Ukukhululeka kwezantsi kwe-Atlantic Ocean. Iinkalo eziphambili zokhuseleko lwe-Atlantic Ocean bed

Makhe siqwalasele ngokucacileyo ukukhutshwa kwezantsi kwe-Atlantic Ocean. Esi sihloko sivela kwimithombo emininzi. Ngako oko, umbuzo ungokoqobo kwiindawo ezininzi: "Singafumana phi inkcazo ye-Atlantic Ocean?" Emva koko, ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha isifundo esijulile kwesi sihloko. Kule nqaku, sazama ukuveza ngokucacileyo le ngxaki.

Ukuqala ukuchaza ukukhutshwa kwezantsi kwe- Atlantic Ocean, siyabona ukuba iMid-Atlantic Ridge yinto ebalulekileyo yeyona nto. Ngokwemimandla yendawo, yinto engaphantsi kwebhedi yolwandle (24.6% kunye no-37.6%, ngokulandelanayo). Ulwandle lonke luhlula olu luhlu zibe ngamacala amabini. Ziyalingana ngokulinganayo kwindawo. Ulwazi olubanzi malunga neLwandle lweAtlantiki, kwakunye nolwazi olubanzi malunga ne-geography liyakukuvumela ukuba uqonde ngakumbi into exoxwa ngayo kweli nqaku. Ukuze uqikelele ngokucacileyo indawo yolwandle enomdla kuthi, sincoma ukuba uzifundele ngemephu.

Kwintshona kwintshona yomlambo

Umfula waseNewfoundland uhlala ngasentshonalanga kwinqanaba lomlambo. I-Rio Grande Plateau, iCeara Rise, i-Barracuda Range kunye ne-Bermuda Plateau, kunye ne-protrusions ye-Mid-Atlantic Ridge kunye namaphethelo eeplanethi ngaphantsi kwamanzi, ukwahlula isiqingatha sentshona yolwandle kwi-Argentina, eBrazil, eGuana, eGuyana, eNorth American, nase-Newfoundland naseLabrador. . Umlambo waseNorway-Greenland kunye neLwandle lwaseBaffin ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengengxenye yolunye ulwandle - i-Arctic Ocean.

Labrador naseNewfoundland

Masiqhubeke nebali yintoni ebonisa ukukhutshwa kwezantsi kwe-Atlantic Ocean. Chaza ngokufutshane imimbo emibili - iLabrador kunye neNewfoundland (ubunzulu obuninzi bokugqibela - ama-5160 amitha). Bona, ngokwenene, yakha enye enye. Inxalenye ephambili yabo ihlala kwindawo ephothulileyo. Kukhokelo lwentsimidional, liwela i-Abyssal Valley yaseHazen. I-Newfoundland ephahla ukusuka kumzantsi ikhuselwe ngumgca ngegama elifanayo. Yena, njengoko kuboniswa ngophando oluthile lwezifundo ze-seismoacoustic, luhlobo oluthile lokuqokelela, oluhambelana nokuhamba kwezinto ezinqabileyo ngamanzi amanzi aphantsi.

