Polyethylene - yintoni na le nto? Ukusetyenziswa polyethylene

Yintoni PE? Ziintoni iimpawu zayo? Njani na imveliso polyethylene? Le mibuzo umdla kakhulu ekufuneka kuphendulwa kweli nqaku.

ulwazi jikelele

Polyethylene - into yemichiza nto leyo udederhu athom carbon, nganye edibene iimolekyuli ezimbini hydrogen. Nangona phambi ubume efanayo, kodwa kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini. ahluke kubume zabo, ngenxa yoko, izakhiwo. Eyokuqala i ikhonkco linear apho iqondo polymerization lidlula kwisalathiso amawaka amahlanu. Ukuma yesibini - a eyayizalwa ka 4-6 athom carbon ukuba incamathele kwi-chain osemqoka indlela ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Njengoko ulwandlalo elifunyenwe polyethylene yomgama? Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ehlanganisa ezizodwa, apho kuchaphazela polyolefins kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakathi (ukuya degrees 150 Celsius) kunye noxinzelelo (ukuya kwi-20 kwemimoya). Kodwa yintoni na? Siyazi iimpawu zayo imichiza, izeziphi ke ngokwenyama?

Yintoni na?

Polyethylene - a Polymer thermoplastic, apho inkqubo crystallization olwenziwa kwiqondo lobushushu lwe thabatha engaphantsi kwe-60 degrees Celsius. Kuyinto angafihli ngomaleko omkhulu akukho desensitised ngamanzi, izinyibilikisi ze-oganikhi bushushu ayiphazamiseki. Ukuba lobushushu lidlula degrees 80 Celsius, ehleliyo ekufukukeni apho wenziwa kuqala, uze emva koko ukubola ukuya hydrocarbon ibhedolaki nezakhi halogen. Polyethylene - into leyo ukumelana impembelelo izisombululo ebuhlungu asidi, iityuwa kunye alkalis. Kodwa ukuba lobushushu kune degrees 60 Celsius, kusenokuba kakhulu ngokukhawuleza ndidilize nitric kunye asidi sulphuric. Kuba iimveliso ekwakheni Polyethylene ukuze kusingathwa iioksidenti, kulandele isicelo izinto eziyimfuneko.

Njani na imveliso polyethylene?

Ukulungiselela le njongo:

• Indlela ophezulu-koxinzelelo (mninzi sezantsi). Polyethylene idaliwe ngamandla, nto leyo kuluhlu kwi-1 000 ukuya ku-3, 000 umoya kubushushu degrees 180 Celsius. Njengoko izenzo oxygen njengento umqalisi.
• Indlela xi ephantsi (ezixineneyo). Kulo mzekelo, polyethylene kudaleke noxinzelelo apho umoya ubuncinane ezintlanu kunye lobushushu degrees 80 Celsius usebenzisa isinyibilikisi organic kunye ehlanganisa Ziegler-Natta.
• Bangegqithi lo mjikelo wemveliso polyethylene yomgama, ekubhekiselwe kuwo ngasentla. Kuyinto oluphakathi phakathi amanqaku yokuqala neyesibini.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi kuphela ubugcisa ezisetyenziswa. Ngoko ke, kuvamile nangaphezulu kukusetyenziswa ehlanganisa metallocene. Intsingiselo yalo bugcisa ukuze ngalo ukufezekisa ubunzima olukhulu Polymer, nokunyusa inqaba imveliso. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo isakhiwo neempawu ezifunekayo xa usebenzisa monomer, kwaye kusetyenziswa ukukhetha indlela yolwamkelo. Kwakhona, oko kusenokuba nefuthe iimfuno ubushushu yokunyibilikisa, uqinile, ngokuba lukhuni kunye mninzi.

Kutheni kukho umahluko olomeleleyo?

