Ukukhangela le Dictionary: Cad - ngubani na le nto?

ulwimi Modern Russian yahluke gqitha kuyo ezisetyenziswa ngayo koobawo bethu iminyaka elikhulu okanye ngaphezulu eyadlulayo. Edlamkileyo inokusityeda, itshintsha kunye noluntu. Ukufunda, umzekelo, isakhiwo lungelelanisa sokuthetha ilandwa, leyo ezintsha kwizifundo zesayensi, zethekhinoloji, ezopolitiko, kunye nezinye iindawo ziye zaziswa, yaye yintoni nasekugqibeleni iphelile. Ngapha koko, neologisms, historicism, amagama lixesha - konke oku imbali yethu, yathinjwa kweli lizwi.

Yazi - Andazi, phatha - musa ukuphatha

Izithethi yangoku lweenkobe badla bakufumanisa kunzima ukuchaza: ningazi - ngubani na le nto? Bathi siphambanise ngayo kwamanye kwamaxabiso kunye nentsingiselo yegama elithi - makangazi. Masizame ukuba asikhanyisele i puzzle umdla. Ukuze wenze oku, khangela kwisichazi-magama. Umzekelo, Vladimir Dal elinyanga umqondiso ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: "Nevezha - igama wabumba isenzi ayiyazi musa ukuba, musa ukuba njani. Ningazi, ukudelela, akazi ukuba baziphathe ngayo, ahlale esidlangalaleni. Umzekelo: ukuba awazazi ku gqiba nge ndatyala, ngoko akhwele phantsi endleleni ".

Endleleni, Ingqumbo yeminyanya ubonisa ukuba nangona igama elithi "mayingafihlakali" kwaye uhamba emva iingcambu efanayo, kodwa ixabiso layo yahlukile: indoda abangafundanga, hayi ubunzima ngolwazi ncwadi, emnyama. Ngokomzekelo, Vladimir Ivanovich kukhokelela amazwi: "umbhali - abakhe, makangazi - yayo": "ayifuni ulwazi kwabangazi nto." Kwangaxeshanye, yena kandziyisa leswaku "ngokungazi nangoku neuchonosti". Ngoko ke, ngokutsho yeminyanya ningazi - indoda izikhewu kwezemfundo, ukuziphatha, ndingenakwazi - kwizifundo kwezemfundo, ulwazi, isikolo.

dictionary Ushakov

Ukuqhubeka isifundo sethu ulwimi, sibheka kuzo ukanti omnye umthombo anegunya - Dictionary kuhlelwa yi Ushakov. Le ithi eli gama libhekisela zombini isiduna zobufazi. Le ibalula umbhali iimpawu evela amaxabiso amabini. Okokuqala, abangenalwazi - indoda elimasikizi, ukudelela. Okwesibini - ntonye ukuya Indies "makangazi." Njengoko imizekelo uhola ezinjalo Izithethantonye: .. Vahlak, umfama umfama, lout, snapper, njl Kungenxa yoko Ushakov idibanisa iikhonsepthi ababili kwelinye. Indlela njengelinobuchule ndawo, kancinci kamva baya kuqonda.

Ozhegov-Shvedova

I lencazelo Dictionary of Language Modern Russian, ihlelwe Ozhegova ufunde: "Nevezha - Kukuba krwada oko, abakrwada, umntu bangenasimilo." E. Phakathi 'ukuba ukufunda nokubhala "kwaye" ekufuneka zibizwe "apha iye yabamba umda ecacileyo. Kubonakala ukuba Ozhegov ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi kunokuba ithatha Ushakov ingqalelo semantics yelizwi, imithunzi yayo intsingiselo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwiimeko kunokwenzeka. Le ukutyhilwa ingqamana ngcono umfuziselo uluntu namhlanje. Hi xikombiso, le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa ukungananzi okungenaluzsini kuba imisebenzi yobugcisa, ezikhumbuzo zokwakha, iikona entle indalo kanye ungqina ukuba ukungabikho okanye ukungabi imfundo, ulwazi, kunye nezikhewu kwezemfundo,, nezobundlobongela ngokomoya yokuziphatha kunye ukungaphucuki. Kungenxa kule ndlela, yaye usetyenziswa savages mihla elithi "ningazi" nxamnye. Kwaye siqhutywe ntonye magama "ibhola" livela kuye ayikwazanga kuba luncedo ngakumbi.

isici lwegrama

Ngoku makhe ndidi zegrama ukuba kucacisa uhlobo morphological kunye syntactical kwamagama. Kwakhona uya kusinceda ukucacisa intsingiselo yalo lungelelanisa. Cad - isibizo, iphile, uhlobo eliqhelekileyo (.. Ie, oko kuwusebenzisa abameli ingamadoda nababhinqileyo), lo declension kuqala. Kusenokwenzeka nokuba ezikwisinye nesininzi. wakhetha "hayi" console yingcambu "vezh" ophela "a" kwi kuhlalutyo ilizwi-esakhula. Ngu eyaqala emva Church Slavonic "mayingafihlakali" (kunye yat) of "Veda". ubungqina oluneenkcukacha, bona ngezantsi.

Ngomhla umbuzo etymology

Ivezwa "mayingafihlakali", "Veda", "ngembeko 'eze okusikrotyana ezinxulumene, kodwa elilodwa-ingcambu. "Veda" - kwisenzi uhamba emva Russian "vedt," mandulo okt, "ukwazi" ... "Ngembeko" livela kwigama "Tower" - "ingcaphephe" kudala indawo yaso. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni umqondiso emida imvelaphi, intsingiselo ukusetyenziswa zobugcisa. Ezizezi: "mayingafihlakali" kuba iingcambu mandulo Russian. .. senziwe yi isimaphambili "non" livela kwigama Russian yamandulo "Tower", oko kukuthi, i "iingcali", njengoko kuboniswe phawu kuphawu: nepolnoglasie. Igama elithi "mayingafihlakali" imvelaphi abangafaniyo Old Slavic. Indibaniso "uloliwe" ibonisa kucacile ngokupheleleyo, ngokunjalo ngala mazwi: impahla yokunxiba, azale phakathi. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 yaye ngenkulungwane ye-19, la magama mabini kuyahambisana, otyunjwe ingqiqo efanayo: umntu uya abangafundanga, kancinane abawazi koko, izinto ignoramus. Ke, kulo mkhuba ulwimi sele baguqulwe amaxabiso. Ningazi ubizwa abantu abakrwada, discourteous.

Umthunzi lentsingiselo "abangafundanga" kuxhaphaka ngoku ukuba indawo, eshiya udidi lixesha. Kodwa izithethi zakule mihla kaninzi babhidanisa la magama mabini, ngokwemiqathango elinye phezu kwelinye. Le meko, xa mazwi phantse ngokufanayo kodwa apelwa ngokwahlukileyo kwaye kuthetha izinto ezahlukeneyo, ebizwa ipharonimi iimpawu ngokwabo - ipharonimi.

Loo nto kangaka umdla igama-abazalwana baye ngolwimi lwethu!