icon ibonakala efanayo nakwiimeko zangaphambili, kodwa iinombolo ngaphakathi kwantathulwano ukusuka kwiintolo zi-06, kwaye umbhalo olapha ngezantsi ngu-PS. Ukumakishwa kweplastiki ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kuthetha ukuba isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ukutya, izitya, izixhobo, ii-CD disk izitsha kunye njalo njalo. Ngexesha elifanayo, lisetyenziswe ekwenzeni amabhodi okufaka ukushisa, ukuphatha nokunye okunjalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le nto inobungozi, kodwa ngokuyininzi kuba iqukethe i-styrene. Eli candelo liyingozi kakhulu xa litshisa, ngoko kwinqanaba, indlela iplastiki yokutya isenokusetyenziswa ngayo. Oko kukuthi, ukugcina ukutya kwiqriqithi ezinjalo iimveliso zigqwesileyo, kodwa kwi-oven microwaves ayikhuthazwa ukuba ubashushu.

Ezinye iiplastiki, okanye "O"

Ngaphantsi kwale mpawu zonke ezinye iintlobo zeplastiki ziyavela. Kwininzi enkulu kakhulu inobungozi kwimpilo nakwiimeko. Ukumakisha uhlobo lweplastiki elithi "O" lisetyenziswe kulezo mveliso ezingenjongo yokusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokutya, amanzi kunye nokunye okunjalo. Kule ndawo, amaqela amaninzi eemveliso akhiqizwa asetyenziswa ngumntu, kodwa xa esebenzisana nokutya ayisebenzisi. Ngokomzekelo, loo plastiki ingaba yi-smartphone okanye ezinye iindidi ezifanayo. Ukuba umntu ufumene ukumakisha okunjalo kwimpahla yokutya, akukhuthazwa ukuba uyidle, kuba unokwenzeka ukuba unobungozi obukhulu kakhulu. Imeko enjalo ayinakwenzeka, kodwa kuya kuba ngcono ukukhuseleka.

Isiphumo

Ngokubanzi, ukumakishwa kweplastiki kuyiluncedo eluncedo kuluntu. Inceda abantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba baqonde isantya seengozi ekusebenziseni ukuhlukahluka kwezinto okanye izinto. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuqhutyelwa kwazo kuseyona ndlela yodwa yokwenza okungaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokukhuselekileyo kwimeko yokusingqongileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, inkqubo yokuzicwangcisa ngokwayo ayinakubizwa ngokuba yindlela efanelekileyo, kodwa ngoku kude kubekho uluntu olungenakukwazi ukwenza okunye ukhetho olululo.