Esona sizathu siphambili somahluko iipropati - nto branched macromolecules. Ngoko ke, i enkulu na, lo ezisezantsi neziphezulu crystallinity Polymer luthambe. Kutheni kubalulekile nje oku? Into yokuba iimpawu yokugaya polyethylene ikhulela kunye ezinoxinano kunye nobunzima baso eziphilayo. Makhe sijonge a umzekelo ngokukhawuleza. I Iphepha polyethylene iye ngqongqo kakhulu kwaye ke izinto ziselubala. Kodwa ukuba usebenzisa indlela esezantsi ezinoxinano, izinto iziphumo ziya kuba ububhetyebhetye kahle nokubonakala isihlobo kuyo. Kutheni yavelisa uluhlu ezahlukeneyo kangaka? Ngenxa umahluko kweemeko zokusebenza. Umzekelo, ene- polyethylene ephezulu uhlangabezana njani nale nemithwalo kukothuka. Kwakhona ukumelana iqabaka. Iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza uluhlu le nto - ukususela -70 ukuya +60 Celsius. Nangona izitampu eziliqela aguqulelwe ithambeka ngandlel ezahlukeneyo - kwaye ukusukela -120 ukuya +100. Oku iphenjelelwa lexinene polyethylene kunye nesakhiwo sayo kwinqanaba eziphilayo.

Ingakumbi izinto

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe enye ethile - ukuguga ngokukhawuleza polyethylene. Kodwa oku lula kulungiswe. ubomi Ukwandisa inkonzo siyifumana ongeziweyo ezizodwa, antioxidants, kwindima apho abanokusebenza carbon emnyama, phenols okanye amine. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ke, ukuba izinto ezinobunzima-mthamo viscous ngakumbi, yenzela lula ukuba hlulwa libe iimveliso. Singasathethi, kunye neempawu zombane. Polyethylene kuba Polymer non-polar yinto kwizinga eliphezulu Imfono-frequency Heating. Ngenxa yale ebaxiweyo rhoqo nelahleko ngokutshintsha kancinane utshintsho ukufuma, lobushushu (kuluhlu -80 ukuya +100) kunye rhoqo yentsimi yombane. Apha kufuneka uqaphele phawu enye. Ngoko ke, ukuba kwi polyethylene kukho iintsalela ngumnxibelelanisi, oko iphucula ilahleko ilayini ezibambanayo kodwa azikweli Heating, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba maxongo ethile zokwambathisa izakhiwo. Kaloku, siye ngoku imeko xa iyonke iye kwakhona. Ngoku makhe ukuhlawula ezichaphazela ingqalelo.

Yintoni density polyethylene?

Le izinto crystallizable ukukhanya elastic ogama ukumelana ubushushu kuluhlu ukususela -80 ukuya +100 degrees Celsius. It has a kumphezulu ecwebezelayo. Vitrification iqala ngo -20. A inyibilikiswa - kuluhlu 120-135. Uphawu na impembelelo namandla kunye nokumelana nobushushu okulungileyo. ene- polyethylene ezichaphazela ngokuphawulekayo kwiipropati ngenxa. Ngenxa yoko, kunye ikhula ngamandla, ukuqina, ngokuba lukhuni kunye nokumelana imichiza. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye kunciphisa utyekelo ukuba olule kunye permeability ukuba neegesi kunye umphunga. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe enyakanyakeni ukuba kwenzeka ngexesha umthwalo ixesha elide. polyethylene okunjalo eziphilayo egalelwe, kwaye kube lula irisayikilishwe. Yeyiphi kuluncedo kakhulu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Ethetha ukusetyenziswa polyethylene, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba isetyenziswe ukwenziwa zokubopha neenkonkxa. Ngoko ke, isinye kwisithathu yemveliso uyaphuma ukwenza udini inkonkxa ngesibetho, esetyenziswa kwishishini ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa, izithuthi, umthengi, amasimi amandla kunye neebhanyabhanya. Kodwa inokufumaneka xa kudalwa ityhubhu nogwali iindawo. Ingenelo ebalulekileyo kwale nto uqinile, ixabiso layo eliphantsi lula iwelding.