Amasebe aseMntla American, eGiana kunye neCeara

Umlambo waseNyakatho Melika ngowomnye weebhanki ezinkulu kakhulu apho ukukhutshwa kwezantsi kwe-Atlantic Ocean kuphawulwe. Inkcazelo emfutshane yalo iya kuqhubeka ibali lethu. Ubunzulu obunzulu bomhlaba bungama-7110 wamitha. Intaba yaseBermuda ifumaneka phakathi kwinqanaba elisenyakatho. Napha, kwakhona, i-Korner massif (into eyaziwa ngokuba yiConer Uplift) kunye neentaba zeKellvin ziyaziwa. Intlaba yendawo ephoswe ngendwangu yelitye isuka e-Bermuda plateau ukuya ngasentla. Kwimiqobo yexinzelelo yintlambo ephothuzelayo e-Nares, eHatteras naseSom. Umda we-North American umda wezantsi kumzantsi-ntshona kunye ne-Blake-Bahamian, kunye ne-Anti-Antilles. Olu lizayo ludlulisa kunye nomsele wasePuerto Rico. Ikwahlukana, kunye neBracuda Range e-blocky, eqhubekayo, i-Guiana Basin esuka eNorth America. Ukungena kwezinto ezinobungozi obunxwemeni kunika ngokubanzi ukuphuhliswa kwebala elityebileyo, elibizwa ngokuba yiThafa lakwaDemerara, ngaphakathi kweGuana yaseBuana. I-Guiana Basin inomlinganiselo obunzulu beemitha eziyi-5109 kummandla osenyakatho-ntshona, ebonakala ngokukhululekileyo. Amancinci amancinci, ukuphakama kweCear, kunzima ngamapuphu angaphantsi kwamanzi, uhlukaniswe kwisitya se Ceará. Ubunzulu obuninzi bokugqibela buyimitha engama-4700. Ingezantsi yale ngcinezelo ihlala ithafa elineplati enegama elifanayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezinye iiplanga ezimbini ze-abhass. Le ndawo iWild, ubunzulu be-embankment ifinyelela kumitha engama-250 (idibanisa iinqanawa zaseGuana neNorth America), kunye nePernambuco (idibanisa amabhasi aseBrazil naseGuana).

Ibhasi laseBrazil

Ibhedi enkulu kunxweme elingasentshona yolwandle yiBrazil. Nanku ukukhutshwa kwezantsi kwe-Atlantic Ocean kuninzi kakhulu. Etaweni yasePernambuco, icandelo elincinci lomgcini, liyi-wavy. Uninzi lwamapuphu aphantsi kwamanzi aseBrazil. Ezinye ziphakama ngaphezu kolwandle, zenza iziqithi ze-volcanic (uMartin-Vas, iTrinidad, uFernando-di-Noronha). Imimandla ye-latitudinal yeziphene ziphantsi kweendawo zee-akhawunti.

Ibhasi laseBrazil elivela kumzantsi liyahlukana neqonga laseRio Grande elivela kwi-plateau yase-Argentina. Ukukhululeka kwenqanawa kunzima kakhulu. Ukunyuka kwama-seamounts ahlukeneyo ngaphezu kweendawo ezinjenge-plateau.

Inxalenye esempuma inehlobo lomgca, mncinci, kunye neplati ephezulu. Yolula kwinqanaba le-meridional. Phakathi komda ongaphantsi kwamanzi welizwekazi laseMzantsi Melika kunye nenqanawa yi-Vima - abhisssal, apho amanzi aphantsi aphuma khona esuka e-Argentina ukuya eBrazil. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yezantsi yase-Argentina ihlanganiswe ngokucacileyo. Ithafa elityebileyo elincinci, elincinci elincinci lisekupheleni kwentshona yesitya, kwaye kwicandelo elisenzantsi kukho ifom enkulu yamanzi ehambayo, i-Sapiola Range. Ukubunjwa kwalo kudibaniswa nokungena kwama-nepheloids kunye nezidalwa ezisezantsi kwi-Antarctic yangoku yangoku. Kwi-Basin yase-Argentine ezinkulu zeefomati azifumaneki, kodwa iiprofayili ze-seismo-acoustic zithumela ulwazi lweentaba eziliqela, ezinokuphakama kwazo ezifikelela kwi-2-2.5 km, zingcwatyelwa phantsi kobunzima beemvula.

Inqwelomoya yangaphandle yase-South Antilles iyimithi ye-oki ephakanyisiweyo, esezantsi kwe-Argentina. Umsele waseAfrika-Antarctic usezantsi, phakathi kwe-Antarctica kunye ne-middle-oceanic ridge. Umda ongqinelanayo phakathi kwezilwandle zaseNdiya kunye ne-Atlantiki uthathwa kwinqanaba le-20 leminyaka. I-Etc. Ukuba siyakuqwalasela lo mda, kuphela inxalenye esentshona yebhasin ngechweba elityebileyo elibizwa ngokuba yi-Uedella elise-Atlantic Ocean. Ukukhululeka kweentaba zentlango zifana neyona nto ekumntla kwintlanzi.

Yintoni ebunzulu be-Atlantic Ocean kwicala langasempuma?

