Amathambo lomzimba lomntu ephantsi: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Inkqubo yabantu musculoskeletal - kwinkqubo, esiqala gqolo ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwimihla yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, ukwenza iqela lemisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Kukugcina ukumila rhoqo, ehamba tye, ukukhusela amalungu nezihlunu - lo msebenzi wayo ophambili. Sinxulumane namanye amasebe kunye arhente omzimba womntu, bona ukudala kwaye agcine ingqibelelo yawo kwaye zinceda ukumelana neemeko ezahlukileyo zobomi.

Zonke izixhobo weentshukumo omzimba womntu zimelwe ngamasebe amabini: isixando (i skeleton nezibilini zalo) kunye esebenzayo (inkqubo dystrophy).

Amathambo luluhlu onke amathambo umzimba, apho amaqhina oqhagamshelwano phakathi ukhule kunye nemisipha. Yenza uhlobo isakhelo, ezisebenza umsebenzi ibakhusela izibilini iinkqubo zomzimba. Kwakhona inika inkxaso skeleton, kwaye ikhutshwa phandle ushukumisa umzimba sithuba simiselwa xa indawo yayo. umsebenzi Motor lwenziwa yi uthotho lokwenzekayo eziququzelelwa iinkuni, amalunga, izihlunu kunye luvo. Umsebenzi inkxaso amanga neqiniso ukuba amathambo asemzimbeni kusebenza njengesiseko ukuba kuthinjwe kwizihlunu ezithambileyo kunye namaziko, ebavumela ukuba kusoloko endaweni kwaye ayawa off. Zikhusela kuqinisekiswa yi ubukho ukuqanda kuyo utywala amalungu abalulekileyo omzimba womntu. isifuba Ngoko ke, intliziyo kunye nemiphunga zivaliwe, ingqondo, ethe tshwa yokakayi olomeleleyo. Kwakhona ezendeleyo umsebenzi amathambo kroveobrazovatelnaya - emathanjeni ngamathambo lo ke umongo ebomvu, ukuthatha inxaxheba hematopoiesis.

Ukubunjwa emathanjeni

nawuphi na lwamathambo Umntu unamathambo ngaphezulu kwama-200. Bakha izihlunu ithambo, nto leyo ebonisa inani elikhulu izimbiwa kunye organic. izinto Mineral ukunikeza nobulukhuni kunye namandla emathanjeni, kwaye uxanduva organic ukuba bhetyebhetye nokuba luthambe. Isabelo iikhompawundi kwiQela asemzimbeni yi malunga ne-70%. Xa ubudala, eli nani liphuma, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni ubu bone nokunciphisa ngamandla abo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, eyingwevu oqolileyo ngakumbi fusion ithambo kuza kufuneka ixesha elingakumbi.

Ubume wethambo

Thambo umzimba womntu wenziwe sinamathambo, kwezixhaso kunye nemiqadi. Umahluko kuphela yindlela zicwangciswe ezi zinto oyimbumba. Kwicandelo le ithambo cortical kokuba kunokubonwa ukuba ngaphandle iziyobisi ithambo esixineneyo, yaye ngaphakathi looser. Xa imiqadi cancellous zicwangciswe ukuze ibe phakathi kwawo iseli. Xa izinto bone abaqhutywa yintliziyo ngokuqinileyo ukuya kwenye kwizangqa concentric, akhiwa ngaphakathi lweHo- apho zilungiswe ngayo iimpahla kunye luvo. Le into compact yenzelwe ngaphandle kwaye yenza amathambo ngamandla, lo gama i-nomsi-, ngenxa isakhiwo sayo, kunciphisa namathambo. Umlinganiselo kubo inokuba nomahluko kwaye kuxhomekeke umsebenzi, uhlobo kunye nendawo apha emzimbeni.

periosteum

Ngaphandle amathambo zizele periosteum. Ezi nketho ke iindawo edibeneyo, ezo wambu hyaline intlala. Le periosteum imelwe izihlunu ashinyeneyo nokuqina, nto leyo unamathele emathanjeni zomzimba. Oku kuquka inani elikhulu imithambo yegazi nadlulisela izondlo kungena ithambo, kunye osteoblasts ababandakanyekayo ukuyilwa iiseli ezintsha ithambo. Ngoko ke periosteum ikhuthaza ukukhula bone ngokomelela coalescing kwi waphuka.