Low polyethylene mninzi

Le izinto crystallizable elastic ukukhanya kunye ukumelana nobushushu (akukho umthwalo) kuluhlu ukususela -120 ukuya +90 degrees Celsius. Properties kwakhona ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi lexinene umbandela onesiphumo. Ngenxa yoko kukho ukwanda ngamandla, ngokuba lukhuni, ukuqina kunye nokumelana imichiza. Kunye nale ubukhulu polyethylene kuchaphazela ngamandla nempembelelo, zobude, ngothanda bokuxhathisa kwaye permeability ukuba neegesi kunye umphunga. Ngaphezu koko, akukho uzinzo ezahlukeneyo mbini kunye nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwi imithwalo iphantsi kakhulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuxhathisa okunene eliphezulu iikhemikhali kunye neempawu ezintle Heating. Ukususela ezimbi - phezu polyethylene kukho amafutha ezimbi, iioyile kunye nemitha yelanga. Eziphila egalelwe, kube lula irisayikilishwe. Kwakhona kunjalo kwachazwa ngokuthi ukumelana kwimitha. Ukusebenza polyethylene lwetshiphu emsebenzi-mninzi kubonakala kakhulu xa kudalwa zobugcisa, ukutya kunye bhanyabhanya zezolimo. Nangona, Kakade ke, asinguye kuphela ukhetho.

polyethylene linear

Lo mbandela elastic crystallizes. It zingamelana ukuya ku-118 degrees Celsius. Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo kwale nto ukuxhathisa wayo nokuqhekeka, uxhathiso ubushushu namandla nempembelelo. Isetyenziswa iiphakheji imveliso, izikhongozeli neenkonkxa. Izinto onokuzifumana PE? Iimpawu kwale nto liphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa zobugcisa phambi eziqulunqwe indlela soxinzelelo eliphantsi. Ngoko ke, ukuba unalo impahla entle elungileyo. Kodwa, njengokuba umthetho, mayingabi sakhululwa ulinganiswa a polyethylene ephezulu-ingcinezelo.

Njengoko angamelwa impahla?

Ngoko ke, thina ukuba siqukumbele iintlobo ezisisiseko polyethylene. Ziziphi ifomu ezidalwe? Eyona ethandwayo - noxwebhu polyethylene kunye film. Ezi fom ukuze ziveliswe na mninzi eziphathekayo. Nangona kusekho kukho iinketho ezithile. Ngoko ke, ngokuba imveliso bhanya bhetyebhetye ebhityileyo ezisetyenziswa indlela ngamandla eliphantsi. Ububanzi umbandela efunyenweyo, ngokokuqhelekileyo ufikelela 1400 mm, ubude - iimitha 300. Yomgama polyethylene eliphantsi lexinene ngqongqo, nangona kunjalo, ukuba zisetyenziselwa nezakhiwo kufuneka abachatshazelwa: iimakhishithi efanayo, endiyibumbileyo, oluxonxiweyo amanqaku njalo njalo.

isiphelo

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, singasathethi ke amaxwebhu zolawulo, ngokwe kunye polyethylene zaveliswa. GOST 16338-85 onoxanduva imveliso eyenziwe ngamandla eliphantsi. Esebenza ngakumbi ngo-1985. GOST 16337-77 ulawula imiba enxulumene polyethylene ephezulu-ingcinezelo. Yena nokuba ubudala ngakumbi usuku emva kunyaka 1977. La maxwebhu olumisiweyo ziqulathe ulwazi malunga neemfuno mathiriyeli apho enziwa kunye umboniso, zokubopha kunye nezinye iimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka kuqatshelwe uluhlu olubanzi isicelo imveliso ifunyenwe nokwahluka yayo iintlobo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, eqhelekileyo kakhulu ngakumbi polyethylene film. peculiarity wabo ukuba Ebubanzini efanayo intloko namagxa ngaphezu neempawu zazo ngaphezu zeesampulu imveliso eqhelekileyo. Mnye bhanya polyethylene ngakumbi ukwenza amalaphu, iibhegi nezinye izinto ezininzi luncedo. iimpawu zawo afunyenwe ukuqaliswa ngemisonto ekhethekileyo kwimicu zendalo okanye zokwenziwa.