Ukukhutshwa kwezantsi kwe-ocean yolwandle kunzima kakhulu kwaye kunobunzima, bunamalungu amaninzi. I-Atlantic Ocean ayikho. Indawo yokulala kuyo kwicala elingasempuma libhekiselele kubukho be-Lateral okanye i-Azores-Biscay Range, i-Gorringe Massif, ukuphakanyiswa kwezilwanyana zaseCape Verde naseCanary Islands, i-Sierra Leone Plateau, iWhale kunye neGuinea Upland Ridge. Bawahlula yonke indawo esempumalanga yolwandle ukuya eNtshona Yurophu (ubunzulu obukhulu kunamamitha angama-5023), i-Canary (i-6549 metres), i-Iberia (i-5815 metres), iSierra Leone (6.040 metres), i-Cape Verde (i-7282 metres), i-Angola (6,050 metres), isiGuinea (5215 metres) kunye neCape (5457 metres). Phakathi kwe-Rockall, ukuphakama kwamanzi ngaphantsi kwamanzi, kunye ne-Iceland-Farrer umyinge ufumaneka kwi-Western Europe.

ENtshona Yurophu

Umzantsi webhasin ngokuyinhloko isitrha esicacileyo, kuphela kwiBa yeBiscay, kwaye nakwintshona-ntshona-ntshona yayo ilula i-Biscay elula. Ukusuka ngasenyakatho ukuya ngasentla, i-bottom is cut by a large valley of Mori, ubude obuyi-3500 km. Kufana nokuziphatha ngendlela efanayo nentlambo yaseHazen. Intlambo ihamba kunye nenani elikhulu, lifikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo yeemitha ezingama-50. Iifom ezimbini ezinkulu zokuqokelela zivela kwindawo esenyakatho yale ndawo. Le yile "iinqaba" zeFeni ne-Gardar. Ukuqulunqwa kwabo kudibaniswa nokwamkelwa kwenyuka kwi-Iceland-Faroe umbandela wezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Ibhasi yase-Iberia, encinci ngobukhulu, ihlala kwindawo ephakathi kwendawo ephothulileyo. Ngokucacileyo i-Biscay ifake i-Tet gorge.

Kumzantsi weBhasi yase-Iberia

Ukukhululeka kwezantsi kwe-Atlantic Ocean ukuya ngasentla kwebhasi yase-Iberia kuyawela. Iimpawu zalo zichongiwe ubukho apha beGrindzh Range, i-block ye-volcanic, kunye nenani elifanayo legama elifanayo, ukunyuka kwamaDiraira kunye neqela lezinye iifomati. Iinkalo eziphambili zokhuseleko lwe-Atlantic Ocean bhedlele kule ndawo ziquka ukufumaneka kwamathala amaninzi angaphantsi kwamanzi. Ngokwakheko lomhlaba, phantsi kweZelenomyssky Basin, kunye ne-Canary enkulu (ubunzulu obunzulu bobubanzi obungama-6549 meter) lunokwahlukana kwiindawo ezi-3 eziphantsi kwe-submeridional: i-eastern, u-oceanic-crust ngaphakathi apho ihlanganiswe i-plain inclinate ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba lelizwekazi; Ithafa elingaphakathi lendawo ephosayo, inqabileyo kwaye incinci; Entshona yeHlly. Amanqaku omgama ongaphantsi kwamanzi welizwekazi laseAfrika nawo uphuculo lweentaba zee-Canary Islands (ii-volcano ezine ezisebenzayo phakathi kwazo) kunye neziqithi zaseCape Verde ezine-volcano esebenzayo. Konke oku kunye nokunye okufihliweyo kwi-Deep Atlantic Ocean.

Iimitha eziphakamileyo kakhulu (7-7.3 km / s) zamagagasi ezisemoyeni zibonakala ngokunyuka kweSierra Leone. Oku kungenxa yokusungulwa kwamatye e-ultrabasic kwi-crustal crust, kunye ne-metamorphism eqinile yamatye ahlukeneyo. Umzantsi weendawo ezinje, njengeGuinea kunye neSierra Leone, uhlala kwiindawo eziphangaleleyo, ezizungezwe iintaba zentlango. Ubunzulu bobuninzi bala mabhasiwa ngu-5212 kunye ne-6040 yamitha, ngokulandelanayo.