Nokwakheka. Endoda nemilenze

Weentshukumo appart na isakhiwo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. ukuba zonke izinto zayo ezinxulumene ngqo funnktsiyami ukwenziwa. skeleton Human kweqondo asezantsi lenziwa ngamasebe amabini, ezihambelanayo. Omnye wabo Iqinisekile kwaye lisebenza njengesiseko kuqhotyoshelwe ithambo yesibini. Eyokuqala bubonakaliswe umbhinqo zangasese kunye namathambo - yasezantsi lomzimba umbhinqo skeleton. Uphawu lilungiselelo ezisisigxina amathambo. Okwesibini - amathambo, abachaphazeleka ngqo kulo intshukumo yomzimba - the free asezantsi lomzimba skeleton. Bone, engena nesakhiwo sayo, ebonakala ngu ukukwazi ukutshintsha imeko moya ezahlukeneyo, yaye kwabanye, kunye ujikelezo.

skeleton Human le nemilenze eqhele ukwenza le misebenzi ilandelayo: inkxaso, basafunda nasentlakohlaza. Ngenxa amalungu umsebenzi ezinxityelelanisiweyo, nemisipha kunye nemixube kwezihlunu wathwala iintshukumo zomzimba ukunceda ngexesha ukuhamba, ukubaleka okanye ukutsiba. Oku kunciphisa umthwalo kwi kwiindawo eziphezulu zogqunyelelwe yomzimba kunye namaziko.

hip

Amathambo kweqondo asezantsi, isinqe ongezantsi, iqulathe yifemur, lesiquluba kunye unyawo. Amathambo lesiquluba kunye lesiquluba tibial thaca.
ithambo ithanga - omkhulu kakhulu kwaye womelele emzimbeni womntu, inxalenye eliphezulu liqhagamshelene ithambo ihleza yaye yakha joint hip. nemisipha hip zezona eside kakhulu. Ngenxa wagxila umthwalo omkhulu ukugcina ingqibelelo entlanganweni.

idolo

inxalenye esezantsi yifemur ukuya lesiquluba Iqinisekile, uyila edibeneyo kwedolo, nto leyo ligutyungelwe patella. Ilunga idolo unako flexion, ukwandiswa kunye ujikelezo. Iinyanda bakhe amalungiselelo crosswise.

iqatha joint

Lesiquluba, nokuxhuma iifomu kwenzeke ingozi neqatha. Unyawo yenziwe amathambo tarsal, metatarsals kunye phalanges. It kwandisa indawo zoqhagamshelwano lomzimba kwaye inikeza ukunceda.

Izihlunu adibanayo ngamathambo omntu kweqondo asezantsi ke omkhulu kakhulu kwaye zinamandla emzimbeni, ngenxa yokuba akhawunti kuba umthwalo inkulu enxulumene nokugcinwa kunye nentshukumo yomzimba womntu.

Kwiindawo kokufakelwa bone lomzimba ephantsi ezi izikhuseli intlala ziyatyeba ezinika pryamostoyanie umzimba kunye ukunceda xa utsiba kwaye isebenza. Ziqulethe inyama elastic nokuqina aokusetyenziswa zixinaniswe phantsi kwempembelelo yoxinezeleko uthabathe isimo sokuqala. Nayiphi na inyama cartilaginous iye isantya recovery phezulu, ngamanye kokubuyiselwa, xa kwimeko umonakalo okanye erasure.

Isakhiwo unyawo

Amathambo emelwe 7 amathambo tarsal, leyo zicwangciswe kwimiqolo emibini phakathi lesiquluba kunye metatarsus. Ithambo isithende back kancinane kwaye ezisebenza umsebenzi axhasayo. 5 ibonisa amathambo tubular metatarsus abaqhagamshelwe ukhule phalanges. phalanges toe Amathambo siquka: ngomnwe lokuqala imelwe phalanges ezimbini, yaye abanye - ezintathu.

Kuba unyawo luphawulwa flexion, ulwandiso, ukuthwala kunye ujikelezo. Intshukumo ngamathambo wenza izihlunu ithole neenyawo. Sichaza inani elikhulu iinketho ekumiseleni umzimba womntu emajukujukwini.

Le unyawo rhoqo ukunxibelelana isihlangu, akanakuba ilungiswe. Kuyabonakala calluses, corns okanye neziqu, ekhokelela ubuhlungu. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba imilo kunye nolwakhiwo unyawo ngabantu ezahlukeneyo zahlukile. Kuxhomekeke olinganise umzimba, ubunzima bayo abaphila ngayo umntu. Xa ukhetho oluphosakeleyo nezihlangu lisenokuba iinyawo flat - ukunciphisa arch, nto leyo ebangela izimo ezithile.

Ngoko ke, kucacile ukuba amathambo imilenze asezantsi umntu owenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Uchaza indlela yokuma umzimba womntu xa ehamba, lo gama kuncitshiswa uxinzelelo phezu amalungu kunye neenkqubo overlying, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ubomi enkonzweni yawo. inkqubo Musculoskeletal zomntu ngokwayo ihlanganisa wonke amalungu kunye neenkqubo kwicandelo elinye. Ubume amathambo kwesebe esezantsi yabantu iyavumelana ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi eziyenzayo.