Cameroon ephosakeleyo

Ukuphakama kwe-Guinean ephakamileyo kwandiswe kwintshona-mpuma-mpuma ukusuka kwiplanti ye-lava, eninzi kwaye ikhona kwicala elingasempuma yoMda we-Mid-Atlantic, kufuphi neSt Helena. Indawo yecala laseNamerbia yiyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kulolu hlobo. Inxulumene nezakhiwo ze-volcanic zentaba yaseShirshov, kunye neziqithi zasePalanga, i-Principe, iSao Tome kunye neMacias Nguema Biyogo. Indawo yecala iqhutywe ngakumbi kwilizwekazi laseAfrika. ECameroon, i-volcano esebenzayo, kunye ne-Central Central Sahara, phakathi kwazo zikhona, zigcinwe kuyo.

EAngolan

Umzantsi osezantsi-mpuma kunye nezantsi kwe-Guinean ukuphakanyiswa kwebhasi yase-Angolan nayo igxininiswa kakhulu ngamagqabi athobileyo enyawo kwilizwekazikazi, kubandakanywa ikhonteli elikhulu laseCongo, i-canyon ngaphansi kwamanzi. Iqela leemali ezisezantsi likhona kwikona ekumzantsi yebhasi yase-Angola. Ezi ntaba zinomxholo ofanayo. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yidolophu yaseWurst (ukuphakama kwayo ngokumalunga ne-4 km).

Whale Ridge

I-whale ridge isakhiwo sebhloko yeentaba. Iqukethe iibhloko ezi-3 ezinkulu, ezahlukana ngama-saddles. I-whale ye-whale ibonakala ngeplanga lomthi we-vertex kunye neentaba. Ulungelelwaniso lomphezulu we-vertex ludibaniswe kwisigxina esikhulu (mhlawumbi esona sikhulu) kunye nokuqokelelwa kweeladi zokubala.

Koloni leNtshona

Efumaneka kumzantsi weWhale Ridge, i-Kap basin ikwahlukelelwe kukuba ukukhutshwa kweenduli zogxobhozo kuphuhliswa apha. Ukongezelela, ubunzulu be-Atlantic Ocean bafihla ininzi yeentaba ze-volcanic. Zijoliswe ikakhulu kwinxalenye esemzantsi yale ndawo. Iqela lale ntaba lihlukanisa isitya saseKapa esisuka e-Agulhas. I-Agulhas ithathwa njengenxalenye yoLwandle lwaseNdiya. Kufana nokuziphatha ngokufanayo kwiCape basin.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba ukukhutshwa kwezantsi kwe-Atlantic Ocean kusemini. Utshintsha kancane, nangona utshintsho oluphawulekayo luphucotha kakhulu. Emva koko, amazwekazi ahamba ngezinga lokuphela kwe-1-2 cm ngonyaka. Ezinye iinkqubo ezichaphazelayo ziyaqhubeka zihamba ngokukhawuleza. Ngako oko, iimpawu eziphambili zokukhutshwa kwezantsi kwe-Atlantic Ocean zihlala zingatshintshi.

Yintoni echaza iimpawu ze-Atlantic Ocean relief?

Kutheni i-bottom relief yona yintoni na? Masibhale phantsi. Iimpawu ezinokuphumla kwezantsi lolwandle, izazinzulu namhlanje zingachaza izizathu ezithile. Ngokukodwa, i-Atlantic Ocean ikholelwa ukuba yenziwe ngenxa yokufunyanwa kwendawo ejikelezayo ye-axial zone ye-Mediterranean-Atlantic ridge. Zonke iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye negrafu yezantsi kweli elwandle zichazwe ngento yokuba ezine iiplati eziphambili (i-Antarctic, i-Afrika, i-Eurasia ne-America) ziyahamba.

Imbali yophando lwe-Atlantic Ocean yaqala kumaxesha amandulo. Okwangoku, ubunzulu bayo abuqondanga ngokupheleleyo. Kungenzeka ukuba imbali yophando lwe-Atlantic Ocean iya kuqhutyelwa ngezinto ezintsha ezithandekayo.